Anatomy of GIT

Mouth, Tongue and

Salivary glands
By

Dr Muhy Mahmoud
 The Digestive system

Consists of
1- The alimentary tract.
2- The accessory organs of digestion.
 1- Alimentary tract:

 This is a long tube trough which food

passes.
It starts at the mouth and ends at the anus
tube 9 meter long.
 It consist of the following parts:

1- Mouth,
2- Pharynx,
3- Esophagus,
4- Stomach,
5- Small intestine,
6- Large intestine.
2) Accessory organs of digestion:

 They are glands outside the alimentary tract and

their secretion pass through ducts to enter the
tract.
 They consist of:

1- Salivary glands,
2- Pancreas,
3- Liver and the biliary tracts
The Mouth Cavity
 1- Boundaries
of The Mouth Cavity

Upper Lip

Palate

Cheek

Lower Lip
Oropharyngeal Isthmus

Soft Palate
Uvula
 2- Divisions of Mouth Cavity

Teeth

Mouth
Cavity Proper
Vestibule of The Mouth
(Vestibular Region)
 3- Mucous membrane:
Firmly attached to the hard palate, alveolar process and to tongue.
Loosely attached to the floor and the cheeks and the lips.
1. Frenulum of the tongue: mucous fold between undersurface of the tongue and
floor of the mouth
2. Sublingual papilla: receives the opening of the submandibular duct
3. Sublingual fold: produced by sublingual gland and receives its opening

Frenulum

Sublingual folds

Sublingual papilla
1- Frenulum of The Tongue

2- Sublingual Fold

3- Sublingual Papilla
4-Arterial Supply of The Mouth Cavity
1- Facial artery:
labial branches
(to lips)

2- Lingual artery:
dosalis linguae,
sublingual (tongue,
floor)

3- Maxillary artery:
alveolar (supplies all
teeth), palatine
(palate, gums)
 Greater and Lesser Palatine

Superior Labial

Maxillar Artery Facial

Inferior Labial
Artery
Dorsalis Lingulae

Sublingual Artery Lingual Artery

 5- Nerve supply:
Trigeminal nerve (5th ) (maxillary + mandibular nerves)

Roof: Branches of maxillary n.

Floor: lingual branch of mandibular n
Cheek: buccal branch of mandibular n
Alveolar branches of
maxillary nerve Middle Superior Alveolar

Posterior Superior Alveolar

Anterior Superior Alveolar

Maxillary Nerve
palatine branches of
maxillary nerve
Sphenopalatine
Ganglion

Nasopalatine Nerve Greater Palatine Nerve

Lesser Palatine Nerve

Lingual of
mandibular nerve

Lingual Nerve
buccal of
mandibular nerve
Buccal Branch
6- Lymphatic drainage Submental, submandibular, deep Cervical
LNs
The Tongue
 Site:
Muscular structure in floor of mouth
 Parts : The tongue has:
1- A tip: the anterior free end.
2- A root: the posterior part Transmits the vessels and
nerve supply the tongue.
3- A body: it has upper (dorsal) surface and lower
(inferior) surfaces.
 The root

The body

The tip
 Dorsal surface

Pharyngeal lingual tonsil

part

oral
part
Frenulum
of
Tongue Inferior surface

Lingual vessels
And nerves
Muscles of The Tongue
Extrinsic Muscles of The Tongue
 palatoglossus

styloglossus
Genioglossus

hyoglossus
Intrinsic Muscles of The Tongue
Superior longitudinal muscle

Inferior longitudinal muscle

vertical muscle
Transverse muscle
 Extrinsic muscle (4):
Genioglossus: Protrude the tonuge and push it to opposite side
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
move the tongue in different directions
Intrinsic muscles (4):
Superior longitudinal muscle
Inferior longitudinal muscle
Vertical muscle
Transverse muscle
change the tongue shape

Nerve supply:
All muscles of the tongue supplied by hypoglossal n (12th) EXCEPT
Palatoglossus By (vago-accessory)
Sensory Nerve supply of The Tongue
Blood supply of The Tongue
Arterial supply
Lingual artery
Origin: ECA

Venous drainage
Lingual vein:
Drain into
internal
jugular vein
Lymphatic drainage of The Tongue
Salivary
glands
 Parotid
Supplied by 9 th
Cran ial n erve

Submandibular
Supplied by 7 t h
Sublingual Cranial nerve
Supplied by 7 t h
Cranial nerve
 Opening of Parotid (Stensen’s) Duct
(in the vestibule of the mouth) opposite to upper 2nd molar

2nd Molar
 Frenulum
of
Tongue
Submandibular
Duct Opening

Sublingual
Papilla
with
Submandibular
(Wharton’s)
Duct Opening
Sublingual Fold

Subligual Ducts

Sublingual Gland
 Clinical notes
Tongue tie:
Paralysis of the Genioglossus
Lesion in hypoglossal nerve:

Lesion in the right hypoglossal nerve: