Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations

and Codes

Kevin Womack
Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations &
Codes

Fundamentals:
Terminology & Definitions
 The Basics - Lamps

 Bulb
-Tulips grow from these…

Bulb
-They are not all bulb-shaped!
 Lamp
 Source, Light Source
3
 The Basics - Luminaires

Lamp
-The lamp is the light source

 Luminaire
 Light Fitting
 Lighting Fixture

4
 Lighting Terminology

 Luminous Flux - Φ, lumen (lm)

 Luminous Flux (Φ) is the total light emitted by a source or received
by a surface in all directions, and is measured in lumens

 Luminous Intensity - I, candela (cd)

 Luminous Intensity (I) is the power of a source to emit light in a
given direction, and is measured in candelas
 For a point source the intensity is the luminous flux per unit solid
angle in the direction in question
 One candela is equal to one lumen per steradian

5
 Lighting Terminology

 Steradian (Sr)
 One steradian is a unit solid angle subtending an area on the surface
of a sphere equal to the square of the sphere radius

6
 Lighting Terminology

 Illuminance - E, lux
 Illuminance (E) is the quantity of light arriving on a unit area of a
surface, and is measured in lux
 One lux is equal to one lumen per m²

 Luminance - L, cd/m²
 Luminance (L) is the intensity of light per unit area reflected or
transmitted from a surface, measured in candelas/m²

 Luminous Exitance - M, lm/m²

 Luminous Exitance (M) is the total amount of flux emitted, reflected
and transmitted from into surface into a complete hemisphere,
measured in lumens/m²

7
 Lighting Terminology

 Brightness
 Brightness is a subjective response to the appearance of a surface or a
light source – it is what the eye and brain ‘see’
 Luminance is the objective quantity to which brightness is related

8
 Lighting Terminology

 Summary
 Luminance is the quantity of light leaving a surface in a certain
direction - it is dependent on the surface properties and on the
direction
 Brightness is the subjective human response to luminance
 Illuminance is the total quantity of light arriving at a unit area of a
surface from all directions - it is independent of the surface properties
and of the direction
 Luminous Exitance is the total quantity of light leaving a surface in
all directions - it is dependent on the surface properties, but is
independent of the direction
 Of the three technical terms, Luminance and Illuminance are very
commonly used, with Exitance referred to much less often

9
 Surface Properties

 Reflectance - ρ
 Reflectance (ρ) is the ratio of the luminous flux reflected from a
surface to the luminous flux incident on it
 It is dimensionless, always less than unity and is expressed as a
percentage or as a decimal
 Reflectance can be perfectly diffuse (i.e. off a matt surface such as a
painted wall) or perfectly specular (i.e. off a mirror) – in reality it is
always somewhere in between
 Except for perfectly diffuse surfaces the reflectance depends on the
direction of the incident light and its spectral distribution (i.e. light at
different wavelengths are reflected to different degrees by a surface)
 However, lighting calculations usually assume perfectly diffuse
surfaces and no variation due to spectral distribution

10
 Surface Properties

 Transmittance - τ
 Transmittance (τ) is similar to Reflectance - it is the ratio of luminous
flux transmitted by a material to the luminous flux incident on it, is
always less than unity, is expressed as a percentage or decimal and
can also be diffuse or specular

11
 Light Source Properties

 Colour Temperature - CCT, Kelvin (K)

 The Colour Temperature or Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) is a
measure of the colour appearance of a light source
 CCT is expressed as a temperature in Kelvin (K) correlating to the
temperature of a ‘full radiator’ that emits radiation of the same chromaticity
as the light source being considered
 A higher colour temperature describes a source that is a ‘cooler’ colour (i.e.
more blue), and a lower colour temperature describes a source that is a
‘warmer’ colour (i.e. more red)
 ‘White’ lamps in general use have CCTs ranging between around 2500K and
6500K - the values are published by lamp manufacturers

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 Light Source Properties

 Colour Rendering Index –

CRI or Ra
 The Colour Rendering Index (CRI or
Ra) is a measure of the ‘accuracy’ of
the appearance of surface colours when
illuminated by a given light source as
compared with their appearance under
light from some reference source
 Typically, the reference source is one
with a broad spectral distribution of
light in the visible range such as
daylight or the light emitted from a
tungsten source

13
 Light Source Properties

 Colour Rendering Index (continued)

 CRI is expressed as a integer between 1 and 100 which is roughly
equivalent to the percentage performance when compared to the
reference source – it is never expressed as a percentage
 Ra is a general indexing into categories of performance, with 1a being
closest to the reference source, and decreasing quality with 1b, 2a, 2b
etc
 CRI and/or Ra are published by the lamp manufacturers

 Efficacy - μ
 Efficacy (μ) is a measure of the efficiency of a light source - it is the
ratio of the luminous flux emitted by a light source to the input power
consumed by the light source, expressed in lumens/W

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 Light Distribution

 Direct Lighting
 Direct Lighting is where the majority of the
luminous flux from the light source(s) reaches the
surface being lit directly, without reflection off
surrounding surfaces

 Indirect Lighting
 Indirect Lighting is where majority of the luminous
flux from the light source(s) reaches the surface
being lit only after reflection off other surfaces

 Direct-Indirect Lighting
 Direct-Indirect Lighting is where near equal
proportions of the luminous flux from the light
source(s) reach the surface being lit with and
without reflection off other surfaces

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 Light Distribution

 Wallwashing
 Wallwashing is the term used for lighting directed at the walls of a room to
indirectly illuminate the space and/or to provide visual interest

16
Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations &
Codes

Lamps
 Lamps

 Incandescent
 Tungsten - Oldest available form of
incandescent lamp, in which electricity is used
to heat up a coiled (tungsten) filament to emit
light
 Tungsten-Halogen - Incandescent light
sources utilising the halogen regenerative cycle
to prevent blackening of the lamp envelope
during life. Usually more compact and longer
life than comparable standard incandescent
sources, often low-voltage (12V or 24V)

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 Lamps

 Fluorescent
 An energy-efficient type of lamp that produces
light through the activation of the phosphor
coating on the inside surface of a glass envelope
by mercury vapour that has been ionised by an
electric arc

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 Lamps

 High Intensity Discharge (HID)

 discharge lamp which passes a high-pressure
electron arc stream through a gas vapour,
examples are:
- Metal Halide Lamps
- High-pressure Sodium Lamps
- Mercury Lamps

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Lamp Comparison Table

Type Incandescent Fluorescent High Intensity Discharge

Tungsten Halogen Linear Compact Metal Halide Sodium
Point Source Point Source Low initial cost Higher output with Point Source Point Source
Low initial cost Improved efficacy High efficacy smaller dimensions Very good efficacy Very good efficacy
No control gear No control gear Very long life High efficacy Long life Long life
required required if mains Low brightness Very long life High output for High output for
Advantages

Not affected by voltage Low brightness compact size compact size

Low operating
ambient Not affected by temperature Low operating Light output not Light output not
temperature ambient temperature affected by affected by
temperature Good colour
Simple to dim rendering can be Good colour ambient ambient
Good colour Simple to dim if achieved (with rendering can be temperature temperature
rendering mains voltage reduced efficacy) achieved (with
Good colour reduced efficacy)
rendering
Very low efficacy Low efficacy Not a point source Not a point source Relatively poor Poor colour
High operating High operating Requires control Requires control colour rendering rendering
temperature temperature gear gear High initial cost Colour appearance
Disadvantages

Very sensitive to Very sensitive to Affected by Affected by Requires control is orange

voltage variations voltage variations ambient ambient gear Requires control
Very short life Requires temperature temperature Cannot dim gear
transformer if low Require special Require special Long warm-up & Cannot dim
voltage control gear to dim control gear to dim restrike times Long warm-up &
Short life Problems starting restrike times
in cold weather Problems starting
in cold weather
 Other Lamp Types

