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Solution Manual For Introduction To Programming Using Python 1st Edition Schneider 0134058224 9780134058221

This document contains solutions to chapter 2 problems from the textbook "Introduction to Programming Using Python". It reviews key concepts about atoms and the periodic table, including atomic structure, symbols, properties of elements, and electronic configurations. Sample problems are provided with step-by-step explanations to identify elements, write chemical formulas, and describe atomic properties based on the periodic table.

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100% found this document useful (41 votes)

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Solution Manual For Introduction To Programming Using Python 1st Edition Schneider 0134058224 9780134058221

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Chapter 2–1

Atoms and the Periodic Table 2–10

Solution Manual for Introduction to Programming Using Python 1st Edition

Schneider 0134058224 9780134058221
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Chapter 2 Atoms and the Periodic Table

Solutions to In-Chapter Problems

2.1 Each element is identified by a one- or two-letter symbol. Use the periodic table to
find the symbol for each element.

a. Ca b. Rn c. N d. Au

2.2 Use the periodic table to find the symbol for each element.

a. Cu and Zn b. Cu and Sn c. Sn, Sb, and Pb

2.3 Use the periodic table to find the element corresponding to each symbol.

a. neon b. sulfur c. iodine d. silicon e. boron f. mercury

2.4 Metals are shiny materials that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals do not have
a shiny appearance, and they are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Metalloids
have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

a, d, f, h: metals b, c, g: nonmetals e: metalloid

2.5 Use Figure 2.1 and the definitions in Answer 2.4 to determine if the micronutrients are
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.

As, B, Si: metalloids Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn: metals F, I, Se: nonmetals

2.6 Use Figure 2.3 to determine which elements are represented in the molecular art.

a. 4 hydrogens, 1 carbon b. 3 hydrogens, 1 nitrogen c. 6 hydrogens, 2 carbons, 1 oxygen

2.7 The subscript tells how many atoms of a given element are in each chemical formula.

a. NaCN (sodium cyanide) = 1 sodium, 1 d. SnF2 (stannous fluoride) = 1 tin, 2 fluorines

carbon, 1 nitrogen
b. H2S (hydrogen sulfide) = 2 hydrogens, 1 e. CO (carbon monoxide) = 1 carbon, 1
sulfur oxygen
c. C2H6 (ethane) = 2 carbons, 6 hydrogens f. C3H8O3 (glycerol) = 3 carbons, 8 hydrogens,
3 oxygens

2.8 Use Figure 2.3 to determine which elements are represented in the molecular art.
Chapter 2–1
Atoms and the Periodic Table 2–10

Halothane contains 2 carbons, 1 hydrogen, 3 fluorines, 1 bromine, and 1 chlorine atom.

2.9
a. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal; 9 protons = 9 electrons.
b. The atomic number = the number of protons = 9.
c. This element is fluorine.
Chapter 2–1

2.10 The atomic number is unique to an element and tells the number of protons in the nucleus and the
number of electrons in the electron cloud.

Atomic Number Element Protons Electrons

a. 2 Helium 2 2
b. 11 Sodium 11 11
c. 20 Calcium 20 20
d. 47 Silver 47 47
e. 78 Platinum 78 78

2.11 Answer the question as in Sample Problem 2.4.

a. There are 4 protons and 5 neutrons.
b. The atomic number = the number of protons = 4.
The mass number = the number of protons + the number of neutrons = 4 + 5 = 9.
c. The element is beryllium.

2.12 In a neutral atom, the atomic number (Z) = the number of protons = the number of electrons. The
mass number (A) = the number of protons + the number of neutrons.

Protons Neutrons (A – Z) Electrons

a. 17 18 (35 – 17) 17
b. 14 14 (28 – 14) 14
c. 92 146 (238 – 92) 92

2.13 The mass number (A) = the number of protons + the number of neutrons.

a. 42 protons, 42 electrons, 53 neutrons b. 24 protons, 24 electrons, 28 neutrons

42 + 53 = 95 24 + 28 = 52

2.14 The superscript gives the mass number and the subscript gives the atomic number for each
element.
The atomic number = the number of protons = the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
The mass number = the number of protons + the number of neutrons.

Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons

13 6 13 6 7 6
a. 6C
121 51 121 51 70 51
Sb
b. 51

2.15 The identity of the element tells us the atomic number.

The mass number = the number of protons + the number of neutrons.

Protons Electrons Atomic Number Mass Number

With 12 neutrons: 24
12Mg
12 12 12 12 + 12 = 24
With 13 neutrons: 25
12Mg 12 12 12 12 + 13 = 25
With 14 neutrons: 26
12Mg 12 12 12 12 + 14 = 26
Atoms and the Periodic Table 2–3 Chapter 2–3

2.16 Multiply the isotopic abundance by the mass of each isotope, and add up the products to give the
atomic weight for the element.

a. Magnesium
Mass due to Mg-24: 0.7899 23.99 amu = 18.9497 amu
Mass due to Mg-25: 0.1000 24.99 amu = 2.499 amu
Mass due to Mg-26: 0.1101 25.98 amu = 2.8604 amu
Atomic weight = 24.3091 amu rounded to 24.31 amu
Answer
b. Vanadium
Mass due to V-50: 0.00250 49.95 amu = 0.12488 amu
Mass due to V-51: 0.99750 50.94 amu = 50.8127 amu
Atomic weight = 50.93758 amu rounded to 50.94 amu
Answer

2.17 Use the element symbol to locate an element in the periodic table. Count down the rows of
elements to determine the period. The group number is located at the top of each column.

Element Period Group

a. Oxygen 2 6A (or 16)
b. Calcium 4 2A (or 2)
c. Phosphorus 3 5A (or 15)
d. Platinum 6 8B (or 10)
e. Iodine 5 7A (or 17)

2.18 Use the definitions from Section 2.4 to identify the element fitting each description.

a. K c. Ar e. Zn
b. F d. Sr f. Nb
2.19
a. titanium, Ti, group 4B (or 4), period 4, transition metal
b. phosphorus, P, group 5A (or 15), period 3, main group element
c. dysprosium, Dy, no group number, period 6, inner transition element

2.20 Use Table 2.4 to tell how many electrons are present in each shell, subshell, or orbital.

a. a 2p orbital = 2 electrons c. a 3d orbital = 2 electrons

b. the 3d subshell = 10 electrons d. the third shell = 18 electrons

2.21 The electronic configuration of an individual atom is how the electrons are arranged in an
atom’s orbitals.

a. 1s22s22p63s23p2 = silicon c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 = scandium

b. [Ne]3s23p4 = sulfur d. [Ar]4s23d10 = zinc
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