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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures 3e (Gaddis and Muganda)
Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals

2.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following would contain the translated Java byte code for a program named Demo?
A) Demo.java
B) Demo.code
C) Demo.class
D) Demo.byte
Answer: C

2) To compile a program named First, use the following command:

A) java First.java
B) javac First
C) javac First.java
D) compile First.javac
Answer: C

3) A Java program must have at least one of these:

A) Class definition
B) Variable
C) Comment
D) System.out.println(); statement
Answer: A

4) In Java, the beginning of a comment is marked with:

A) //
B) ""
C) ;
D) #
Answer: A

5) The term typically refers to the device that displays console output.
A) standard output device
B) central processing unit
C) secondary storage device
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
D) liquid crystal display
Answer: A

6) In Java, must be declared before they can be used.

A) variables
B) literals
C) key words
D) comments
Answer: A

2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) If the following Java statements are executed, what will be displayed?

System.out.println("The top three winners are\n");

System.out.print("Jody, the Giant\n");
System.out.print("Buffy, the Barbarian");
System.out.println("Adelle, the Alligator");
A) The top three winners are
Jody, the Giant
Buffy, the Barbarian
Adelle, the Alligator
B) The top three winners are
Jody, the Giant\nBuffy, the BarbarianAdelle, the Alligator
C) The top three winners are Jody, the Giant\nBuffy, the BarbarianAdelle, and the Albino
D) The top three winners are
Jody, the Giant
Buffy, the BarbarianAdelle, the Alligator
Answer: D

8) This is a value that is written into the code of a program.

A) literal
B) assignment statement
C) variable
D) operator
Answer: A

9) When the + operator is used with strings, it is known as the:

A) Assignment operator
B) String concatenation operator
C) Addition operator
D) Combined assignment operator
Answer: B

10) What would be printed out as a result of the following code?

System.out.println("The quick brown fox" +

"jumped over the \n"
"slow moving hen.");
A) The quick brown fox jumped over the \nslow moving hen.
B) The quick brown fox jumped over the
slow moving hen.
C) The quick brown fox
jumped over the
slow moving hen.
D) Nothing. This is an error.
Answer: D

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
11) Which of the following is NOT a rule that must be followed when naming identifiers?
A) The first character must be one of the letters a-z, A-Z, and underscore or a dollar sign.
B) Identifiers can contain spaces.
C) Uppercase and lowercase characters are distinct.
D) After the first character, you may use the letters a-z, A-Z, the underscore, a dollar sign, or digits 0-9.
Answer: B

12) Which of the following cannot be used as identifiers in Java?

A) Variable names
B) Class names
C) Key words
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Answer: C

13) In Java, it is standard practice to capitalize the first letter of:

A) Class names
B) Variable names
C) Key words
D) Literals
Answer: A

14) Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type?

A) short
B) long
C) float
D) String
Answer: D

15) Which of the following is valid?

A) float y;
y = 54.9;
B) float y;
double z;
z = 934.21;
y = z;
C) float w;
w = 1.0f;
D) float v;
v = 1.0;
Answer: C

16) The boolean data type may contain values in the following range of values:
A) true or false
B) -128 to + 127
C) - 2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
D) - 32,768 to +32,767
Answer: A

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
17) Character literals are enclosed in ; string literals are enclosed in .
A) single quotes; single quotes
B) double quotes; double quotes
C) single quotes; double quotes
D) double quotes; single quotes
Answer: C

18) What is the result of the following expression?

10 + 5 * 3 - 20
A) -5
B) 5
C) 25
D) -50
Answer: B

19) What is the result of the following expression?