 Cold Cathode
 A neon-like electric-discharge light
source primarily used for illumination
(neon is often used for signage or as an
art form). Cold cathode can sometimes
by used where fluorescent tubes would
be too large or too hard to re-lamp, and
can be coloured or curved

 Low Pressure Sodium

 A discharge lamp that uses sodium
vapour as the light-producing element.
It produces an orange-grey light

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 Other Lamp Types

 Induction
 Similar technology to fluorescent but using
microwaves rather than an electric arc to ionise
the mercury, resulting in an extremely long
lamp life (60,000hrs as opposed to 15,000hrs)

 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

 Recent advances in LED technology in both
quantity of luminous flux output and colour
(white LEDs are now available) have resulted
in them becoming a viable choice for
architectural lighting, with the advantages of a
very low power consumption and an extremely
long life

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Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations &
Codes

Lighting Calculations
 Simple Equations

 Direct Illuminance on surface from a point

source:
E = I / d²
(d = distance to surface in metres)
 Luminance of a surface:
L = Eρ /π
 Luminous Exitance of a surface:
M = Eρ

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 Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1
Point-by-Point Calculation

 Luminaire (A1, A2, A3):

 Zumtobel CHF 1/26 TCD
190
 Lamp
 1 x 26W TC-D Compact
Fluorescent (1800 lumens)
 Light Loss Factor
 Assume 0.7

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 Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1
Point-by-Point Calculation

 Photometric data for Zumtobel CHF

1/26 TCD 190 is provided (left)
 Use E = I / d²
 However – you need to calculate this
for each luminaire by finding I in the
appropriate direction, and resolving
for the angle between the source and
the point P (θ). Therefore the equation
now becomes:
E = I(in the direction of P) x COS(θ)
d²
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 Point-by-Point Calculation
Exercise 1 Solution:
For Luminaire A1:
Luminaire mounting height (Hm)
= room height - table height
= 3.0 - 0.8 = 2.2m
Horizontal distance to point P (G)
= 1.0m
Therefore:
Distance between A1 and P (d)
= (Hm² + G²)
= (2.2² + 1.0²)
= 2.42m
Angle A1 to P (θ)
= ATAN(G/Hm)
= ATAN(1.0/2.2)
28
= 24.4°
 Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1 Solution:
 Obtain Luminous Intensity from
manufacturer‟s data for luminaire A1:

Luminous Intensity for Luminaire A1:

= 333 x 1800/1000
= 599 cd

 Note – data is given in candelas per

1000 lamp lumens – therefore the
figure in the table must be multiplied
by the lamp lumens divided 1000

29
Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1 Solution:
Calculate Illuminance at P for luminaire A1 using:
E = I(in the direction of P) x COS(θ)
d²
Point Luminaire Distance Angle Luminous Illuminance at
Reference Reference d (m) θ (°) Intensity Point
I (cd) E (lux)

P A1 2.42 24.4 599 93.1

A2
A3
Total Initial Illuminance at point from all three luminaires = ??? Lux

Now try doing the same for luminaires A2 and A3 to complete

the above table.
 Point-by-Point Calculation
Exercise 1 Solution:
For Luminaire A2:
Luminaire mounting height (Hm)
= 3.0 - 0.8 = 2.2m
Horizontal distance to point P (G)
= (1.0² + 0.8²)
= 1.28m
Therefore:
Distance between A1 and P (d)
= (Hm² + G²)
= (2.2² + 1.28²)
= 2.55m
Angle A1 to P (θ)
= ATAN(G/Hm)
= ATAN(1.28/2.2)
31
= 30.2°
 Point-by-Point Calculation
Exercise 1 Solution:
For Luminaire A3:
Luminaire mounting height (Hm)
= 3.0 - 0.8 = 2.2m
Horizontal distance to point P (G)
= (1.0² + 1.6²)
= 1.89m
Therefore:
Distance between A1 and P (d)
= (Hm² + G²)
= (2.2² + 1.89²)
= 2.89m
Angle A1 to P (θ)
= ATAN(G/Hm)
= ATAN(1.89/2.2)
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 Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1 Solution:
 Obtain Luminous Intensities from
manufacturer‟s data for luminaires
A2 and A3:

