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© Erkam Publications 2013 / 1434 H

Erkam Publications
İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi
Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1.Kısım No:60/3-C
Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: (+90 212) 671 07 00 pbx
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reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permisson of the
copyright owner.

ISBN: 978-9944-83-493-3

A translation of "Abdest, Gusül ve Namaz Öğreniyorum"

The author : Asim Uysal

Translator : Joseph Shamis
Copy Editor : Suleyman Derin
Graphics : Rasim Şakiroğlu (Worldgraphics)
Printed by : Erkam Printhouse
 Let’s Learn About
Wudu’, Ghusl, and Salah

By Asim Uysal

ERKAM
PUBLICATIONS

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“Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim”

b
“In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.”

Basmalah
Allah is our first word.
Our essence is full of iman.
When I wake every morning,
I hurry to say bismillah.
When I eat or drink something,
Or open my book,
I turn to my Lord,
And strength comes to my heart,
It never falls from my tongue,
Allah holds my hand.

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Religious Knowledge Through Questions and Answers o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Religious Knowledge Through Questions

and Answers
Who is your Lord? Allah.
Who made you? Allah made me.
Whose servant are you? Allah’ servant.
Where did we come from and where are we going? We
came from Allah and we’re returning to Allah.
Why were we created? To serve and worship Allah.
What must people do in their service? Worship Allah,
obey the Prophet, and live Allah’s religion on the earth,
letting it dominate all their lives.
Since when were we Muslims? Since “Qalu bala” we have
been Muslims, alhamdulillah.
What does “Qalu bala” mean? Before Allah, the Exalted,
created the world, he created the souls of all people (those
that have come and those that will come), gathered them
into his presence and asked them:
“Alastu bi rabbikum” (Am I not your Lord?)
Then the souls replied
“Yes, You are our Lord,” they replied, actually pledging
“We will serve You and hope for Your help.”
The time of this conversation is called the “Qalu Bala.”
How many is Allah? Allah is one.
What is your religion? Islam.
Your book? The Quran “al-Karim.”
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Your qibla? The Ka‘ba.

From whose line of descent are you? From Adam’s (Peace
be upon him).
From whose community are you? From the community
of Muhammad (pbuh).
What was his father’s name? Abdullah.
What was his mother’s name? Amina.
What was his wet-nurse’s name? Halima.
What was his grandfather’s name? Abdulmuttalib.
What was his uncle’s name? Abu Talib.
Where was our prophet born? In Mecca.
When was he born? In 571 A.D.
When did the mother and father of our prophet die? Our
prophet’s father died two months before he was born. Our
prophet’s mother died when he was six years old.
How old was he when his prophethood began? His
prophethood began when he was 40 and carried out his
prophetic duties for 23 years.
How old was our prophet when he died? He left for the
afterlife when he was 63.
Where is the grave of our prophet? In Medina.
How many children did our prophet have? Seven.
His daughters were Zaynab, Ruqiyya, Um Kulthum, and
Fatimah.
His sons were Qasim, Abdullah, and Ibrahim.
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Religious Knowledge Through Questions and Answers o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Except for Fatimah, all our prophet’s children died during

his lifetime.
What are the prophet’s wives to us? Our mothers, the
mothers of all Muslims.
Who was his first wife? And who was his last? His first
wife was Khadijah, and his last wife was A‘ishah.
How many grandchildren did our prophet have? He had
two grandsons, Hasan and Husayn, and two granddaughters,
Zaynab and Umm Kulthum.
Whose children were they? They were the children of Ali
and Fatimah.

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32 Fards
Iman (Belief): Iman is confirmation with the heart and
confessing with the tongue. That is to say, confirmation with
the heart of everything that the Prophet (pbuh) brought
from Allah and saying this with the tongue.

(Amantu) The Pillars of Belief: 6

1- Belief in Allah’s existence and oneness.
2- Belief in Allah’s angels.
3- Belief in the books sent by Allah.
4- Belief in Allah’s prophets.
5- Belief in the Last Day and the Resurrection after
death.
6- Belief that the Good and the Bad come from Allah.

The Pillars of Islam: 5

1- Saying the shahadah.
2- Fasting in Ramadan.
3- Praying five times a day.
4- Making the Hajj, if it is fard (necessary) for you.
5- The paying of zakat (charity) by the rich on their
wealth, once a year.

The Fards (necessary obligations) for Wudu’ (ablutions):

4
1- Washing the face once.
2- Washing the arms up to and including the elbows.
3- Wiping a quarter of the head.
4- Washing the feet up to the ankles.

The Fards of Ghusl (greater ablutions): 3

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32 Fards o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1- Rinsing the mouth with lots of water.

2- Cleaning the nose, taking water up the nasal passages.
3- Washing the whole body, leaving no place dry.

The Fards of Tayammum: 2

1- First, make the niyyah (intention) for tayammum.
2- Second, strike clean earth with your hands and wipe
the face, then strike again and wipe your arms.

The Fards of Salah (the Prayer): 12

Six are for Before the Prayer, Six are for After

a- The Conditions of Salah (Before):

1- Purification from hadath (spiritual impurities):
Washing away hadath, spiritual impurities that cannot be
seen with the eye, with wudu’, ghusul, and/or tayammum.
2- Purification from najasat (physical impurities):
Washing away physical impurities that may be seen with the
eye from the body, the clothes, and the place of prayer.
3- Satru l-‘awrah (Covering of the Body): Covering the
parts of the body that, according to religious law, must not
be seen. For men, from the navel to the knees; for women,
everything should be covered except the hands, face, and
feet.
4- Turning to the Qiblah (direction of prayer): Facing the
qiblah during prayer.
5- Time: Praying each prayer during its prescribed time.
6- Niyyah (intention): Making the intention to pray the
desired prayer.

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b- The Conditions of Salah (During the Prayer):
1- The opening takbir (“Allahu Akbar”): Starting the
prayer with “Allahu Akbar.”
2- Qiyam (Standing): Standing while praying (if one is
not disabled).
3- Qira’ah (Recitation): Reciting the Quran during the
prayer.
4- Ruku‘ : Bowing
5- Sujud: Prostrating
6- Qa’datu l-Ahirah (Final sitting): Sitting at the end of
the prayer until saying “At-tahiyyat.”
Fard: The things that Allah commands are the fards, such as
salah, fasting, and zakah. It is haram to avoid doing something
that is fard. Someone who denies a fard is removed from the
religion.
Sunnah: The words and deeds that, with the intention
of worship, our beloved Prophet (pbuh) did often, very
infrequently left undone, and recommended for us are the
sunnahs.
Haram: The things that are forbidden, such as the drinking
alcohol and the revealing of the hair by women to strange
men, are haram. The refraining from things that are haram
is rewarded. Someone who does things that are haram is a
sinner. Someone that intentionally disbelieves exits from the
religion.

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Wudu’ o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cleanliness for the Bathroom

- Before entering the toilet, roll up your pant cuffs so they

don’t get sprayed with urine, and don’t pee standing up.
- Don’t eat or drink anything, and don’t talk.
- Enter the bathroom with your left foot; exit with the
right.
Cleanliness for the bathroom: Clean yourself with your
left hand and use lots of water. If there is no water, you can
use something else that is appropriate.
Praying Muslims must careful attention to this type of
cleanliness.

Wudu’
Wudu’ is the washing of the hands, arms up to and
including the elbows, and the feet, and the wiping of one
quarter of the head.
The taking of wudu’: If possible,
turn towards the qiblah.
Say, “I intend to take wudu’. A‘udhu
billahi min ash-shaytani r-rajim (I
take refuge in Allah from Satan, the
accursed).”
Then, wash the hands to the wrists
three times in a row. While you’re
washing your hands, try not to leave
any dry spots between your fingers. If
you’re wearing any rings, move them
around so water can get under.
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Take water into your mouth with your right hand, rinse
it, then spit it out three times. Brush your teeth with a miswak
or toothbrush, if you have one. If not, use your right thumb
and shahadah finger.

Next, take water into your nose from your right hand
three times. Use your left hand to clean it.

Wash your face, from where the hair ends to the chin,
three times.

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Wudu’ o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wash your arms, first the right, then the left, from and
including the elbows, three times.

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Wipe one quarter of your head with the wetted palm of

your right hand.

Wipe the inside of your ears with your index fingers, and
the back with your thumbs.

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Wudu’ o -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wipe the neck with the back of your fingers.

Wash the right foot, starting with smallest toe, then the
left foot, up to the ankles, three times.

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Thus, finishing wudu, it is sunnah to take water with the

right hand and drink while standing.
After taking wudu it is very good to turn towards the
qibla and say the kalimat ash-shahada and to read the chapter
“Inna anzalnahu” three times.
The Fards of Wudu:
1- Washing your face once,
2- Washing your hands, up to and including the elbows
once,
3- Wiping one quarter of the head,
4- Washing your feet up to the ankles one time.
The Sunnahs of Wudu:
1- Making the intention to take wudu,
2- Starting with a‘udhu and bismillah,
3- Firstly, washing the hands to the wrists,
4- Cleaning the mouth with a miswaq and brush, or
scrubbing the teeth with the thumb and index finger,
5- Washing all the parts before one dries,
6- Scrubbing the washed parts well,
7- Taking in water to the mouth and spitting it out each
time,
8- When not fasting, filling the mouth with water and
rinsing it around,
9- Taking water into the nose three times and taking it out
by blowing the nose using the left hand, when not fasting using
lots of water,
10- Taking care to go in order,
11- Washing each part three times,
12- Starting with the tips of the fingers and toes when
cleaning the hands and feet,
13- Opening the fingers and toes,
14- Rubbing the beard, for someone who usually has a
beard,

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Tayammum o --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15- Moving around rings if there are any on the fingers,

16- Wiping the ears.
Things that Nullify Wudu:
1- Filth or gas coming from the private parts.
2- Blood and pus, or blood and pus mixed with yellow
liquid coming from the body.
3- Throwing up a mouthful (a spits worth does not nullify
your wudu).
4- A spits worth or more of blood coming from the
mouth.
5- Falling asleep while lying or leaning.
6- Fainting or becoming drunk.
7- Laughing loud enough while praying so that the person
next to you can hear.
8- Nail polish obstructs wudu and ghusl because water
cannot pass under it.
Acts of Worship that Cannot be Done Without Wudu:
1- Salah may not be performed.
2- The Quran may not be touched.
3- Tawwaf around the Ka‘bah may not be performed.
4- The Sajdah of Tilawah may not be done.
Tayammum
Tayammum is the wiping of your
face and hands after touching clean
ground.
Tayammum is done as follows:
First the a‘udhu and basmala are said.
Then the intention is made saying,
“To be clean from impurities.” Then,
the fingers are opened, and the
palms of the hands are lightly struck

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against clean earth or against something made from earth.

Then the hands are first placed forward, then slid back over
the ground.
Note: Tayammum is done the same way by men and
women.
The hands are first placed forward, then slid back over
the ground.
The Fards of Tayammum:
1) Making the niyyah (intention): The intention is
made by saying, “I intend to make wudu, to be cleansed of
impurities, or to perform the salah.”
2) Two strikes: First clean earth is struck with the hands and
the face is wiped. Then they are struck again and the arms, up to
and including the elbows, are wiped.
The Sunnahs:
1) Starting with
the basmala.
2) Putting the
hands on the
ground with
open fingers.
3) Rubbing the
hands first to
front, then sliding
them back.
4) Performing it
in order and not
taking breaks
between steps.

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Tayammum o --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Taking the hands up, they may be lightly hit together to

shake them off.
Every place on the face should be wiped with the palms
of the hands.
Next, you should strike the earth again with the palms of
your hands. First, separate the thumb and index finger of the
left hand, and with the remaining three fingers of the palm
wipe the inner side of the right arm up to and including the
elbow.
Next, wipe the outer side of the right arm with the
separated thumb and index finger of the left hand.
In the same way, this time using the right hand, wipe the
right arm.
Next, with the thumb and index finger of the right hand,
wipe the outer part of the right arm.
In this way, leaving no place on the face and hands
unwiped, tayammum is done according to the fards and the
sunnahs .

Conditions Making Tayammum Necessary:

Any impure or menstruating person may make
tayammum for these reasons:
1- Water is a long distance away (approximately 3,032
meters distant).
2- Because of illness.
3- Because of the cold.
4- For fear of enemies.
5- If because of a lack of water or because of a lack of
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instruments, you are unable to use a sufficient amount of

water for cleaning, you may do tayammum. If you want, you
may stay in the city. It makes no difference.
If you are wearing rings, you must either take them off or
move them around when you are doing tayammum.

Ghusl
Ghusl is the washing of the whole body.
The fards of ghusl are three:
1- Madmada: the taking of lots of water into the mouth
up to the throat and rinsing.
2- Istinshaq: the cleaning of the nose by taking up water
into the nasal passages.
3- Washing the body so that absolutely no dry spot
remains.
For madmada it is also sufficient to drink a mouthful of
water.

The Sunnahs of Ghusl:

1- Washing the hands and the wrists three times,
2- Washing the private parts,
3- Washing dirt off the body, if there is any,
4- Taking wudu like you take wudu for salah,
5- Washing the whole body three times.
6- Before ghusl, pouring water three times over the head,
three times over the right shoulder, three times over the left
shoulder, and other places,
7- Beginning with the intention in your heart and by
saying “to remove the state of impurity” or “ghusl for the
state of impurity.”
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Ghusl o ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8- Saying the basmala while washing your hands,

9- Using a normal amount of water, neither too much,
nor too little,
10- While doing ghusl, being careful not to expose your
private parts. Be especially careful to protect your private
parts in public baths,
11- Scrubbing all parts well while washing,
12- Doing ghusl in an area where no one will see you,
13- Not talking while doing ghusl is mustahab (an action
rewarded).
14- Not facing the qiblah while doing ghusl.

Performing Ghusl According to the Fards, Sunnahs, and

Proper Etiquette (adab):
Someone wanting to perform ghusl should first say the
basmala with the intention of supplication, then make the
intention to do ghusl. They should wash their hands to the
wrists, and if there is anything stuck or dried on them they
should clean it off. Then, if there is any dirt or filth around
the privates or thighs, they should wash it off. Whether or
not there is any filth, they should wash.
Next, taking water into the right hand, one should take
water into the mouth and rinse the whole mouth, back to the
throat, and between the teeth three times. Next, again from the
right hand, one should suck water up the nose three times.
To rid the inside of the nose of any dirt or snot, each time
one should blow out the nose into the left hand.
After that, one should take wudu like one takes wudu for
salah. If water collects where one is standing, one shouldn’t
wash the feet while taking wudu. After ghusl, as one is stepping

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out, they may be washed. After doing wudu, one washes the
body, pouring water three times, first on the head, then the
on right shoulder, then the left. One also washes the navel
and any closed earring holes. One rubs the hair, letting the
water pass to the roots. If there are any wounds on the body
with bandages on them, if it would be harmful to take them
off, then one may let water soak in through the bandages. If
that would be harmful, then they may be wiped. If wiping
would be harmful, then one may leave off that also and wipe
only over the bandage.

The Benefits of Ghusl:

Ghusl helps with the electrical balance of the body. It
normalizes blood circulation and tension. It ensures that the
pores in the skin breathe easily.

