Parts

STOICHIOMETRY
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in

order to calculate the amount of reactant
needed or amount of product formed in terms
of moles or mass (STEM_GC11MR-Ig-h-38).

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Objectives

● Describe the types of relationships indicated by a

balanced chemical equation.

• State the mole ratios from a balanced chemical

equation.

• List the sequence of steps used in solving

stoichiometric problems.

• Solve stoichiometric problems.

Stoichiometry

● The word stoichiometry is derived from the Greek

terms stoicheion meaning element and metron
meaning to measure.

● Stoichiometry refers to the determination of all

quantitative relationships involved in a chemical
reaction.
Stoichiometric Factor

● The relationship between two chemical species in

a given chemical reaction is described by the
stoichiometric factors or molar ratios.

● Mathematically, they can be expressed as ratios

or fractions
● The amount of each reactant present at the start
of a chemical reaction determines how much
product can form.

The solution to every stoichiometric problem

requires a balanced chemical equation.
What You Should Expect

● Given : Amount of reactants

● Question: how much of products can be
formed.
● Example

● 2 A + 2B 3C
 What do you need?

You will need to use

i. balancing and interpreting equations
ii. mole ratios,
iii. molar masses,
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

Using Stoichiometry

• All stoichiometric calculations begins with a

balanced chemical equation.
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)
 Mole Ratios
A mole ratio converts moles
of one compound in a
balanced chemical equation
into moles of another
compound.
Example

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen

to form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:
2 : 1 : 2
Coefficients in a Balanced
Chemical Equation
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

● One molecule of C2H5OH reacts with three

molecules of O2 to produce two molecules
of CO2 and three molecules of H2O.

Mole Concept
● One mole of C2H5OH reacts with three
moles of O2 to produce two moles of CO2
and three moles of H2O.
 Can Be Used to Generate
Conversion Factors

C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

● 1 mole of C2H5OH produces 2 moles of
CO2 and 3 moles of H2O.
 Can Be Used to Generate
Conversion Factors

C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

● 1 mole of C2H5OH reacts with 3 moles of

O2.
Calculating Masses of Reactants and
Products in Reactions

1. Balance the equation for the reaction.

2. Convert the known mass of the reactant or
product to moles of that substance.
3. Use the balanced equation to set up the
appropriate mole ratios.
4. Use the appropriate mole ratios to calculate the
number of moles of desired reactant or product.
5. Convert from moles back to grams if required by
the problem.
 Let’s Practice!

Consider the combustion of methane (CH4) below:

How many moles of CO2 will be formed from 2.00

moles of CH4?

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 Let’s Practice!

Consider the combustion of methane (CH4) below:

How many moles of CO2 will be formed from 2.00

moles of CH4?

2.00 moles of CH4 would form 2.00 moles of CO2. 21

Try It!

Calculate the moles of H2O formed when

1.00 mole of butane (C4H10) undergoes
combustion. Use the chemical reaction
below as a guide:

2C4H10 (l) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O

(g)

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 Let’s Practice!

Consider the formation of H2O using H2 and O2 shown

below:

Calculate the moles of H2O formed from 3.00 moles of

O 2.

23
 Let’s Practice!

Consider the formation of H2O using H2 and Ov shown

below:

Calculate the moles of H2O formed from 3.00 moles of

O 2.

6.00 moles of H2O would be produced from 3.00 moles

of O2.

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Try It!

Calculate the moles of silver (Ag) produced

if 1.50 moles of copper (Cu) were to
undergo a reaction shown below:

Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq) → Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

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Mole-Mass Problems
● Problem 1: 1.50 mol of
KClO3 decomposes. How
many grams of O2 will be
produced? [k = 39, Cl =
35.5, O = 16]
72 g of O2
Mass-Mass Problems
There are four steps involved in solving
these problems:
● Make sure you are working with a properly
balanced equation.
● Convert grams of the substance given in the
problem to moles.
● Construct mole ratios
● Convert moles of the substance just solved
for into grams.
 Let’s Sum It Up!

● Stoichiometric calculations show the molar

relationship between reactants and products.

● Stoichiometric factors will allow you to compute

products from reactants and vice-versa.

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 Let’s Sum It Up!

● The following diagram shows the summary of

steps needed to solve the problems discussed in
this lesson.

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Assessment. A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A chemical reaction equation must be
____ in order to make stoichiometric
calculations.

A. measured
B. controlled
C. balanced
D. produced
Assessment

2. How many moles of CO2 will be

produced in the following reaction if the
initial amount of reactants was 0.50
moles?
2NaHCO2 → Na2CO + CO2 + H2O
A. 0.25
B. 0.3
C. 0.5
D. 1.0
Assessment

3. Which of the following is a correct mole

ratio for the following equation?
2Al(s) + 3Br2(l) → 2AlBr3(s)
A. 2 mol Al : 3 mol Br
B. 3 mol Br2 : 2 mol Al
C. 2 mol AlBr3 : 1 mol Br2
D. 2 mol Br : 2 mol Al
Assessment
4. How many mole ratios can be written
for the following reaction?

4H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

A. 6
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2 4
 Assessment B. PROBLEM SOLVING

1. Given the unbalanced equation:

Al(s) + O2(g) 🡪 Al2O3
a. How many mole of O2 is needed to produce 10
mole of Al2O3
b. How many moles of Al are needed to
completely react with 52.00 g O2?
c. How many grams of O2 are needed to produce
158.00 g Al2O3
 Exercises:

2. 16 g of H2 reacts completely with N2 to form

NH3. How many grams of NH3 will be formed?
g of N2?

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3. Balance the overall equation of degradation
of glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water. If 856 g of glucose is
consumed by a person over a certain period,
what is the mass of CO2 produced?
4. Methanol(CH3OH) burns in air (O2). If 209 g of
methanol are used up in combustion process,
what is the mass of H2O produced?
CH3OH + O2 CO2 + H2O

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5. All alkali metals react with water to produce
hydrogen gas and the corresponding alkali
metal hydroxide. A typical reaction is
Li (s) + H2O (l) LiOH (aq) + H2(g)
How many grams of Li are needed to
produce 9.89 g H2? g of LiOH?