Luminous Intensity for Luminaire A2:

= 335 x 1800/1000
= 603 cd

Luminous Intensity for Luminaire A3:

= 257 x 1800/1000
= 463 cd

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Point-by-Point Calculation

Exercise 1 Solution:
Calculate Illuminances at P for luminaires A2 & A3 using:
E = I(in the direction of P) x COS(θ)
d²
Point Luminaire Distance Angle Luminous Illuminance at
Reference Reference d (m) θ (°) Intensity Point
I (cd) E (lux)

P A1 2.42 24.4 599 93.1

A2 2.55 30.2 603 80.1
A3 2.89 40.6 463 41.7
Total Initial Illuminance at point from all three luminaires = 215 Lux

• Finally, we apply the Light Loss Factor to the result to get the
Maintained Illuminance (more on this later):
Light Loss Factor = 0.7
TOTAL MAINTAINED ILLUMINANCE AT POINT P = 0.7 x 215 = 151 lux
 Lighting Calculations

 The Lumen Method

 The Lumen Method is a very common calculation technique for
simple spaces
 It is used to calculate the illuminance that represents the average of
the values of all points over an entire horizontal plane in the room –
usually either the floor or the working plane
 The working plane is an imaginary horizontal plane at which the task
is performed. In an office this is usually assumed to be 0.85m above
the floor and parallel to it

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 The Lumen Method

 Determined as:
E(maintained) = (Φ • n • N • MF • UFs) / As

 Φ = initial bare lamp luminous flux (lumens)

 n = number of lamps per luminaire
 N = number of luminaires
 MF = Maintenance Factor
 UFs = Utilisation Factor for the reference surface S (depends on the
luminaire)
 As = The area of reference surface S (m²)

36
 Lumen Method Definitions

 Maintenance Factor (MF)

 The Maintenance Factor is the ratio of illuminance provided by an
installation at some stated time with respect to initial illuminance; i.e.
after 1000 hours of operation
 Light levels will be lower after 1000 hours for various reasons, such
as:
- Dirt build-up on the luminaire
- Dirt build-up on room surfaces (affecting reflected light)
- Lamp depreciation over time

 Utilisation Factor (UF)

 The Utilisation Factor is the proportion of luminous flux emitted by
the lamps in the luminaires which reaches the working plane

37
 Lumen Method Definitions

 Room Index (RI)

 The Room Index is an index related to the dimensions of a
room to help differentiate between different room shapes
in the Lumen Method calculation
 It is calculated using the following equation:
LxW
hm(L + W)
- L = Room Length
- W = Room Width
- hm= Luminaire Mounting Height

38
 Lumen Method Definitions

 Spacing-to-Height Ratio (SHR)

 The Spacing-to-Height Ratio describes the distance between
luminaire centres in relation to their height above the working plane
 Typically, a maximum SHR is specified by the manufacturers for a
regular array of luminaires in order to ensure sufficient uniformity of
light on the working plane
 For most luminaires there is both an axial and a transverse SHR
which are different, defined as follows

39
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2
Lumen Method Calculation

Design a lighting layout for this office, based

on the following criteria:
 Target Illuminance = 350 lux
 Ceiling Reflectance = 70%
 Wall Reflectance = 50%
 Floor Reflectance = 20%
 Cleaning cycle = 1 year
 Normal (N) environment
 Luminaires operated 8 hours per day
 Luminaire information is on next page
 The ceiling is a 600 mm x 600 mm grid
Find the number of luminaires required, and
sketch an appropriate layout of them in
the ceiling