Conditions Making Ghusl Necessary

Ghusl is necessary for women after menstruation and
childbirth and for men in a state of impurity.
While performing ghusl, if water reaches to the roots of a
woman’s hair, it is not necessary for her to undo her braids,
if she has any. It is sufficient to wet the roots of the braided
hair. If the braids are undone, however, it is fard (necessary)
to wash everything.
During ghusl, it is necessary to move around rings and
women’s earrings.
After taking water into the mouth and nose, in a 45-50
square meter, still water pool, wash yourself moving the whole
body three times.
If there is flowing water, wudu and ghusl may be done
without moving the body.
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The Adhan o -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If, on or under the nails, there is dough, nail polish,

or anything that prevents water from reaching the skin, it
prevents the ghusl from being complete.

Things that are Haram for Someone in a State of Greater

Ritual Impurity
1- A person in a state of greater ritual impurity,
menstruating women, or women who have postnatal
bleeding may not enter a mosque.
2- They may not read The Quran.
3- They may not touch The Quran.
4- They may not circumambulate the Ka‘ba.
5- They may not pray.
6- They may not fast.

Special Matters Related to Women

1- Menstruation,
2- Postnatal bleeding,
3- Withdrawal Bleeding (False Period)
Note: For more information on special matters related to
women, see İzahlı Kadın İlmihali Ansiklopedisi, by Asim and
Müşide Uysal.

The Adhan
Allahu Akbar (God is Great), four times.
Ash hadu an la illaha illa Allah (I bear witness there is
no god but God), two times.
Ash hadu anna Muhammadan rasulu Allah (I bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God), two
times.
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Hayya ‘alas salah (Come fast to the prayer), two times.

Hayya ‘alal falah (Come fast to salvation), two times.
Allahu Akbar (God is Great), two times.
La ilaha illa Allah (There is no god but God), one time.
During the adhan for fajr prayer, after “hayya ‘ala falah,”
“as-salatu khayru min an-nawn” is said twice. (meaning
worship is better than sleep).
For the iqama (the call immediately before the prayer),
“qad qamati s-salah” is said twice.
The iqama is said quickly. The adhan is recited loud with
high volume so the Muslims in the area can hear.
This is the prayer to be said after the adhan:
Allahumma rabba hadhihi d-da‘wati t-tammati, was-
salatti l-qa’imati, ati sayyidana Muhammadani l-wasilata
wa l-fadilata, wa d-darajata r-rafi‘ata, wa b‘thhu maqaman
mahmudani lladhi wa‘dtahu. Innaka la tukhlifu l-mi‘ad.

Story: What Does Allah Want from Us?

Ahmet was in the yard helping his father mow the grass.
His father said:
“Son, would you bring me a glass of water?”
As his father was drinking his water, the adhan began.
“Thanks Ahmet,” said his father. “You did what I wanted,
now Allah wants something from us.”
With confusion in his eyes, Ahmet looked at his father.
“Allah wants something from us, Father?” he said.
“Yes, son.”
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The Adhan o -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

“But I don’t hear anything”

“Hey, you hear the adhan.”
“Yes, but…”
“Son, the things Allah wants from us are made heard in
different ways. For example, the adhan reminds Muslims
about the command, “Pray!” You hear this command at
every time of prayer.

The Prayer (Salat) is not Set in the Desert

The prayer is not set in the desert; you should pray every
day
The Muslim does not set his prayer back one day.
Fajr, zuhr, ‘asr, maghrib, ‘isha, five times,
Stop for the prayer, let all filth drain away!
The insides of people who pray are filled with light,
The light in the faces of people who don’t pray fades
away.
The prayer means coming to the presence of Allah,
Talking with Allah, reaching His light.
Taking wudu’, clean yourself, become totally clean early;
You must become accustomed to cleanliness as a child;
A clean person is healthy, protected from illness,
Living well, laughing, as anyone who is clean.
M.Ş. Yaltkaya

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The Prayer (Salah)

The Punishment for not Praying:

In a hadith of the Prophet (pbuh), it is related:
“A person who does not pray is between kufr (unbelief)
and shirk (polytheism). That is to say, not praying is a
passage leading to kufr. There is a way to kufr in not
praying.”
In Islam, there is absolutely no abandoning of the prayer.
Even the sick do not have permission to abandon the prayer. The
way that the sick pray will be explained below. In Islam, there is
also no permission to abandon the prayer for those in war.
Just as there is a punishment for not praying, there is also
a heavy punishment for praying without proper etiquette.
Such people are called as thieves of the prayer. Among those
thieves of the prayer are: those who move before the imam,
those who do not fully move to bow and prostrate, etc.
In a hadith, the Prophet (pbuh) said:
“The worst thief among men is he who steals from his
prayer.”

The Times and Numbers of the Five Daily Prayers

1- Salatu l-fajr: The time for this prayer continues until
sunrise.
It is four rak‘ahs, two sunnah and two fard.
2- Salatu z-zuhr: The time for this prayer is when the sun
comes to the very middle of the sky.
It is ten rak‘ahs, four sunnah, four fard, and two sunnahs
afterward.
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The Prayer (Salah) o -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- Salatu l-‘asr: The time for this prayer begins when

everything’s shadow is two times its height.
It is eight rak‘ahs, four sunnah and four fard.
4- Salatu l-maghrib: The time for this prayer begins when
the sun sets. It is five rak‘ahs, three fard and two sunnah.
5- Salatu l-‘isha’: The time for this prayer begins when
Salatu l-maghrib ends, and it continues until the start of
Salatu l-fajr. It is thirteen rak‘ahs, four for the first sunnah,
four fard, two sunnah afterward, and three for Salatu l-witr
(witr being wajib).

Salatu l-witr: This is done during the time of Salatu

l-‘isha’. Salatu l-witr is always done after Salatu l-‘isha’.
Fard Salah: Prayers that we pray as commanded by
Allah.
Sunnah Salah: Prayers that the Prophet (pbuh)
commanded and advised his followers to pray.
Wajib Salah: Between these two degrees.
Nafilah Salah: Prayers made to bring one closer to Allah.

Times in which it is Makruh to Pray

1- During Sunrise: If the sun rises while you are praying
Salatu l-fajr, your prayer is nullified. It is makruh to pray
until 45 minutes after sunrise.
2- Zawwal: Meaning 45 minutes before Salatu z-zuhr.
3- Ghurub: Meaning sunset. 45 minutes before the adhan.
However it is permissible to pray the fard for Salatu l-‘asr for
that day while the sun is setting.

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How to Pray the Sunnah Prayers for Salatu l-Fajr
1) After making
wudu’, turning to the
qiblah, standing straight
on your feet, make your
intention by saying:
“For the sake of Allah,
I intend to pray the sunnah
(or “fard” for the fard) for
Salatu l-fajr.”

The Prayer Posture and the Making of Intention:

When beginning the first rak‘ah, the body should be
relaxed, the eyes set on the place of prostration, and the feet
a distance of four fingers apart.

Making the Takbir

2) After making your intention, say “Allahu Akbar”
raising your hands up
to the level of your ears.
The palms of your hands
should be facing the qiblah
as much as possible. Then
move your hands from the
level of your ears and hold
them below the navel.
Women make the takbir
by raising the fingertips to
the level of the chin in line
with the shoulders.

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Qiyam (standing) and Qira‘ah (reciting)

3) After making
the takbir, the right
hand is placed over
the left with the
right hand’s thumb
and pinky fingers
wrapped like a
bracelet around the
left wrist.
Women, after
making the takbir,
place their hands
over the breast, with
their fingers held
together.

4) After placing the hands above the breast, in a very soft

voice, the subhanaka is said:
“Allahu Akbar. Subhanaka Allahumma wa be hamdik,
wa tabaraka smuk, wa ta‘ala jadduk, wa la ilaha ghayruk.”
5) Next, the a‘udhu-basmala is said, followed by the
Fatihah (Opening) Surah:

ِ ِ َّ ‫َا ُ ُذ ِא ّٰ ِ ِ َ ا َّ ْ َ אنِ ا‬
“A‘udhu billahi mina sh-shaytani r-rajim.

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{١} ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬

{٢} ‫ا ْل َح ْمدُ ل ّل ِه َر ِّب ا ْل َعا َلمِ َين‬
{٣} ‫مـن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬ ِ ‫ال َّر ْح‬
{٤} ‫َمال ِِك َي ْو ِم الدِّ ِين‬
{٥} ‫ِين‬ ُ ‫إِ َّي َاك َن ْع ُبدُ وإِ َّي َاك ن َْس َتع‬
{٦} ‫المس َتق َِيم‬ُ ‫الص َر َاط‬ ِّ ‫اهدِ نَــــا‬
‫وب‬ َ ‫مت عَ َلي ِه ْم َغي ِر‬
ُ ‫الم‬
ِ ‫غض‬ َ ‫ِص َر َاط ا َّلذِ َين َٔان َع‬
{٧} ‫الضا ِّل َين‬ َّ ‫عَ َلي ِه ْم َو َلا‬
Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim. Al-hamdu lillahi
Rabbi l-‘alamin. Ar-Rahmani r-Rahim. Maliki yawmi
d-din. Iyyaka na‘budu wa iyyaka nasta‘in. Ihdina s-sirati
l-mustakim. Sirat alladhina an‘amta ‘alayhim. Ghayri
l-maghdubi ‘alayhim wa la d-dallin. Amin.”

6) After the Fatihah a short surah is read, for example:

{١} ‫إِنَّا َٔاعْ َط ْي َن َاك ا ْل َك ْو َث َر‬

{٢} ‫َف َص ِّل ِل َر ِّب َك َوان َْح ْر‬
{٣} ‫إ َِّن َشا ِنئ ََك هُ َو ال َٔا ْب َت ُر‬
“Inna a’taynaka l-kawthar. Fasalli li rabbika wanhar.
Inna shani’aka huwa l-abtar.”

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Bowing (Ruku‘)
7) After the recitation of The Quran (The Fatihah and
another surah) is finished, say “Allahu Akbar” and bow. In
the bowing position (ruku‘) keep your head level with your
tailbone. Keep the waist straight. The eyes should be set on
the ends of the feet. The elbows should not be bent. While
in ruku‘, you should say “Subhana Rabbiya l-‘azim.” This
formula may be read three, five, or seven times.

As for women, they bend

slightly less in the bowing position.
They keep their fingers together
and slightly bend their knees.
They put their hands straight over
their knees.

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Standing: after straightening up from the bowing

position, stand straight.

8) As you are straightening from the bowing position,

say “Sami‘a Allahu liman hamdidah.” After straightening,
say “Rabbana laka l-hamd.” Stand thus for a short time, then
saying “Allahu Akbar” move into prostration.

Prostration (Sajdah)
9) As you enter into sajdah
(prostration), place, in this order,
your knees, then hands, then your
forehead and nose on the floor.
Keep your fingers together, and
keep your hands right beside your
face. Keep your feet together and
never take your toes off the ground.
Your fingers and toes face the qiblah.
Your knees should be far from the
belly. Your elbows should not fall to
the floor or connect with your belly.
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Women, while in
prostration, should
touch their elbows to
the floor and not hold
their legs apart. While
in sajdah, say “Subhana
Rabbiya l-a‘la” three
times.

10) After sajdah, while saying “Allahu Akbar,” straighten

out into a sitting position. This sitting is called “jalsah.” In
this position, sit on your left foot while it lies pointing to the
right. Hold the right foot vertical with the toes connected to
the ground. Put your hands on your knees. Stay as long as it
takes to say one time “subhan Allah.”

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Women, while sitting, do not hold their right feet

vertical, both feet lie facing the right. Afterwards, saying
“Allahu Akbar,” enter the second prostration. Again, say
again “Subhana Rabbiya l-a‘la” three times.

The Second Rak‘ah

11) Next, saying “Allahu Akbar” (lifting first the
forehead, then the hands, then the knees), without sitting,
rise to your feet for the second rak‘ah. Hold your hands
together above your naval and stand still. In this way the first
rak‘ah for the sunnah of Salatu l-fajr is completed and the
second one begun.

Standing and Reciting in the Second Rak‘ah

In the second rak‘ah “subhanaka” is not said. After holding
the hands together, say “Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim.”
Then, as in the first rak‘ah the Fatihah is recited and another
surah or three ayahs are read.
{١} ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
{٢} ‫ا ْل َح ْمدُ ل ّل ِه َر ِّب ا ْل َعا َلمِ َين‬
{٣} ‫مـن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬ ِ ‫ال َّر ْح‬
{٤} ‫َمال ِِك َي ْو ِم الدِّ ِين‬
{٥} ‫ِين‬ ُ ‫إِ َّي َاك َن ْع ُبدُ وإِ َّي َاك ن َْس َتع‬
{٦} ‫المس َتق َِيم‬ ُ ‫الص َر َاط‬ ِّ ‫اهدِ نَــــا‬
‫وب‬ َ ‫مت عَ َلي ِه ْم َغي ِر‬
ُ ‫الم‬
ِ ‫غض‬ َ ‫ِص َر َاط ا َّلذِ َين َٔان َع‬
{٧} ‫الضا ِّل َين‬ َّ ‫عَ َلي ِه ْم َو َلا‬

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Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahimm. Al-Hamdu lillahi

rabbi l-‘alamin. Ar-Rahmani r-Rahim. Maliki yawmi
d-din. Iyyaka na‘budu wa iyyaka nasta‘in. Ihdina s-sirata
l-mustakim. Sirata lladhina an‘amta ‘alayhim. Ghayri
l-maghdubi ‘alayhim wa la d-dallin. Amin.

{١} ‫ُق ْل هُ َو ال َّل ُه َٔا َح ٌد‬

{٢} ُ‫الص َمد‬ َّ ‫ال َّل ُه‬
{٣} ْ‫َل ْم َي ِلدْ َو َل ْم ُيو َلد‬
{٤} ‫َو َل ْم َي ُكن َّل ُه ُك ُفو ًا َٔا َح ٌد‬
Surat al-ikhlas: Qul huwa Allahu ahad. Allahu s-Samad.
Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakullahu kufuwan
ahad.

Bowing (Ruku‘)
12) Next, saying “Allahu Akbar move to the ruku‘
(bowing) position. In ruku‘ say, “Subhana Rabbiya l-‘azim”
three times. Then saying “Sami‘a Allahu liman hamidah”
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stand back up. After saying

“Rabbana laka l-Hamd,”
say “Allahu Akbar” and
prostrate.

As for women, they bend slightly

less in the bowing position. They keep
their fingers together and slightly
bend their knees. They put their hands
straight over their knees.

Prostrating (Sajdah)
13) Next, after saying
in the sajdah (prostration)
position“Subhana Rabbiya
l-a‘la” three times, say “Allahu
Akbar” and straighten up
to the sitting position. Then
repeat “Allahu Akbar” and
move to the second sajdah. Say again
three times “Subhana Rabbiya l-a‘la.”
Then say “Allahu Akbar” and move
back to the sitting position for the “Tahhiyyat.”

Women, while in
prostration, should touch their
elbows to the floor and not
hold their legs apart. While in
sajdah, say “Subhana Rabbiya
l-a‘la” three times.
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The Tahiyyat
After sajdah, return to the sitting position while saying
“Allahu Akbar.” This sitting is called “qa’idat al-akhirah”
(the last sitting). For men, the toes point toward the qiblah
and the right foot is up. Lay your left foot sideways and sit on
it. The hands are left to lie freely on the knees. Set the eyes
on your lap and read the “At-tahiyyat” du‘ah.
The way of sitting is different for women. Women put
both their feet out facing to the right and sit on their left
femur. Their hands, with fingers together are rested on their
knees.

