VERB

- King of English 3. Auxiliary or Helping Verb

- Word that tells what is happening.  Combined with base or present form,
- Signals: present, or past participle form of the
 Execution of an action main verb.
 Occurrence of an event  Used to enhance the main verb’s
 Presence of a condition or state of being meaning by giving us more information
about its tense.
FINITE VERB

- Any verb form that may be used as a predicate A. Principal Auxiliaries

in the sentence.  They change form to show time
and number.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VERB
 Be – is, am being, are was, were
1. Its form may be changed by adding suffixes -ing  Do – does, does, did, done
or -ed to its base form.  Have – has, had
2. Its syntactical function is to form the predicate B. Modal Auxiliaries
of the sentence or subordinate clause.  They do not change form to show
time and number.
WORDS ENDING IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ARE
 Modal verbs – can, could, may,
VERBS
might, should, would, shall, will
-fy Clarify, certify, classify, verify, specify must ought to
-ize Memorize, criticize, specialize, minimize C. Special Auxiliary
-ate Regulate, circulate, enunciate, manipulate  They are like modals but are also
-en Widen, broaden, lengthen, strengthen conditioned by time and number.
 Special Auxiliary- used to, going
to, have to, is to, are to, was to,
Verbs may vary in from including tense, aspect, mood,
were to
and voice. It may also agree with the person gender and
4. Gerund
number.
 A form that comes from a verb with -
KINDS OF VERB ing but acts as a noun in a sentence.
 Its functions can be subject, direct
1. Action Verbs object, indirect object, predicate
- Tells what the subject is doing. nominative, object of the preposition,
- Divided into two classes: and appositive.

A. Transitive verb MOOD OF THE VERBS

 The verb that has a subject and
1. Indicative mood
direct object
 From the Latin, “stating”
Ex. He eats mango.  Used to make factual statements or
pose questions.
We cut a tree.
Sample sentence for study:
B. Intransitive Verb
 Without direct object The car is beautiful. Statement of fact
 It only has subject. Is the car beautiful? Question
A novel is a long story divided into Statement of fact
Ex. Darwin runs. chapters.
It blinks. Is a novel long story divided into Question
chapters?
NOTE: English verbs are often flexible. A
transitive verb can often drop its object and
2. Imperative mood
become intransitive, or an intransitive can take
 From the Latin, “command”
an object and become transitive.
 Used to express a request, command,
I danced. (intransitive) directives.
 Used in the second person (you) and in
I danced cha-cha. (transitive)
the present tense.
2. Linking verb or copula
Close the door, please. Please answer the phone.
 Connects subject to the predicate; does
Come with us tonight. Be a man
not require action.
Run! Do it right.
 Be verbs – is, am being, are, was, were Be generous. Keep up the good job.
 Other frequently used LVs – appear,
become feel, grow, look, remain, seem,
smell, sound stay, taste
 3. Subjunctive mood Irregular verb (strong verbs)
 From the Latin, “subjoin, bind,
 Changes its form in the past and past participle.
subordinate.”
 Doesn’t follow normal pattern when forming
 Used to show a wish, doubt, or anything
the past tense and past participle.
else contrary to fact.
Base Past form Past participle
Ex. If I were you, I would listen very well.
Hit Hit Hit
I wish I were in the position.
Bring Brought Brought
Wish or regret. I wish I were rich.
Choose Chose Chosen
Condition contrary to If today were Saturday, I
Draw Drew Drawn
the fact would sleep the whole day.
Sing Sang Sung
Go Went Gone
PRINCIPAL FORMS OF THE VERB
Run Ran Run
 Verbs have fundamental forms that are used to
create a tense.
VOICE OF THE VERBS
Forms Regular Irregular
verb verb  Voice shows whether the subject is the doer or
Simple or base form Talk sing receiver of the action.
Third person singular form Talks Sings  Active- subject is the doer of the action.
Present participle form Talking Singing  Passive- subject is the receiver of the action.
Past form Talked Sang
Past participle form talked Sung Tenses Active Passive
Simple Presen Finish, Is/are finished
KINDS OF VERB ACCORDING TO FORM t finishes
Past Finished Was/were
REGULAR VERBS (WEAK VERBS) finished
 Form its past and past participle form by adding d Future Will/shall Will be/shall be
or -ed to the present/base form. finish finished
Progressive Presen Is/are/am Is/are/being
 Standard set of rules for forming their present
t finishing finished
participle and past form:
Past Wad/were Was/were
 Add -ing to the end of its base form to form for
finishing being finished
the present participle. Future Will No form
 Add -ed to form past and past participle. be/shall
 If the base form of the verb ends with letter -e, finishing
add only -d for the past form of the verb; Perfect Presen Has/have Has been/have
remove -e then just add -ng for the present t finished been finished
participle. Past Had Had been
finished finished
Base Present Past form Past Future Will Will have
participle participle have/shall been/shall have
Move Moving Moved Moved have been finished
Walk Walking walked Walked finished