25 / 4 + 4 * 10 % 3
A) 19
B) 5.25
C) 3
D) 7
Answer: D

20) What will be displayed as a result of executing the following code?

int x = 5, y = 20;
x += 32;
y /= 4;
System.out.println("x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
A) x = 32, y = 4
B) x = 9, y = 52
C) x = 37, y = 5
D) x = 160, y = 80
Answer: C

21) What will be the value of z as a result of executing the following code?

int x = 5, y = 28;
float z;
z = (float) (y / x);
A) 5.60
B) 5.6
C) 3.0
D) 5.0
Answer: D

5
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Another document from Scribd.com that is
random and unrelated content:
Palati (from “palatico”, from Mag-oróna
“práctico”) ,,
Paño (cloth) Panapton, pudóng
,,
Pañolito (handkerchief) Modongpódong
,,
Para (for, halt) Basi, ngada, hulat, ocóy,
,, toróoc
Parecer (opinion) Sagbang
,,
Parejo (equal) Sáma, sandag
,,
Paseada (from “paseo”) Lacatlácat
,,
Peligro (danger) Cataragman
,,
Pensar (for talent) Talíno
,,
Perdona (from “perdonar”) Pasaylo
,,
Pero (but) Cundi
,,
Pertina (for “pretina”, waistband) Háuac
,,
Pierde (from “perder” to lose) Lupig, nara
,,
Pintar (to paint) Dum-it, díhog
,,
Pintura (paint) Idirihóg
,,
Plato (plate) Pingan
,,
Platito (a little dish) Lampay
,,
Pliegues (plaits) Lopi
,,
Pobre (poor) Cablas
,,
Polvo (powder) Bócboc
,,
Posta (from “apuesta” bet) Butáng
,,
Precio (price) Pulít
,,
Preparar (to prepare) Pag-andam, pagtíma
,,
Preso (prisoner) Binilangá.
,,
Probar (to taste) Tilao, sari
,,
Propecto (from “perfecto,” perfect) Guinóod
,,
Prueba (proof, evidence) Paacamatóod
,,
Principal (chief, capital) Labáo, pohonan
,,
Provecho (profit) Polós
,,
Puerta (door) Ganghaán
,,
Pulido (neat) Hag-id, mahamis
,,
Puro (pure) Putli, lonlon, sandag, sáhid
,,
Queja (complaint) Sumbong
,,
Querido (dear) Hinigugma, pinalanga
,,
Que ver (for “to do”) Láhot[110]
,,
Quinolá (from colar) Bináchan
,,
Rabenque (from “rebenque”, whipe) Latob, latos
,,
Recibi (from “recibir”) Carauat
,,
Reclamo (claim) Paglánat
,,
Redondo (round) Lipóron, malídong
,,
Regalo (present) Higugma, hatag, bucad
,,
Regular (regular) Igó, socol
,,
Relo, relos (from “reloj” watch, clock) Orasán 1
,,
Remo (oar) Gaód
,,
Renuncio (from “renunciar”, to Pagdiri, pagdiuara
renounce) ,,
Reventa (from “reventar” to explode) Pagbotó
,,
Rico (rich) Mangáran
,,
Rugal (from “lugar”, spot) Caraanan, tuna, umá
,,
Saco (sack) Sopót
,,
Sadá (from “cierra”, close) Locób
,,
Sala (hall) Ruáng
,,
Saya (skirt) Tampí, Talapí
,,
Seguro (for “probably”) Mahámoe, angay la
,,
Señor (Sir, Mister) Guinoo
,,
Sirve (from “servir” to serve) Pagmangno pag-ágad
,,
Suerte (for “talk”) Himangrao
,,
Sustento (maintenance) Pagbubi, iburuhi, cabuhian
,,
Tabla (board) Bugha
,,
Tachar (for “contempt”) Yúbit, támay
,,
Taza (cup) Yahóng
,,
Tiempo (time) Adlao, túig
,,
Tienda (merchandise, store) Baligya, baligyáan
,,
Tieso (stiff) Dángag, tadóng
,,
Tocar (to play) Pagtonóg
,,
Tocador (for glass) Salamíng
,,
Tonto (fool) Lórong, palinqui, pádlas
,,
Trabajo (work) Buhat[111]
,,
Tranea (cross-bar) Síol, Balabág
,,
Tumba (to tumble) Púcan
,,
Vacio (empty) Lungág
,,
Ventana (window) Tambóan
,,
Verde (green) Saguindáhon
,,
Vicio (vice) Casaquihán
,,
Virtud (for “power”) Gahúm
,,
Zurce (for “zurcir” to darn) Pagtábing,
,,

And many others.