At-tahiyyatu lillahi wa s-salawatu wa t-tayyibatu,

as-salmu ‘alayk, ayyuha n-nabiyyu wa rahmat Allahi
wa barakatuh, as-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahi
s-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna
Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.
In the last sitting, after the at-tahiyyat du‘ah, the “Salli,
barik wa rabbana” du‘ah is read.
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- Allahumma salli ‘ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ‘ala

ali sayyidina Muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima
wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun majid.
- Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin va ‘ala ali
Muhammadin kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali
Ibrahima, innaka hamidun majid.
- Rabbana atina fi d-dunya hasanatan wa fi l-akhirati
hasanatan wa qina ‘adhaba n-nar.
Rabbana ghfirli wa li walidayya wa li l-mu’minina
yawma yaqumu l-hisab.
15) When this du‘ah is finished, turn your head to the
right, with your eyes looking over your right shoulder, and
say, “As-salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullah.” Then turn
your head to the left, with your eyes looking over your left
shoulder, and say, “As-salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullah.”

In this way the two-rak‘ah

sunnah or fard prayer for salat
al-fajr is finished. After the fard
prayer, the recommendation of the Prophet (pbuh) is to say
three times:
“Astaghfirullaha l-‘azim.” (“O Allah! I beseech you for
the forgiveness of my sins.”)

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The Du‘a and Tesbih after the Prayer:

Allahumma anta s-salamu wa minka s-salam. Tabarakta
ya dha l-jalali wa l-ikram.
‘Ala rasulina salawat.
(Allahumma salli ‘ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali
sayyidina Muhammad.) said to oneself, silently.
Subhan Allahi wa l-hamdu lillahi wa la ilaha illa Allahu
wa Allahu Akbar. Wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billahi
l-‘aliyyi l-‘azim.
After this, the a‘udhu-basmalah is said together with Ayat
al-Kursi (The Throne Verse). Then these tasbih duahs are said:

Tesbihs: Translations:
Subhanallah: 33 times Glory be to God.
Alhamdulillah: 33 times Praise be to God.
Allahu Akbar: 33 times God is the Greatest.

Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illahu, wahdahu, la sharikah lah.

Lahu l-mulk wa lahu l-hamdu wa huwa ‘ala kulli shay’in
qadir.

A General Du‘ah to be read after the prayer:

A‘udhu billahi mina sh-shaytani r-rajim. Bismillahi
r-rahmani r-rahim.
Praise be to the Lord of the worlds, and peace and
blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, and on his family
and companions. We praise Him and seek his help, and we
turn to him in repentance. It is certain that he accepts much
repentance and forgives the believers much in the hereafter.
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O my Lord! Accept
our prayers and worship,
together with our faults.
O my Lord! Forgive us
our sins, have mercy on
us, take us into paradise
and protect us from the
fire of hell.
O my Lord! Make all our works pleasing to You.
O my Lord! Help Islam and Muslims.
O my Lord! Protect us from
unbelief, polytheism, poverty,
and the trial of the grave.
O my Lord! I ask of you long
life, beneficial knowledge and
peace in this world and the next.
(At this time, you may say
whatever it is you desire from
Allah)
O my Lord! On the Day
of Judgement, protect me, my
mother and father and all believers with your mercy, O
Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate.
Amen! Amen! O my Lord! Accept my prayers.
Say, “Subhana Rabbika, Rabbi l-‘izzati ‘amma yasifun
wa salamun ‘ala l-mursalin, wa l-hamdu lillahi Rabbi
l-‘alamin. Al-Fatihah” and afterwards say the a‘udhu-
basmalah with The Fatihah.

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How to Pray Salat az-Zuhr

Salat az-Zuhr is ten rak‘ahs, four rak‘ahs for the first
sunnah, four rak‘ahs fard, and two rak‘ahs for the last
sunnah.
The First Sunnah for Salat az-Zuhr: The first sunnah
is four rak‘ahs. Say, “For the sake of Allah, I intend to pray
the first sunnah prayer for salat az-zuhr.” After praying two
rak‘ahs, just as is done for the sunnah prayer for salat al-fajr,
sit and say the at-tahiyyat.
After that, without saying anything else, say “Allahu
Akbar” and stand again for the third rak‘ah. The third rak‘ah
starts with only the basmalah, and, as you sit after reciting
The Fatihah and a surah in the first two rak‘ahs, do likewise
in the third and fourth rak‘ahs. Say the tahiyyat, “Allahumma
salli,” “Allahumma barik,” and “Rabbana atina” du‘ahs till the
end, then give salams.
The Fard for Salat az-Zuhr: The fard for this prayer is
four rak‘ahs. Say, “For the sake of Allah, I intend to pray the
fard prayer for salat az-zuhr.” It is like the first sunnah prayer
for salat az-zuhr. In the third and fourth rak‘ahs, only The
Fatihah is read. Another surah or ayah is not read.

First Rak‘ah: Second Rak‘ah: First Sitting:

Iqamah (for men) Basmalah at-Tahiyyat
Niyyah Fatihah
Takbir A surah
Subhanaka Ruku‘
A’udhu-Basmala Sajdah

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Fatihah
A surah
Ruku‘
Sajdah

Third Rak‘ah: Fourth Rak‘ah: Final Sitting:

Basmala Basmala at-Tahiyyat
Only Fatihah Fatihah Allahumma salli
Ruku‘ Ruku‘ Allahumma barik
Sajdah Sajdah Rabbana
Salam

Note: The fard prayers for salat az-Zuhr, salat al-‘asr, and
salat al-‘isha are all prayed in the same way.
The Final Sunnah prayer for Salat az-Zuhr: The final
sunnah prayer is two rak‘ahs. Say, “For the sake of Allah, I
intend to pray the last sunnah prayer for salat az-zuhr.”

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Note: They way to pray this prayer is the same as for the
sunnah prayer for salat al-fajr. Refer to that for the details. It
is prayed the same as the sunnah prayer for salat al-maghrib
and the final sunnah prayer for salat al-‘isha.

How to Pray Salat al-‘Asr

Salat al-‘asr is eight rak‘ahs, four rak‘ahs sunnah and four
rak‘ahs fard.
The Sunnah Prayer for Salat al-Asr: The sunnah prayer
is four rak‘ahs. Make your intention by saying, “For the sake
of Allah, I intend to pray the sunnah prayer for salat al-‘asr.”
This is like the sunnah prayer for salat az-Zuhr, except in the
second rak‘ah, after saying the tahiyyat, you continue with
Allahumma sallli/barik. After that, saying “Allahu Akbar,”
raise for the third rak‘ah and, as if you’re starting the prayer
again, say the subhanaka and a’udhu-basmala, then the
Fatihah and a surah.
The Fard Prayer for Salat al-‘Asr: This prayer is four
rak‘ahs. Make your intention by saying, “For the sake of
Allah, I intend to pray the fard prayer for salat al-‘asr.” It is
prayed like the fard for salat az-Zuhr.

How to Pray Salat al-Maghrib

Salat al-Maghrib is five rak‘ahs: three fard, and two
sunnah.
The Fard for Salat al-Maghrib: The fard for this prayer is
three rak‘ahs. Say, “For the sake of Allah, I intend to pray the
fard prayer for salat al-maghrib.” After praying the first two
rak‘ahs as you would for the fard for salat al-fajr and sitting and
saying the tahiyyat, stand again for the third rak‘ah. In the third
rak‘ah, say only the Fatihah. When sitting, say the tahiyyat and
the salli, barik and rabbana duas, and say salam.
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The Sunnah for Salat al-Maghrib: The sunnah for this

prayer is two rak‘ahs. Say, “For the sake of Allah, I intend to
pray the sunnah prayer for salat al-maghrib.” It is the same as
the sunnah prayer for salat al-fajr. Refer to that for details.

