ing reagents, ‘+ Inthe real world of chemistry, itis rare that we react the exact right amount of chemicals together. Usually, we have more than we need of one of the reactants and so it doesn't ll react itis in excess. ‘+ Sometimes in calculations, we need to work out if one of the reactants is in excess. The reactant that is notin excess is sometimes called the limiting reagent. ‘e.g. Propane reacts with oxygen as shown: C:Hs +5 Q2 > 3COz + 41,0 How many moles of products are formed when 1 mole of C:Hs is mixed with 8 moles of 0:7 CHe + 50, > 3CO2 + 44,0 moles at the start 4 mol 8 mol change in moles 1 mol react 5 mol react 3mol made ‘4. mol made ‘moles at the end 1-1=0mol 8-3=1 mol 0+3=3mol 0+ 4=4mol CsHe limiting Os in excess, reagent 2.9. Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen as shown: 20; + Op > 280s How many moles of SOs are formed when 5 mole of SOr is mixed with 2 moles of O27 280, + O > 2805 moles atthe start 5 mol 2mol change in motes 4mol react, 2 molreact 4 mol made molesattheend — 5-4=1 mol 2-2=0mol 0+4=4mdl $0z in excess. Or limiting reagent ‘+ Inccalculations you will be asked to work with masses, but you will need to convert to moles to find out which is the limiting reagent in order to work out the required answer. 2.9. In the manufacture of titanium, what mass of titanium can theoretically be formed when 1.00 kg of titanium chloride reacts with 0.100 kg of magnesium? Tick + 2Mg > Ti + 2MgCle Tick, + 2M > Ti + 2MgCk moles at the start 1000 = 5,266 mol 100 = 4.115 mol 189.9 24.3 5.266 moles of TiCly needs 10.53 moles of Mg to react TICL is in excess and does not all react, so Mg is the limiting reagent 2.058 moles of TICl, reacts with 4.115 moles of Mg change in moles = 2.058 mal = 4.115 mal + 2.058 4.115 mal ‘moles at the end 0+ 2.058 = 2.058 mol Mass of Ti = 2.058 x47.9 = 98.69 © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 28-July-2020 Chemsheets AS 1027 4TASK 11A — LIMITING REAGENTS 1 4 cao + 10 > CalOH): a) 2 mol 3 mol ») 10 mol 8 mol 9 0.40 mol 0.50 mol 2 2a + O + a0 a) 2 mol 2 mol b) 10 mol 2 mol 9 0.50 mol 0.20 mol 3 2Fe + 3h > Pech a) 3 mol 3 mol ») 412 mol 15 mol 9 20 mol 40 mol 4 Tic + 4Na > Ti + 4Nacl a) 4 mol 4 mol ») 2 mol 10 mol 9 0.5 mal 4 mol 5 G:HOH + 302 > 200: + 31.0 a) 18 mol 30 mol ») 0.25 mol 4 mol 9 3 mol 6 mol & Ne + 3H > 2NHs a) 3 mol 6 mol ») 0.5 mol 0.9 mol 9 6 mol 20 mol Z 4k + O > 2K20 a) 40 mol 2 mol ») 6 mol 4 mol ) 0.50 mot 0.20 mol © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 28-July-2020 Chemshests AS 1027 8TASK 11B — LIMITING REAGENTS 2 What mass of calcum hydroxide is formed when 10.0 g of calcium CaO + H:0 > Ca(OH), oxide reacts with 10.0 g of water? What mass of magnesium bromide is formed when 1.00 g of Mg + Bra > MgBre magnesium reacts with 5,00 g of bromine? What mass of copper is formed when 2.00 g of copper(ll) oxide CUO + Hy -» Cu + HzO reacts with 1.00 g of hydrogen? What mass of sodium fluoride is formed when 2.30 g of sodium 2Na + Fe -> 2NaF reacts with 2.85 g of fluorine? What mass of iron is formed when 8,00 g of ronjlll) oxide reacts with -Fe,Os + 2Al > 2Fe + ALOs 2.16 g of aluminium? What mass of aluminium chloride is formed when 135 9 of 2AL + 3Cl -> 2AlCls aluminium reacts with 42.6 g of chlorine? TASK 11C — REACTING MASS CALCULATIONS 2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) n 5.00 9 of iron and 5.00 g of sulphur are heated together to form iron (II) sulphide, Which reactant is in excess and what 's the maximum mass of iron(II) sulphide that can be formed? Fe +S > Fes In the manufacture of the fertiliser ammonium sulphate, what is the maximum mass of ammonium sulphate that can be ‘obtained from 2.00 kg of sulphuric acid and 1.00 kg of ammonia? HySO, + 2NHs > (NHs}SOy Inthe Solvay process, ammonia is recovered by the reaction shown. What is the maximum mass of ammonia that can be recovered from 2.00 tonnes of ammonium chloride and 0.500 tonnes of calcium oxide? 2NHACI + CaO > CaCl + H:O + 2NHs In the manufacture of titanium, what mass of titanium can theoretically be formed when 0.500 kg of titanium chloride reacts with 0.100 kg of magnesium? Tick + 2Mg > Ti + 2MgCle In the manufacture of ammonia, what mass of ammonia can theoretically be formed when 1,00 kg of nitrogen reacts with 0.500 kg of hydrogen? No + 3H > 2NH» In the manufacture of sulphur troxide, what mass of sulphur trioxide can theoretically be formed when 1.00 kg of sulphur dioxide reacts with 0,500 kg of oxygen? 2802 + O2 + 280, Hydrazine (NsH.) was used as the rocket fuel for the Apollo missions to the moon. tis by reaction of ammonia with sodium chlorate. What mass of hydrazine is made by reaction of 100 g of ammonia with 100 g of sodium chloriate? 2NHs + NaOCl —+ NoHy + NaCl + HO © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 28-July-2020 Chemsheets AS 1027 16