CHINESE 2 WORDS

Bochang (for sow) for Cablas

Buísit (unfortunate) Uaray pálad
,,
Camsya (for “thank”) Salámat
,,
Gonggong (foolish) Uaray salabótan
,,
Lamloc (dear, fat) Matamboc
,,
Laotuy (old) Lagás, gurang
,,
Syâ (for eat) Cáon
,,
Sinqui (new) Bag-o
 ,,
Tampuâ (excess, present) Táuad, labis
,,
Uchang (rich) Mangáran
,,
Uísit (fortunate) Paláran.
,,

and some others.

ENGLISH WORDS

Haló (halloo) for Ohó

Miting (“meeting”) Catirócan
,,
Háyc (“hike”) Paglacát, sódoy
,,
Moning (for “money”) Salapí
,,
Sausau (chow-chow) Pagcáon, caraonón
,,

And others.

NOTE.—At present, among the students it is frequent to hear “¿háin an

ac dyografi (geography), an ac arismitic (arithmetic)?” “¿aada ca ha fif
(fifth) greyd (grade)?” “maaram na acó mag espeling (spelling)”—Why
do they not talk in English? [112]

OBSERVATION. There are some Tagalog words and constructions used

in Bisayan; but we do not consider their use as a barbarism, because
Tagalog and Bisayan are both dialects of a common tongue, and because
such use may help the formation of a possible Filipino language.
 FOREIGN CONSTRUCTIONS

Among others, the following is a barbarism in the construction:

“maoroopay iní hitón”, (this is better than that). The use of the
(which is Spanish meaning “than”) is entirely Spanish and is not
necessary in Bisayan, as the mentioned sentence is expressed simply and
with the same strength and more purity and correctness: “maooropáy iní
hitón”.

FOREIGN WORDS NECESSARILY ADOPTED IN BISAYAN

But there are many words now in use in Bisayan the adoption of which
enriches rather then destroys the language. We refer to those words that
have been necessarily imported from other languages to express ideas
not represented by any word, or whose corresponding words are lost in
Bisayan.

We do not consider their use as a barbarism, as it is not considered us

such in English, Spanish, French and other European languages the
adoption of Greek and Latin words. We not only do not criticize such
adoption in the Filipino dialects but rather desire and encourage it,
because it will undoubtedly enable our dialects to be used in all kinds of
scientific and artistic expressions.

Among the foreign words already adopted, the following may be

counted:

D (from the Spanish D ). It is true that we have the Tagálog

B which refers to the omnipotency, and the Bisayan L which
refers to the eternity. But in view of the fact that the word D derived
from the Latin Deus, from the Greek Zeus which means Divinite,
Supreme Being, has been so much used in Bisayan, and it represent
another phase of the attributes of God, we think that the said [113]word
DYOS ought to be adopted in Bisayan, adapting its form to the
inflections of our dialect.

O (from the Spanish “hour”).—We have to adopt this word, as

there is no corresponding expression known in Bisayan. By its adoption
we have a way to avoid the use of , with the derivative
already used.

B (from the Spanish “vapor” steamboat). It has no corresponding in

Bisayan. We have (boat), but it does not include the idea of the
“steam.”

P (from the Spanish “papel”).—It has no corresponding in Bisayan.

The Spanish names of the days of the week, and of the months of the
year, which must be written in Bisayan form, as: LUNES, MARTES,
MYERKOLES, HWEBES, BYERNES, SABADO, DOMINGO,
ENERO, PEBRERO, MARSO, ABRIL, MAYO, JUNYO, HULYO,
AGOSTO, SEPTYEMBRE, OKTUBRE, NOBYEMBRE,
DISYEMBRE.

A (from the English “arrow-root”). A plant. And many others. [115]

1 See “Foreign words necessarily adopted in Bisayan”, infra. ↑

2 We do not refer to those Chinese words imported to Philippines with Chinese objects. Such
words are to be kept necessarily in Bisayan, because their equivalent vernacular expressions,
either are lost, or never existed. ↑
[Contents]
 APPENDIX
[117]

[Contents]

NOTES ON BISAYAN RHETORIC AND POETICS

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Simile. This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary
conversations.