How to Pray Salat al-‘Isha

Salat al-‘Isha: This prayer is ten rak‘ahs, four rak‘ahs first
sunnah, four rak‘ahs fard, and two rak‘ahs second sunnah.
The First Sunnah for Salat al-‘Isha: The first sunnah is
four rak‘ahs. Make your intention by saying, “For the sake
of Allah, I intend to pray the first sunnah prayer for salat al-
‘isha.” Pray it like the sunnah for salat al-‘asr.
The Fard for Salat al-‘Isha: The fard is four rak‘ahs. Make
your intention by saying, “For the sake of Allah, I intend to
pray the fard prayer for salat al-‘isha.” Pray it like the fard for
salat az-zuhr or salat al-‘asr.
The Final Sunnah for Salat al-‘Isha: The final sunnah is
two rak‘ahs. Make your intention by saying, “For the sake
of Allah, I intend to pray the final sunnah prayer for salat
al-‘isha.”
Note: It is prayed the same way as the sunnah prayer for
salat al-fajr. Look there for details. The sunnah prayers for salat
al-maghrib and the last sunnah prayers for salat al-‘asr are the
prayed the same way.

Salat al-Witr
Salat al-Witr is three rak‘ahs. The first two rak‘ahs are
prayed the same as the first two rak‘ahs for the sunnah of
salat al-fajr, except that after the second rak‘ah, when you are
sitting, you say only the tahiyyat before rising for the third
rak‘ah.
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In the third rak‘ah, after saying the Fatihah and reading

another surah, raise your hands to the level of your ears, say
the takbir, then hold your hands again below the navel. At
this time you read the qunut du‘ah. It is time for the surahs
after you read the qunut du‘ah. After finishing this du‘ah and
going into the bowing and prostrating positions, finish the
prayer in the normal way.
If you do not know the qunut du‘ah, you should say
“Allahumma ghfir li” before bowing.
How to Pray the Three Rak‘ahs of Salat al-Witr
First Rak‘ah: Second Rak‘ah: First Sitting:
Niyyah Basmalah at-Tahiyyat
Takbir Fatihah
Subhanaka A surah
A‘udhu-Basmalah Ruku‘
Fatihah Sajdah
A Surah
Ruku‘
Sajdah

Third Rak‘ah: Takbir Interlude Final Sitting:

Takbir interlude
Basmalah at-Tahiyat
and Qunut dua
Fatihah Qunut Duas Allahumma salli
A Surah Ruku‘ Allahumma barik
Sajdah Rabbana
Salam

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The Fards of the Prayer

These are listed in the beginning of the book under the
title “32 fards.”

Things that Nullify the Prayer

1- Thinking about something related to this world and
uttering a sound, or saying “Ouch!” or “Ah!” because of some
pain, soreness, or tiredness.
2- Trying to cough when you do not need to.
3- Blowing or puffing on something.
4- Reading an ayah with the intention of responding to
someone.
5- The ending of the time period allowable for wearing
leather slippers, (Mash).
6- Saying “Get!”, “Go away!,” or something similar to a cat
or dog trying to get it to go away.
7- Swallowing snow, rain, or sleet that falls into your
mouth during the prayer.
8- Reading an ayah incorrectly, changing the meaning.

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9- For men, standing beside women.

10- Scratching the same place three times while praying
in the bowing position.
11- If an area that should be covered is uncovered for the
time it takes to perform one ruku‘ (bowing) or if something
dirty falls on your clothes that stops the prayer.
12- Suddenly lifting both of your feet up from the ground
while in sajdah (prostration).
13- Seeing menstruation while praying.
14- If the sun rises while you are praying salat al-fajr.
15- Talking during the prayer, because of forgetfulness,
by mistake or knowingly.
16- Eating or drinking something while you’re praying.
17- Laughing loud enough so you can hear it yourself. (If
you laugh loud enough so those around you can hear it, it
also nullifies your wudu’.)
18- Turning your breast away from the qiblah.
19- Trying to do some kind of work while you are
praying.

Sajdah (Prostration) of Forgetfulness

The sajdah al-sahw means “the prostration of
forgetfulness.” It completes or eliminates anything missing
or extra that we forget or do during the prayer unknowingly
or because of forgetfulness.
Sajah al-sahw is used in three cases:
1- The delaying of a fard.
2- The leaving off of a wajib.
3- The delaying of a wajib.

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How the prostration of forgetfulness is done: In the

final sitting of the salah you are praying (in the sitting where
you say salams), read the tahiyyat. Then directly after saying
salam towards both directions, say “Allahu Akbar,” go into
sajdah (prostration) two times, and sit again. Say the tahiyyat,
allahummas, and the rabbana du‘as again, and say the salams
in both directions, and your prayer is made complete.

A Surah to be Read After Salat al-Fajr

‫هُ َو ال َّل ُه ا َّلذِ ي َلا إِ َل َه إ َِّلا‬

{٢٢} ‫يم‬ ُ ِ‫هُ َو عَ ال ُِم ا ْل َغ ْي ِب َوالشَّ َها َد ِة هُ َو ال َّر ْح َم ُن ال َّرح‬
‫السلا ُم ا ْل ُم ْؤم ُِن‬ َّ ‫وس‬ ُ ُّ‫هُ َو ال َّل ُه ا َّلذِ ي َلا إِ َل َه إ َِّلا هُ َو ا ْل َمل ُِك ا ْل ُقد‬
{٢٣} ‫ون‬ َ ‫ا ْل ُم َه ْيمِ ُن ا ْل َع ِزي ُز ا ْل َج َّبا ُر ا ْل ُم َت َك ِّب ُر ُس ْب َح َان ال َّل ِه عَ َّما ُيشْ ِر ُك‬
‫هُ َو ال َّل ُه ا ْلخَ الِقُ ا ْل َبا ِر ُئ ا ْل ُم َص ِّو ُر َل ُه ال َٔا ْس َماء ا ْل ُح ْس َنى‬
‫ات َوال َٔا ْر ِض َوهُ َو‬ َّ ‫ُي َس ِّب ُح َل ُه َما فِي‬
ِ ‫الس َما َو‬
{٢٤} ‫يم‬ ُ ِ‫ا ْل َع ِزي ُز ا ْل َحك‬
Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim.
Huwa Allahu lladhi la ilaha illa huw. ‘Alimu l-ghaybi wa
sh-shahadati huwa r-rahmanu r-rahim. Huwa Allahu lladhi
la ilaha illa huw. Al-maliku l-quddusu s-salamu l-mu’minu
l-muhayminu l-‘azizu l-jabbaru l-mutakabbir. Subhana
Allahi ‘amma yushrikun. Huwa Allahu l-khaliqu l-bari’u
l-musawwiru lahu l-asma’u l-husna. Yusabbihu lahu ma fi
s-samawati wa l-ard. Wa huwa l-‘azizu l-hakim.