40
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2
Lumen Method Calculation

Luminaire to be used:
 Zumtobel Mellowlight RCB 2/28
T16
 (CIBSE type “D”)
 Photometric Data is provided
opposite
Lamp Data:
 2 x 28W T16 (T5) Linear
Fluorescent
 Each with initial lumen output of
2600 lumens

41
 Lumen Method Calculation

Exercise 2

Lumen Method Calculation

Other information required:

 Tables for calculating Maintenance

Factor from the CIBSE Code for Interior
Lighting

42
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2 Solution:
1. Calculate Room Index:

Room Floor Area (A)

= Length (L) x Width (W)
= 10.0 x 8.0 = 80 m²
Luminaire Mounting Height (Hm)
= Room Height - Luminaire
Suspension Height - Height of
Working Plane
= 3.05 - 0.0 - 0.85
= 2.2
Room Index (RI)
= A / (Hm x (L+W))
= 80 / (2.2 x (10.0 + 8.0))
= 2.0
43
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2 Solution:
2. Find Utilisation Factor and Spacing
Ratios:

 RI = 2.0
 Ceiling Reflectance = 70%
 Wall Reflectance = 50%
 Floor Reflectance = 20%
Therefore, from manufacturer‟s data:
Utilisation Factor (UF) = 53%

Also note the maximum spacing-to-height

ratios (SHR):
SHR (Transverse) = 1.95
SHR (Axial) = 1.50
44
 Lumen Method Calculation

Exercise 2 Solution:
3. Calculate the Maintenance Factor:

MF = LLMF x LMF x RSMF

LLMF = Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor
LMF = Luminaire Maintenance Factor
RSMF = Room Surface Maintenance Factor

a. Find the LLMF at 1000 hours from

the CIBSE Code for Interior
Lighting Table 4.4, given that the
luminaires will be used for 8
hours per day

LLMF = 0.86
45
 Lumen Method Calculation

Exercise 2 Solution:

Find the LMF at from the CIBSE

Code for Interior Lighting
Table 4.6, given that:
 The luminaires will be cleaned
once per year
 An office is a Normal (N)
cleanliness environment
 The luminaire is CIBSE type
„D‟

LMF = 0.82

46
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2 Solution:
Find the RSMF at from the CIBSE
Code for Interior Lighting
Table 4.7, given that:
 The room surfaces will be
cleaned once per year
 An office is a Normal (N)
cleanliness environment
 The luminaire has a Direct
distribution
RSMF = 0.96

Therefore:
MF = LLMF x LMF x RSMF
MF = 0.86 x 0.82 x 0.96
MF = 0.68
47
 Lumen Method Calculation

Exercise 2 Solution:
4. Rearrange the Lumen Method equation to find the number of luminaires
required:
E(maintained) = (Φ • n • N • MF • UFs) / As
Therefore:
N = Ed• As / (Φ • n • MF • UFs)
(Where Ed is the target illuminance)
Therefore, the number of luminaires required, N depends on:
 Target illuminance, Ed = 350 lux
 Area of working plane, As = 80 m²
 Initial lumens of lamp, Φ = 2600 lumens
 Number of lamps per luminaire, n = 2
 Maintenance factor, MF = 0.68
 Utilisation Factor, UF = 0.53
N = 350 x 80 / (2600 x 2 x 0.68 x 0.53)
N = 15
48
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 2 Solution:
5. Check spacing-to-height ratios and design the lighting layout:
15 Luminaires can be arranged in:
 a 3 x 5 grid
 a 4 x 4 grid (actually 16 luminaires)
 a 2 x 8 grid (actually 16 luminaires)
The most appropriate (and economic) should be selected

Axial Max SHR = 1.50 (Mounting Height = 2.2)

