Electricity

1) What is the function of source of current? (causes motion of the electrons).

2) What is an electric circuit? (a continuous ad ciosed path of an electric current)
3) Define electric current.Give its unit. (amount of charge flowing through a
particular area in a unit time, ampere)
4) What is one ampere?(when one coulomb of charge flows in one second)
5) Name the scientist, who establishes the relation between charge and current.
(French scientist Andre-Marie Ampere).
6) Is current a scalar quantity or a vector quantity?(scalar)
7) Is electric potential ascalar quantity or a vector quantity?{scalar)
8) Name the scientist whose name is used as Si unit of potential difference. (Italian
physicist- Alessandro Volta)
9) Define electric potential difference. (potential difference between the two
points, Aand B, is the work done to move a unit charge from A to B).
10) what is one volt? (it is the potential difference when 1 joule of work is done to
move a charge of 1 coulomb).
11) Define Ohm's law. (the current passing through a wire is directly proportionai to
the potential difference across the wire).
12) What is the direction of the current? (in the direction from positive terminal to
negative terminal through circuit and opposite to that of electrons).
13) Name the scientist who found the relationship between the current and the
potential difference across itsterminals. (German physicist Georg Simon Ohm)
14) Draw a labeled circuit diagram to study a relationship between potential
difference(V) across the two ends of a conductor and the current (i) flowing
through it. State the formula to show how ina conductor varies when Vacross
it is increased stepwise. Show this relationship also on a schematic graph.
15) Define 1Q.(if the potential difference across the two ends ofa conductor is 1V
and the current passing through it is 1A, then the resistance Rof the conductor is
10).
16) Define resistivity. (resistance offered by a cube of material of side 1mwhen
current flows perpendicular to the opposite faces of area unit square).
17) What is the Sl unit of resistivity? (Qm).
18) What is the resistance of dry air? (infinity).
19) What is the affect of temperature on the resistance? (resistance increases with
increase in temperature).
20) Which is having more resistivity,a thick or a thin wire of the same material?
(resistivity is independent of the dimensions of the material, hence it willbe
same for both the cases).
21) How many electrons are there in 1 kg of electrons?
How canwe establish that charge is conserved and it can neither be created nor
22)
destroyed? (when a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth than negative charge from
 glass rod is transferred to the silk cloth as aresult glass rod becomes positively
charged andsilk cloth becomes negatively charged).
23) Does source of current produce electronno, it simply causes motion of the
electrons).
24) Describe an experiment tofind the relation between potential difference and
current.
25) What is the important precaution that has to be observed in the Ohm's law
experiment? (flow of the current should not be allowed continuously, this can be
done by taking off the plug key occasionally and closing it).
26) What is the main advantage of Ohm's law?(it tells how large the current in a
circuit will be for the given resistance and the applied voltage)
27) Onwhat factors the resistance of the circuit depends.(material, length, crosS
sectional area).
28) Why copper and aluminum are preferred for electricaltransmission line?
29) Name the materials, which have very low resistivity. (metals and some alloys,
called conductors).
30) What are semi-conductors? (class of conductors, which have resistivity in
between that of insulators and conductors).
31) Why alloys are preferred than metals in some of the electric heating devices?
(resistivity of an alloy changes less rapidly with changes in temperature, they do
not oxidise readily at high temperature).
32) Name the alloy used in filaments of incandescent lamps. (tungsten)..
33) The resistivity of an aloy is generally higher than that pure metal from which
forms the alloy.
34) Howmany joules are equal to 1 kWh?
35) An electric iron dissipates more heat than an electricoven. Which one has more
resistance? Both appliances are joined in domestic circuit in parallel.
36) Name the physical quantity that remains constant and that varies when resistors
are connected ( i) in series (ii )in parallel ?
37) What are the two principle factors, which determine the heat produced in a wire
of a given material? (current, resistance).
38) Derive a formula to calculate the amount of work done by acurrent Iflowing
through a wire of resistance Rduring the time t.
39) Name few appliances where heating is undesirable? (electric motor, generators).
40) How much energy is dissipated in one second in a resistance RQ carrying a
current of 1 ampere? (R watt).
41) The area of cross-section of copper wire of resistivity p is doubled, how is the
resistivity changed? (no change)
42) Acurrent l pass through aresistance R2 across which a potential difference V
exists. At what rate energy being dissipated? (V).