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A Surah to be Read After Salat al-‘Isha

‫ول ب َِما ُٔان ِز َل إِ َل ْي ِه‬ ُ ‫آ َم َن ال َّر ُس‬

‫ون ُك ٌّل آ َم َن بِال َّل ِه َو َمل ٓائ َِك ِت ِه‬ َ ‫مِن َّر ِّب ِه َوا ْل ُم ْؤ ِم ُن‬
‫َو ُك ُت ِب ِه َو ُر ُس ِل ِه َلا ُن َف ِّر ُق َب ْي َن َٔا َحدٍ ِّمن ُّر ُس ِل ِه َو َقا ُلو ْا َسمِ ْع َنا‬
‫{ َلا ُي َك ِّل ُف ال ّل ُه َن ْفس ًا‬٢٨٥} ‫َو َٔا َط ْع َنا ُغ ْف َران ََك َر َّب َنا َوإِ َل ْي َك ا ْل َم ِصي ُر‬
‫إ َِّلا ُو ْس َع َها َل َها َما َك َس َب ْت َوعَ َل ْي َها َما ْاك َت َس َب ْت َر َّب َنا َلا ُت َؤاخِ ْذنَا إِن‬
‫َّنسِ ي َنا َٔا ْو َٔاخْ َط ْٔانَا َر َّب َنا َو َلا ت َْحمِ ْل عَ َل ْي َنا إ ِْصر ًا َك َما َح َم ْل َت ُه عَ َلى‬
‫ا َّلذِ َين مِن َق ْب ِل َنا َر َّب َنا َو َلا ت َُح ِّم ْل َنا َما َلا َطا َق َة َل َنا ِب ِه َواعْ ُف‬
‫انص ْرنَا عَ َلى‬ ُ ‫نت َم ْو َلانَا َف‬ َ ‫عَ َّنا َو ْاغ ِف ْر َل َنا َوا ْر َح ْم َنا َٔا‬
{٢٨٦} ‫ين‬ َ ‫ا ْل َق ْو ِم ا ْل َكا ِف ِر‬
Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim.
Amana r-rasulu bima unzila ilayhi min rabbihi. Wa
l-mu’minuna kullun amana billahi wa mala’ikatihi wa kutubihi
wa rusulihi, la nufarriqu bayna ahadim min rusulihi. Wa qalu
sami‘na wa ata‘na ghufranaka rabbana wa ilayka l-masir. La
yukallifullahu nafsan illa wus‘aha, laha ma kasabat wa ‘alayha
ma ktasabat. Rabbana la tu’akhidhna in nasina aw akhta’na.
Rabbana wa la tahmil ‘alayna isran kama hamaltahu ‘ala
lladhina min qablina. Rabbana wa la tuhammilna ma la
taqata lana bih. Wa‘fu ‘anna wa ghfir lana wa rhamna. Anta
mawlana fansurna ‘ala l-qawmi l-kafirin.

Ruling About Praying in Congregation (Jam‘at) : The

reward for the prayer of someone who prays in congregation
is twenty-five (or according to one narration twenty-seven)
times greater than that of someone who prays alone. For this
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reason, whenever two or more people come together, they

should pray in congregation.

Different Prayers Besides the Five Daily Prayers

Salat al-Jum‘ah: The time for this prayer is the same
as that for salat az-zuhr. It is two rak‘ahs prayed together in
congregation in place of salat az-zuhr. It is ten rak‘ahs in total.
There are a total of eight rak‘ahs sunnah: four before the
fard and four after. After the time for the prayer begins, first
pray four rak‘ahs sunnah. After the khutbah, pray two rak‘ahs
for salat al-jum‘ah in congregation. After these two rak‘ahs fard,
pray four more rak‘ahs sunnah.
After this, it is best if you pray two rak‘ahs intending to
pray “waqt sunnati.”
Conditions for Salat al-Jum‘ah to be Fard:
1- It is fard for men, it is not fard for women. However, if
a woman is present at salat al-jum‘ah and she prays salat al-
jum‘ah with the imam, it counts for salat az-zuhr.
2- The way to salat al-jum‘ah must be open and free.
3- You must not be a traveler.
4- You must not be sick, but be healthy.
5- You must not be blind.
6- You must not have a good excuse for not going.
Conditions for Salat al-Jum‘ah to be Sahih (valid)
Just as there are some necessary conditions for salat al-jum‘ah
to be fard, there are also some conditions for it to be sahih.
1) Salat al-jum‘ah must be prayed during the time for salat
az-zuhr.
2) The khutbah must be read before the prayer.
3) The place where jum‘ah is prayed must be open to
everybody.
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4) Besides the imam, there must be a minimum of three

other men. (According to Imam Abu Yusuf, it is sahih if two
men are there.)
5) A person authorized to lead the prayer must be
found.
6) The place where jum‘ah is prayed must be a city or
connected to the city government.

Salat al-‘Id
For people for whom salat al-jum‘ah is fard, it is wajib to
pray the two salat al-‘ids in the year.
Salat al-‘id is two rak‘ahs. This is also prayed in
congregation. When the sun rises two spear-lengths above
the horizon, the time for salat al-‘id begins. When the time
begins, the congregation makes their intention by saying
sincerely, “I intend to pray salat al-‘id, which is wajib,
following the imam.”

Salat al-Musafir (Traveler’s Prayer)

A person is consider a musafir (traveler) once he leaves
his village, town, or camp, intending to make a journey
somewhere, traveling at a medium pace for at least three
days (meaning an 18 hour journey or 90 km) .
If the traveler intends to stay at his place of arrival for
15 days or more, he is no longer considered a traveler. If he
plans to stay for less than 15 days, then he is still considered
a traveler. If he says, “I’m going to leave today” or “I’m going
to leave tomorrow,” then even if he stays for ten years, he will
still be considered a traveler.
Travelers pray two rak‘ahs in place of fard prayers that
have four rak‘ahs. Three and two rak‘ah prayers are prayed
in full. When safe stopping places are found and there is
enough time, sunnahs are prayed as usual.
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The Door to Islam:

“al-kalimat at-tawhid and al-kalimat ash-shahadah”

How does one become a Muslim?

One becomes a Muslim by saying al-kalimat at-tawhid
and al-kalimat ash-shahadah and sincerely believing it.
What is the essence of the religion of Islam?
Al-kalimat at-tawhid.

Al-Kalimat at-Tawhid:
“La ilaha, illallah, Muhammadun rasulullah”
Translation: “There is no god besides God (Allah), and
Muhammad (pbuh) is his Messenger.”
La ilaha (There is no god(s)): I swear that I will not
accept those gods that people made themselves and that I
will purify my heart from them for Allah. I am preparing
my heart, purified from other gods, only for Allah and his
religion. This must be done because an impure heart cannot
hold pure belief in Allah, just as a sound building cannot be
built upon a rotten foundation.
Illa Allah: After rejecting false gods, I accept only Allah
as my Lord.

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Muhammadun Rasulullah: This means “This worship of

my Lord is not done according to bid‘ah (later innovations in
the religion). It is done according to the way that The Quran
shows, that the Messenger taught, and in the way that the
Messenger has shown us.”

Kalimat ash-Shahadah:
“Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna
Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluhu.”
Translation: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
and that Muhammad (pbuh) is his servant and Messenger.
Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah: This means “I think,
understand, accept in my heart, and say with my tongue
that there is no god (i.e. power, possessor of absolute power,
legislator and subduer of the universe and all the people in
it) but Allah. If someone says, ‘I exist in spite of Allah,’ this
means: I reject Allah and do not know Him.’”

Faith in Allah
Story: Allah Sees Us:
Salih asked his uncle:
- Why can’t we see Allah?
His uncle replied:
- We don’t see Allah because our eyes were not made to
see Him.”
- But, how is that, my dear uncle?
- Can you take a picture of anything with your camera?

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- Yes. I can.
- Can you also take a picture of your liver, lungs and
stomach?
- No, an X-ray machine can take pictures of that.
- What I mean is each of them, when they’re taking
pictures, don’t take the picture seen by the X-ray machine
because each is taken differently. Allah didn’t make us so we
could see him.
- Does He see us?
- Yes, in a dark night, in a dark room, even if we’re wearing
black clothes, He sees us.