Therefore max. spacing of luminaires end-to-end = 1.5 x 2.2 = 3.3 m

Transverse Max SHR = 1.95

Therefore max. spacing of luminaires side-by-side = 1.95 x 2.2 = 4.29 m

One other thing to consider – the ceiling grid in many office buildings; the
luminaires may have to be spaced according to this.
49
 Lumen Method Calculation

Exercise 2 Solution:
6. Sketch the layout and check the actual maintained
illuminance:

A 3 x 5 grid of 15 Luminaires seems most appropriate (this

is not the only correct answer)
If the ceiling is a typical 600 mm x 600 mm grid, then we
can space the luminaires at 1.8 m in the axial (end-to-
end) direction and 2.4 m in the transverse (side-by-side)
direction as shown in the sketch opposite

Using the original Lumen Method equation, check the

actual maintained illuminance:
E(maintained) = (Φ • n • N • MF • UFs) / As
= (2600 x 2 x 15 x 0.68 x 0.53) / 80
= 351 lux

50
 Lumen Method Calculation
Exercise 3
Lumen Method Calculation (again!)

Use the Lumen Method to design a lighting layout to achieve 300 lux for the following
case:
 Room dimensions: L = 12 m / W = 4 m / H = 2.85 m
 Working Plane = 0.85 m above floor
 Ceiling Reflectance = 50%
 Wall Reflectance = 50%
 Floor Reflectance = 20%
 Cleaning cycle = 2 years
All other parameters are the same as in Exercise 2, including the Luminaire

The Table on the following page can be used to fill in the values during the design.

All required equations and information are given.

51
 Lumen Method Calculation

Area, A (m) LxW

Mounting Height, Hm (m) H - Luminaire suspension - WP Height
Room Index, RI A / (Hm x (L + W)
Utilisation Factor, UF From Manufacturer’s table (use reflectances)
Axial Max. Spacing-to-Height Ratio, SHRa From Manufacturer’s table
Trans. Max. Spacing-to-Height Ratio, SHRt From Manufacturer’s table
Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor, LLMF From CIBSE Table 4.4 (for reference only)
Luminaire Maintenance Factor, LMF From CIBSE Table 4.6
Room Surface Maintenance Factor, RSMF From CIBSE Table 4.7
Maintenance Factor, MF LLMF x LMF x RSMF
Target Maintained Illuminance, Ed (lux) Given 300
Initial Lamp Lumens, Φ (lumens) From Manufacturer’s information 2600
No. Lamps per Luminaire From Manufacturer’s information 2
Number of Luminaires Required, N (Ed x A) / (Φ x n x MF x UF)
Maximum Axial Spacing SHRa x Hm
Maximum Transverse Spacing SHRt x Hm
Actual Number of Luminaires used, Na Design decision
Actual Maintained Illuminance (lux) (Na x Φ x n x MF x UF) / A
 Lumen Method Calculation

Area, A (m) LxW 48.0

Mounting Height, Hm (m) H - Luminaire suspension - WP Height 2.0
Room Index, RI A / (Hm x (L + W) 1.50
Utilisation Factor, UF From Manufacturer’s table (use reflectances) 0.47
Axial Max. Spacing-to-Height Ratio, SHRa From Manufacturer’s table 1.50
Trans. Max. Spacing-to-Height Ratio, SHRt From Manufacturer’s table 1.95
Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor, LLMF From CIBSE Table 4.4 (for reference only) 0.86
Luminaire Maintenance Factor, LMF From CIBSE Table 4.6 0.77
Room Surface Maintenance Factor, RSMF From CIBSE Table 4.7 0.95
Maintenance Factor, MF LLMF x LMF x RSMF 0.63
Target Maintained Illuminance, Ed (lux) Given 300
Initial Lamp Lumens, Φ (lumens) From Manufacturer’s information 2600
No. Lamps per Luminaire From Manufacturer’s information 2
Number of Luminaires Required, N (Ed x A) / (Φ x n x MF x UF) 9.4
Maximum Axial Spacing SHRa x Hm 3.0
Maximum Transverse Spacing SHRt x Hm 3.9
Actual Number of Luminaires used, Na Design decision 10 (2 rows of 5)
Actual Maintained Illuminance (lux) (Na x Φ x n x MF x UF) / A 321
Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations &
Codes