Examples:

1. Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.

Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which
becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.

2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindog

maópay si báyhon—maráot an bántog
igpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,
maópay an panit—olóron an onód

(A popular song,)

Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an

panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.

Metaphor. It is also used, especially in poetry.

Example:

1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáan

sa búquid nanauantáuan
 cun canan Dyos ca pagbut-an
matopóng sa ulasiman.

(A popular song)

Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”,
the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.

Allegory. It is also found in Bisayan.

Example:

Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,

patáy na, layâ si dáhon [118]
nanaringsing sin casáquit
namúng̃a sin camatáyon

(A popular song)

Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already
dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which
sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death
(namúng̃a sin camatáyon).

Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in

Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal
article si.

Example:

Nagtitinang̃is si tucmo
cay tiarábut an bagyo.

(A popular song)

Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed by si. The expression would

lose much of its charm if the article an is employed instead of si.

Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.

Example:

Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindog

maópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.

Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and

“bántog” (fame) are contrasted.

Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.

Example:

Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.
an nagdagmit, uaráy.

Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who
hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English
“slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not),
“naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted. [119]

Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.

Example:

An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.

Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a
bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in
this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.

Synecdoche.

Example:

Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.

Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.”

Here the mouths (baba) a part, is used for person, the whole.
Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.

Example:

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.

tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’an
an iní nga pálad—con diri mabáui
nouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi

(A popular song)

Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if

this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.

Exclamation.

Example:

¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man la

ng̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …
¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,
cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …

(A popular song)

Interrogation.

Example:

Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;

¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …

[120]

sa calibutan uaráy man:

sabali sa panomdoman.

(A popular song)
Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.

Examples:

Macapánas
1. hin buquid. (Man able to level a mountain)
Macasagpo
2. bin bahá. (Man able to suspend a flood)

2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguha

pag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.

(A popular song)

Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut)
which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough
to be used as a seed).

Climax

Example:

¡ .….….…
nanaringsing sin masáquit,
namúnga sin camatáyon.

Irony.

Example:

¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.

Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.

Asyndeton.

Example:

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’an

tabang̃i, buligui, inín may pinas’an, etc.

(A popular song)
Repetition. [121]

Examples:

1.Dirì co cay yubit—diri co cay dáyao

pamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.

(A popular song)

2.Pastilán, bididay—bididay ca man la

ng̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.

(A popular song)

Concatenation.

Example:

Pastilán ca curi—cacuri capinan

capin ca mabide—san bido sa dughan,
dughan co pagílob—ilob calauasan,
láuas co naponò—pono casaquitan.

(A polular song).

[Contents]

PROSE

Of the three universal important forms in prose, i.e., description,

narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.

LETTERS
At present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is
that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.

Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart

from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently
shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.

As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a

routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the
ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This
letter has [122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because
as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.

And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a

paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.

Example:

Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo,
cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.

Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.

This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that

more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence
with these or equivalent ideas and in the same order.

As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.

On the heading it is usually written:

Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.

instead of:

Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.

On the introduction it ordinarily appears

Sr. D .….….….….….….….….….…
or

Sra. D.a .….….….….….….….….….…

Mi estimado amigo:

or

Muy estimada Señora:

The body of the letter is usually as follows:

Uaray lain ng̃a objeto hini ng̃a acon surat, sino an damo ng̃a mg̃a pangomosta ha iyo
ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃a novedad.
[123]

Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray mo inconveniente, gusto co cunta

comadá pag vacacion; pero como guinadvertir mo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a mag
procurar acó hin pag obtener anay han titulo, por eso amo iní ng̃a dirí aco na atrever pag
guican mientras dirí paca aco macacarauát han imo contestation ng̃a pag hatag hin
permiso, bisan cun sobra y basta gud an acon mg̃a deseos pag visita ha iyo. etc.

[Contents]

POETIC FORMS

Of the three main classes of poetry, epic, lyric and dramatic, the lyric is
the only one preserved in Bisayan in the form of popular songs. The
dramatic form is found at present mainly in the translations of Tagalog
and Spanish dramas, usually employed as plays on the Patron’s days in
the towns.