 When a verb ends with a vowel followed by a

consonant, the last consonant is doubled before Examples:
adding -ing or -ed
Marga finishes her Active Simple
Base Present Past form Past assignments every present
participle participle midnight.
The assignments are Passive Simple
Fit Fitting Fitted Fitted
finished every midnight present
Cancel Cancelling Cancelled Cancelled
by Marga

 When a verb ends with a consonant followed by ASPECTS OF VERBS

y, the present participle is formed by adding -
 From the Latin “how (something) looks
ing; for the past form, drop the y, replace it with
 The verb form that indicates completion,
I, and add -ed.
duration, or repetition of an action.
Base Present Past form Past 1. The perfect aspect (perfective)
participle participle - Describes events occurring in the past but linked
Apply Applying Applied Applied to a later time, usually the present.
- Formed with has/have/had + past participle
Bully Bullying Bullied Bullied
Ex. has made had made
 2. The progressive aspect (continuous) Past perfect tense denotes a duration of action that was
- describes an event that takes place during a completed at a certain time in the past. It also describes
limited period. the action that is preceded at another past time or
- Made of a form of be + the -ing form of the events that are expected and hoped for. Pattern: (subj +
main verb. had + past participle)

Ex. is making was making - I had been a teacher since 2004.

- I had imagined that the movie is interesting.
These two aspects maybe combined to form the perfect
progressive. Aspect is expressed by means of participles, Future perfect tense is used to express the ff:
separate verbs and verb phrases.
 An action that will have been completed before
VERB TENSES a point in time in the future.
- I will have finished my second degree by March
SIMPLE TENSES
2013.
Present tense is used to express the following: - We shall have done lessons in drama by
October.
 What is stated as always in the nature of things:  An action that will have been completed before
- The sun rises from the east. another future action or before a definite future
 A habitual reoccurrence of an action: time.
- The TTL subject ends at 12:00 noon. - I will have checked my answers before my
 A permanent location: teachers checks it.
- Capitol University is a school located in Cagayan
de Oro City. Pattern: will have/shall have + past participle of the
 A present location verb
- Heart takes an Architecture course.
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
 What is narrated vividly:
- The actors jumped as they perform on the Present perfect tense denotes an action that is
stage. ongoing at the past resulting in another action or
 What is seen as absolutely certain: interrupted by earlier actions.
- Today is Wednesday.
Pattern: subject + has/have + present participle
Past tense expresses activities that occurred in the past.
Ex. I have been studying my lessons in Structure Of
- They were here yesterday. English

Future tense expresses activities that occurred in the You have been using my laptop.
future.
Past perfect tense denotes an action that began at a
He will perform a dance number. particular time in the past. Still ongoing at the
present and will possibly continue in the future.
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
Pattern: subject + had+ been + present participle
Present progressive tense expresses an action which
takes place now as the speaker speaks. (pattern: Ex. I had always been expecting to hear from you.
am/is/are + v-ing)
I had been hoping that you call.
Students are studying in their respective classrooms.
Future perfect tense denotes an action that is
Past progressive tense expresses an action that was presently happening and will continue in the future.
going on in the past when another past action occurred.
Patter: subject + will + have + been + present
(pattern: was/were + V-ing)
participle
She was writing a letter when I arrived.
Ex. the company will have been operating for a year.
Future progressive tense expresses temporary activities
I will have been staying in this town for years.
that will be in a progress at a point in time or that will
extend over a limited point in time in the future.
(pattern: will/shall +V-ing)

We will be watching a movie at SM city.

PERFECT TENSES

Present perfect tense denotes an action that happened

in the past and is completed at the present. (pattern:
subj + has/have+ past participle)

- I have been to different places in the country.

- I have already read the Harry Potter series.