Office Lighting
 CIBSE LG3:2001

 CIBSE Lighting Guide 3 – The

Visual Environment for Display
Screen Use
 Design guidance to ensure a comfortable
environment in spaces with display screens

 Considers glare on screens from

luminaires, daylight and high
contrast
 Includes guidance on luminance limits for
luminaires at various angles to avoid reflections
on computer screens
 Considers screen technology and software
standards

55
 CIBSE LG7: Office Lighting

 CIBSE Lighting Guide 7 –

Office Lighting
 Published 2005

56
 CIBSE LG3:2001 / LG7

 Considers balancing luminances in the visual

field for comfort

57
Lighting Fundamentals, Calculations &
Codes

Lighting Software
 Lighting Software

 Lighting Analysis Software

 LIGHT
- The Arup Standard – should be used for all simple electric
lighting and daylighting analyses
- Has full support within the firm
 Visualisation Software
 Radiance
- Used extensively by Arup Lighting and some others in Arup
 Lightscape, various others

59
 Lighting Analysis Programs

 Important notes about Lighting Analysis Software

 These are tools to assess the performance of a lighting
scheme
 They are not lighting design programs - you must have
designed a scheme to start with, and then the software
allows you to check it
 They simulate the interaction of light within a space using a
technique called Radiosity – they assume all surfaces are
perfectly diffuse
 Input data includes space geometry, surface reflectances,
luminaire data, windows etc.

60
 Lighting Analysis Programs

 LIGHT
 Originally developed in-house and is used extensively in Arup,
upgraded recently by Peters Research
 Extremely flexible, accurate and powerful - the best available
 Analyses daylight and electric lighting
 Analyses interior or exterior lighting
 Can handle complex shaped spaces
 Any luminaire can be modelled
 Outputs illuminance (lux), luminance (cd/m²) or daylight
factors (%)

61
 Lighting Analysis Programs

62
 Lighting Analysis Programs

 How to get LIGHT on your PC

 To download the installation program, go to:
http://www.arup.peters-research.com/light.htm
(Current version: Light Version 12.21)
 Ask your computing network administrator to run the installation program
for you – he needs to log on to your PC as ‘administrator’
 When you run LIGHT for the first time, you will be asked to put in an
unlocking code – to get this emailed to you, click on the button which will
take you to a website where you put in your details
 After you have entered the unlocking code, then you will be free to use the
program

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 Lighting Visualisation

 Computer modelling of spaces to obtain very accurate

results and/or photo-realistic images
 Much more complex to use
 These programs accurately simulate the properties of light
and materials using a technique called Ray-tracing
 Required inputs include complex geometry, accurate
surface colours and material properties, luminaire data,
daylight data etc.
 Radiance is extremely accurate and flexible visualisation
software, but is difficult to use
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Radiance
Radiance
Radiance
 For More Information...

…On Lighting Software

 Contact Jeff Shaw or Arfon Davies, Arup Lighting
 Radiance work is usually carried out by Arup Lighting
(London, Amsterdam, New York, Melbourne)
 To learn Radiance and other visualisation software would
require a secondment to Arup Lighting

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 Lighting on the Intranet

 Lighting Skills Network

http://networks.intranet.arup.com/lsn/
(or navigate from the Intranet homepage to Networks and Communities |
Lighting Skills Network)

 An on-line lighting resource and email forum to ask questions about

lighting and to exchange information and ideas
 Run by Arup Lighting
 Visit the site on the Intranet to join the forum
 Contact Jeff Shaw or Arfon Davies for more information

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 Lighting on the Intranet

 Forum

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 Lighting on the Intranet

 Hyperlight

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