1) must Fill in must or have to:

I must get up early tomorrow morning, I haven’t done You …………..… take a final decision, it’s no use putting
my homework. off things anymore!
We must help our mother with the housework. The two obstinate frogs were told they ………….. end their
You must visit me and see my new flat. feud.
The manager must take measures to ensure safety. I ………….…… deliver the painting earlier than I expected,
Even though I don’t like her, I must admit she’s the my customers want it in a couple of weeks.
most intelligent person I’ve ever met. You ………….…. be 18 to get your driving license.
2) have to I ………………. clean up my room, it looks like a pigsty.
We have to be at school at 8 sharp otherwise our teacher Students …………..…… leave the classroom as clean as it
will scold us. was when they arrived.
Students have to wear blue uniforms in this school. You ………………… give up smoking, it’s not healthy at
You’ll have to pay the tickets in advance. al!!!
We have to be home by 12. You …………………. sign this form, sir!
I’ll have to work next weekend. I …………………. lose weight, I’m so fat!

G A M R
R M A A M R
R M A G
MUST – the obligation comes from the speaker or writer Fill in mustn’t or don’t /doesn’t have to:
of the sentence. It is stronger than HAVE TO and Students ……………….. gossip during classes!
“We ……………….. do our homework if we don’t want to,
indicates urgency. right?” “Wrong!”
HAVE TO – the obligation is external, it comes from You …………………. smoke in here!
outside the speaker, other people decide for the speaker You …………………… talk to strangers!
what to do. My employees ……………….. be late at work. If they are,
they lose their jobs.
HAVE GOT TO – similar in meaning with HAVE TO, You …………………. try so hard, after all it’s only a
used in spoken English. friendly match!
MUSTN’T – prohibition. You …………………. do it if you don’t feel like!
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DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO – lack of obligation and Bring me the book when you have finished it, you ………
……….. give it to me right away.
necessity. I love holidays because I ………………….. get up early.
HAD TO – obligation in the past. In this sport one ……………… commit excesses if he / she
MUST + perfect infinitive – deductions about the past has high aspirations.
not past obligation (He must have arrived.) Students …………….. be rude to their teachers!
 TALKING ABOUT NECESSITY AND OBLIGATION.
RULES PRACTICE
MUST/HAVE TO AT THE ZOO

HAVE TO and MUST mean it’s Children _______ 1 be supervised.

necessary to do something. In Visitors ________ 2feed the animals.
American English have to is If you see a person in immediate danger, you _____ 3
more common. Often it doesn’t contact Zoo staff immediately.
matter which one is used: You ________________4 to pay for a ticket if you’re
I must/have to leave now. under six years old.

MUST
AT SCHOOL
Sometimes MUST is about Students ___________ 5 to wear uniforms, but they
personal obligation. The speaker ___________ 6 respect the property and equipment
feels it’s necessary for him or of the school and others.
his listener to do something. Every student _______7 be serious, honest,
You must stop offering me these responsible, polite and neat in appearance.
cookies. In Japan, students _________8 forget to sweep the
hall floors before they go home at the end of the day.
DON’T NEED TO/
DON’T HAVE TO
TRAFFIC RULES
DON’T/DOESN’T NEED TO...
means it’s not necessary to do You _______ 9 stop when the traffic light is red.
something. You ______10 turn right. Look at the sign!
You don’t need to hurry to cross Traffic wardens _________ 11 be patient but firm
the street. There’s plenty of with negligent drivers.
time. Cyclists ___________12cycle on the pavement.
In England you _________13 drive on the left.
MUSTN’T

MUSTN’T means it is CAMPING RULES

ABSOLUTELY necessary NOT TO
DO something. Trees _________ 14 be cut down, nor wood removed
You mustn’t cross the road. from live trees.
You must wait for the green light. All fires ______ 15 be within the built fireplaces.
Water is metered and _____ 16 be paid for, so you
HAVE TO _____ 17 ensure all taps are turned off after use.

HAVE TO is sometimes used to

describe an obligation that comes BABYSITTING
from ‘outside’.
Your doctor says you have to A babysitter _____ 18 know that she/he _______ 19
stop smoking. open the door if someone he/she doesn’t know wants
SOURCES: to come in. If the person doesn’t go away, he’ll/she’ll
Murphy R. English Grammar in ____________20 call the police.
Use. C.U.P. 1999
Swan, Michael. Practical English
Usage. O.U.P. 1996

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1. Complete the sentences with “can” or “can’t”:
1. ___________ I go to the toilet, please?
2. Crocodiles ____________ swim very fast.
3. I _______________ go to discos because I’m too young.
4. _____________ you ski? No, I _____________.
5. We ____________ do the exercise. It’s too difficult.
6. Penguins ________________ fly.

2. Complete the sentences with “must” or “mustn’t”:

1. We ______________ eat in the classroom.
2. I ___________________ do my homework every day.
3. Students ______________ bring their mobile phones to school.
4. You ______________ use your books in an exam.
5. You ______________ wash your hands before eating.
6. You _______________ eat too much fast food.

3. Complete the sentences with “can”, “can’t”, “must” or “mustn’t”:

1. Give me my glasses. I ______________ see anything.

2. I ______________ this homework. I don’t understand anything.
3. Jessica is very talented. She _____________ play three instruments.
4. You _____________ smoke in hospitals.
5. Juan __________ speak English very well because he lived in England
when he was young.
6. You _________________ talk during exams.
7. Children _______________ obey their parents.
8. My sister is three months old. She _____________ walk yet.
9. ____________ you speak French?
10. We ___________ go to the zoo because it’s raining.

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