VERSIFICATION

Rhythm and rhyme are observed in Bisayan poems.

The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant
words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.

Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most used in Bisayan poetry:
verses of six syllables, verses of eight syllables, and verses of twelve
syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.

Examples:

Verses of six syllables:

¿Háin ca na, punay?…

cadí na panambo,
tambo madalíay,
liaua si casbo;
basi humalayhay

[124]

inín saquit, bido

nga asay tiónay
san casingcasing co.

Verses of eight sy11ab1es:

Acó iní sugadsugad

san bánua nga tarotánglad,
bisan cun diín italad
mabubuhi cun may palad,

Verses of twelve syllables:

Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógay

di ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;
an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,
nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.
Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd
verses not being rhymed.

Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are

the following:

The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses
being rhymed.

The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.

The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

[Contents]

COLLECTION OF SOME BISAYAN SONGS

NOTE—In transcribing the following songs, we shall use, the

orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only
three vowels: a, i, o.

MORAL POETRY

Si nanay, si tatay di ko babayuán

kay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃
kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.
g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.

Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:

di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;
an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,
g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.
[125]

Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’on

sinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,
kon daw naabot na ira kamatayon
náboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.

Ayaw gani kahihilig

ayaw karirikandikan,
kay di man bagyo an toig,
di man kikilá an bolan.

PHILOSOPHIC POETRY

Mg̃a bitoón sa lag̃it

may mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,
con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,
may malípay, may masákit.

Kahoy ka g̃a linawaán

sa bokid nanawantawan,
kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’an
matopóg̃ sa olasiman.

Di ko ginkakasorok’an
an salapí, an bolawan;
say ko ginkikinahag̃lan
maopay g̃a ginawian.

Sogad gud akó san gamót

g̃a nailarom sa kotkot,
kon kanan Dyos pagboót
malábaw akó san ódlot
 Diri ba ako pagsirig̃.
indayon, paghang̃narig̃,
kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,
harayó an borogkátan.

Guin holát pá an naghinay;

an nag dagmit, waráy.

Waráy hiní balos báyad

bas’la an boót longáyad

LOVE POETRY

An bató bantilis náibas, nákilot

sa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:
¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.
sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.

Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃

sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;
baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,
¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?

An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,

makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:
¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…
¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…

Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinan

kapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;
doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,
láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.

Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man la

ga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:
ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,
kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.

Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapin

san may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:
igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃
bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.

Háin ka na ponay,
kadi na panambo,
tambo madaliay.
liawá si kas’bo.
basi homanáyhay
inin sakit bido
g̃a asáy tiónay
sa kasigkasig ko.

Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.

ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.
opayda kon logarig̃on,
kondi kanan taklobauon.

Akon iglilibaglibag̃
inin kasákit sa doghan
baman ha banig ig matag̃
sakit ga magtitilógag̃.

Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na soranga

kadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogma
ayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akon
asáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon

[126]

Kon boot ka mang̃asáwa

inín barás pag pisia,
di ka g̃ani makapisi
pag toraw na la ganoli.

Kon daw ha kasirig̃anon

tobig ka g̃a irinómon
diri sa dáhon pahonbon,
pahónbon sa doghan nakon

Kon bagá kahoy si lawas

patay na, laya si dahon
nanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákit
namóg̃a sin kamatáyon

Kap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yap

pag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.

Han nákadto ka ha pantaw

akon ka gintitinan-aw
harápit ako matónaw
sa dako g̃a pag kahidlaw

Anó iní g̃a nádoróy

kamasakit, kamakapoy,
an lawas sogád sin káhoy
g̃aginhaharoharópoy

Bohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakan

didto la katikag̃ an karokayakan

Pastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikan

natag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,
gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdan
g̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyan

Han nakadto ka ha lawdon

akon ka gintinan-awon
hapit kó ikaw karawton
ha barás diri patonbon.
Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathom
san pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,
bisan la an todló, an bohók, panapton
kon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,

Hiará ako magnawá

magsakaysakay sa bará
og didto ako hidagsa
sa kam g̃awan g̃a tuna

Katlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlaw

sogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhaw

Kon baga ako si taro

tonáw na sa pag kaálo;
maopay si alimag̃o
kay may pag kalonolóno

Mga lagit, mga lagit,

¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…
sa kalibótan waráy man
sabáli sa panomdoman

Sin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolpon

waráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahon
bis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an
¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…

Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃

sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃
opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhon
maamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

SUNDRY
Adto na si adlaw
linmoyó sa bokid,
oli na, indayon,
kay waray pa tóbig.