43) In aresistance R2, a current 1-ampere is passed. What is the amount of
electrical energy dissipated in one second? (R).
44) Name some devices in which
heating
lamps which operate ateffect of an electric
(incandescent
stoves).
current is desirable.
2700 C, toasters,electric
45) irons and
Why do we prefer tungsten as
46) List four factors on which filament for incandescent lamp?
resistance ofa conductor
resistivity and temperature) depends.(length, thickness,
47) Two wire Aand Bhas equal lengths
more than the resistivityof B. Whichand equal resistance. The
is thicker? (area of Ais resistivity AS
of
48) more).
Name the liquid, which is good conductor of
electricity but does not
electrolysis on passage of electric current. (mercury) undergo
49) What type of connections we use in household
50) Is the wire carrying conductor is wiring? Why? (parallel)
charged or
51) Draw a schematic circuit diagram consistingneutral?
a cell, a key, 1
ammeter and a voltmeter using appropriate symbols. variable resistor,
52) Whydo we combine resistors?
53) Describe an experiment to show the deposition of copper on zinc plate.
54) Which is having more resistance, 100 W bulb or 50 W bulb?
55) How much work 0s done in moving a 1C charge from 110 Vto 140 V?
56) The filament of an electric lamp shows a current of 0.4 amperes, which lights for
3 hours. Calculate the amount of charge.
57) ATV. set of 120 W runs for 25 hrs. How much electrical energy is consumed?
58) For a heater rated 5 KW at 220 V. Calculate (a) the current (b) the resistance of
the conductor (c) energy consumed in 3 hrs. (d) the cost if 1 KWh is priced at
Rs 3.
59) Acurrent of 4 amps flows through a car having a battery of 12V for 10 mins. How
electrical energy is consumed during this time?
60) A
3V battery is connected across a5Q resistance. Calculate the heat produced in
5 second.
61) What happens to the resistance of the wire if it is stretched to four times?
62) Aconductor of length 85cm has a resistance of 3.75 0. Calculate the resistance
of a similar conductor of length 510 cm.)
63) Anichrome wire has a resistance of 59. Find the resistance of another nichrome
wire whose length is four times and the areaof the cross-section three times of
the first wire (6.6 Q).
64) A resistance wire made from German Silver has a resistance of 10 0. Calculate
the resistance of another wire, made from same material, such that its length
increases by 4 times and area of cross-section decrease by three times?
65) A4Q resistance wire is doubled on it. Calculate the new resistance of wire.(1 )
66) Howmany 9 Q resistors are required to be connected in parallel to carry 4 A
current on 12 V batteries?
67) What is the minimum resistance, which can be made using 5 resistors each of
1/5 Q?
68) A
wire of 10 Q is made circular and connections are taken out from two
diametrically opposite ends. Calculate the effective resistance.(2.5 )
 69) Show how youwould connect four resistors of 4 Q each, so that combination has
a resistance of (i) 4 Q (ii) 3 Q.
70) Calculate the energy consumed by aheater, which drawsacurrent of 5Aat 220V
for 1 minute.(66,000 J)
71) An electric room heater has a resistance of 25 Q and operates at 220V for 12
minutes. Calculate the heat energy dissipated by the heater in kilojoules.
(1,393.92 KJ)
72) An electric motor of power rating 750W operates at 220V. Calculate the power
consumed if the same motor is working at 110V.
73) Two conducting wires of same material, equal length and equal diameters are
Tirst connected in series and then parallel in anelectric circuit. Find the ratio of
heat produced in series and parallel combinations. (1:4)
74) Howmuch work is done in moving a charge of 2uC across two points having a
potential difference of 12 Volts?
75) Thevalues if current (1) flowing in a given resistor for the
potential difference (V) across the resistor are given as: corresponding
values or
I(ampere) 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
V(volts) 1.5 3.0 6.2 9.3

() Plot agraph between Vand .

(ii) Calculate the resistance of that resistor
(ii) What does the graph represent?
76) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of two cells of 1.5V each 10 9
resistorsand 15 Qresistors and a plug key allconnected in series.
77) Given the resistances of 10, 1129 and 30, how will you combine them to get the
6
equivalent resistance of :(i) Q()(ii) 6 Q
78) There are three conductors,C, having area of cross section Aand length L, Ca
having area of crosssection A/3and length 3L and CG having area of cross sectionVte
3A and length L/3. Compare the resistance and resitivity of three conductors.
Justify your answer.
79) Two devices of rating 44 W, 220 V and 11 W, and 220 V are connected in series.
The combination is connected across 440 V mains. The fuse of which of the two
devices is likely to blow when the circuit is switched on? Deduce through
calculations.
80) A
silk cloth is rubbed with glass rod, the rod is charged to 5uC. How many
electrons are transferred?
A
set of 'n' identical resistors each resistance R are connected in series and
81)
effective resistance is found to be X. When these are connected in parallel, the
effective resistance is found to be Y. Find the ratio of Xand Y.