Hi nonay g̃a kawayánon

malobaylobay hag̃anon
naglilinakat ha kógon
hi hawak royokdoyókon.

Itón imo baba

g̃a nagyayabora
g̃a nagyiyinákan
sitón lonlun bowa;

kon di ko kahadlok
pághirót sin gaba
pag-oonloton ko
itón imo dila

Akó magtotóon diri ko sasabwan

mangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-an
si akó mátimo di ko poporoton
mangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.

Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,

di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:
di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas ko
tinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.

[127]

An tansman nimo mandig̃

ginsisinólod san kand g̃
an taranman nakikil g̃
kay gin bobowad san baktin.
¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,
an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…
¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,
inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…

Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindog

maópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:
igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,
maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.

Ambot daw ada maorán

si dampog nag̃o odtóhan
bisan la inin pag̃ánod
doróyog tipailáwod

Busa, bayái, balitaw,

ayáw gad tood kay tíaw
iní g̃a akon pagbolaw
igpapahaoli g̃ahaw.

Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kag

sinín palawán g̃a pankag
kay bag̃in, idáy, makárag
dó loktan sinín alámag.

Makadí kamí maoli,

maoli g̃a bagá diri,
naghihiawil pa g̃ani
san ka maopay sangawi

An di ko iginpinólog̃
an kabasólan in akon:
si kahoy di mag torópog̃
may balíko, may matadog̃

Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoy

di mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoy
iní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoy
tinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróy

Diri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayaw

pamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;
an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,
baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.

Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbit

kay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;
an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,
kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.

Busa, bayái, bayái,

bayái ayáw baliki,
bisan dahon sin kamoti
mabobohi kami dinhi.

Abá Lolay, abá Lolay

ligid ligid sinin baybay
kon igkita ka sin away
dalagan, ayaw papátay

Makadí kami maoli

sa baláy g̃a sinorambi
bisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃
maoli kay logarig̃on

An di ko iginkinanta 1
an kabasolán onína;
si kahoy di magsaráma
may baliko, may balísa

An akon pagkinantáhon 1
báyad san akon kináon;
bisan la akó tog̃boyón
g̃a diri oraoráhon.
 Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpon
g̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na hapon
kitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.
máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on

[128]

1 Derived from the Spanish “cantar” (to sing) ↑ a b

[Contents]
 NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGY
It is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived
from a common origin: the Malay tongue.

For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino
dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus
always showing a common origin.

The following lists are short collections of such words.

[Contents]

WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN

TAGALOG

Ako. 1—I
Agaw.—To snatch
Ag̃lit.—A little pot
Amihan.—North wind
Anák.—son, daughter
Anino.—Shadow
Apo.—Grandson, grand-daughter
Apog.—Lime
Asawa.—Wife
Asín.—Salt
aswag̃.—Witch
Atáy.—Liver
Away.—Fight
 B

Baboy.—Pig
Baga.—Red-hot
Bagá.—as, like
Baga.—Lung
Bagon.—To raise
Bantay.—Watch
Bantilis.—A kind of rock
Basa.—To read
Bata.—Child
Bató.—Stone
Bawi.—To recover
Bayabas.—Guava
Bayad.—Pay
Bayáw.—Brother-in-law
Boká.—Open, untied
Bokás.—Open
Bokó.—Knot
Bohók.—Hair
Bog̃a.—Fruit

Kabig.—Pull
Kahoy.—Tree, timber, wood
Kawayan.—Bamboo
Kilala.—To know
Koha.—Take
Kólag̃.—Insufficient
Kota.—Wall