Allah’s Attributes (Sifat)

A- as-Sifat adh-dhati, B- as-Sifat ath-thatubi
A- as-Sifat adh-dhati: These are six in number.
1- Wujud: This means existence. Allah exists everywhere
at all times.
2- Qidam: Allah’s existence has no beginning. Allah has
no beginning, he is pre-eternal.
3- Baka’: There will never be an end to His existence.
Allah has no end, he is eternal. He is immortal.
4- Wahdaniyyah: This means “to be one.” This means
that it is impossible to find His attributes and actions in a
different being. Allah has no partner or one like Him.
5- Mukhalafatun li l-hawadith: This means that nothing
that is later created is like Him. Allah is not like anything that
is made afterward.

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6- Qiyam bi Nafsihi: (Qiyam bi dhâtihi): Allah’s existence

is from Himself. He has no need of any other existence.
Everything is in need of him.
B- As-Sifat ath-Thabuti: These are eight in number.
1- Hayât: This means “to be living.” Allah is the possessor
of life and living.
2- ‘Ilm: This means “to know.” Allah knows everything.
3- Sami‘: This means “to hear.” Allah hears everything.
4- Basar: This means “to see.” Allah sees everything.
5- Iradah: This means “to wish” or “to want.” Allah is free
to wish and want whatever He likes.
6- Qudrah: Allah is the possessor of power (qudrah).
Allah’s power is sufficient for everything.
7- Kalâm: Allah has the attribute of speech. Allah talks to
whom He wants and says what He wants.
8- Takwin: This means “to make” or “to create.” Allah
made everything on the earth and in the sky.

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Questions Related to Allah’s Attributes

Who is your creator? Allah

Who sees everything? ………..
Who hears everything? ………..
Who knows everything? ………..
Who provides for everything? ………..
Who has the power to do everything? ………..
Who is everywhere? ………..
Whose existence has no beginning? ………..
Whose existence has no end? ………..
Who has no like or equal? ………..
Who has no partners? ………..
Who needs no one else? ………..
Who is immortal? ………..
Who is omnipotent (all-powerful)? ………..
Who was not born and does not beget? ………..
Who protects us? ………..
Who forgives us? ………..
Who gives us life? ………..
Who is your Lord? ………..
Who is the Greatest? ………..
Who is the Most Beautiful? ………..
Whom do we love most? ………..
Who helps us when times are hard? ………..
Whom do we ask to protect us when we fear? ………..
Who nurtures us and raises us? ………..
Who protects us from dangers? ………..

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Allah is the Creator of Everything.

Who created the world? Allah

Who created the stars? ………..
Who created the moon? ………..
Who created the sun? ………..
Who created the earth, the sky, and the air? ………..
Who holds the stars in the sky set in order? ………..
Who makes it rain? ………..
Who created people from nothing? ………..
Who created me? ………..
Who created my mom and dad? ………..
Who created the animals? ………..
Who created the plants? ………..
Who created the mountains? ………..
Who created fruits and vegetables? ………..
Who provides us with sustenance and
………..
blessings?
Who makes living plants from dead soil? ………..
Who brings out various flowers and
………..
differing scents from the same origin?
Who kills the living? ………..
Who created everything? ………..
Who is the owner of the universe? ………..

Our Duties to Allah:

1- To believe only in Allah, and not attach partners to
Him,
2- To love Allah with the heart more than everyone else,
3- To turn only to Allah for forgiveness of sins,
4- To rely only on Allah, to ask only Him for help,

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5- To continually worship Him alone.

6- To be thankful to Him for the bounties He bestows,
7- To love those He loves and hate those He hates.
8- To do the things he commands and refrain from the
things he forbids.

Story: The Scholar Who Said “Allah Does Not Exist”

and the Response of Imam Abu Hanifa:
Once upon a time in Baghdad, there lived a great man.
His name was Imam al-A‘zam (the Greatest Imam) Abu
Hanifa. He was a world-famous scholar. He taught many
students. Everybody in his area showed him respect.
Even in those days, there was an unthinking man who
considered himself a scholar and claimed “There is no God.”
Everywhere he went he argued with the scholars.
The scholar mentioned here had also heard of the fame of
Abu Hanifa. He wanted to put his argument and claim before
him. Intending to do this, he went to Baghdad. He found Abu
Hanifa and made his claim by asking, “Does Allah exist? or
not?” Abu Hanifa did not immediately respond to this claim.
He said that they would meet the next day at a particular
time at the same place and he himself would answer.
As you know, the Tigris River passes through the middle
of Baghdad and cuts the city in two.
The next day Abu Hanifa did not come at the specified
time to the meeting place. The man who considered himself
a scholar became bored. When he was just about ready to
leave, Abu Hanifa came to the meeting place. The claimant
said to Abu Hanifa:
- Why did you come late? Were you that afraid to argue
with me?
Abu Hanifa said, laughing at his words:
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- No. I wasn’t afraid. You surely know I live on the other

side of the river. There is also no bridge nearby to use to cross
over from that side to here. I was hoping that really quickly
some bridge would get itself built without a craftsman or an
architect. Thus, it spontaneously happened, but its happening
took a little time. I passed over that bridge, so I became late.
Now I’ve come.
The liar said:
- You’re lying. Has there ever been a bridge that came
about with no craftsman and no architect? Is believing that
not lunacy?
Abu Hanifa replied:
- O man! Seeing that there can’t be a bridge that comes
about spontaneously, how can this world exist by itself without
any craftsman? In this world, without rhyme or reason, not
even a leaf has spontaneously moved. You still can’t make
head or tail of there being a reason for everything?
Faced with these words, the man who considered himself
a scholar understood his mistake. He realized that the maker
of this world exists. Apologizing, he gave up his claim. He
believed in Allah’s existence and his oneness.

Belief in Angels (Mala’ik)

Characteristics of angels:
a) Angels are absolutely pure, noble beings, created from
light. They are neither masculine, nor feminine, and they do
not marry, eat, or drink.
b) Angels are not seen.
c) Angels do not know the unseen. If Allah teaches them
something, they know it.

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The Duties of Angels:

The duties of angels are to praise Allah, sing his praise
(describing the greatness of His glory), and do whatever they
are commanded.
The Duties of the Four Great Angels:
1- Jabra’il (Gabriel): He is the bearer of revelation and
the holy books to the prophets.
2- Mika’il (Michael): He looks after natural events (like
rain and wind).
3- Israfil: He is given the duty of blowing the trumpet at
the Resurrection.
4- Azra’il (Azrael): The duty of taking life belongs to this
angel.
These are the greatest of the angels. Allah’s commands to
the other angels are reached through these angels.
Some Other Angels and Their Duties:
Kiraman Kitabin: To the right and left of every person,
there is an angel that records everything they say and do. The
one on the right records good deeds in writing, the one on
the left bad deeds. These books will be given to the owner on
the Day of Judgment.
The reckoning will be done according to these books.
Munkar and Nakir: These angels are given the duty of
questioning those placed in the grave.
Story: How Can Azrail Kill Thousands of People at the
Same Time?
Dear children! You’ve also been curious about this. We
can liken our spirit to a burning light bulb, and death to
the bulb’s burning out. The electric lines that come to our
house are connected to an electric power plant, are they not?
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Do you know what would happen if some engineer at the

power plant were to tell someone working there, “Turn off
the power at such-and-such neighborhood”? He would cut
off power to the specified sector and, in an instant, tens of
thousands of lights would be shut off.
Looking at this, we can think of Azrail of having switches
in front of him connected to the invisible power cords of our
souls. In this case, it is a matter of an instant that, by moving one
finger, Azrail makes thousands of souls fade out and go away.

Belief in the Scriptures (Kutub)

The divine and heavenly scriptures were sent by Allah to
the prophets by way of revelation (wahy).
Wahy: Wahy (revelation) is Allah’s communication with
His servants selected from among the people as prophets,
through the Angel Jabrail.
Wahy is only received by the prophets.
Some of the scriptures sent by Allah are called “suhuf
(pages/scrolls)” because they are small scriptures of only a
few pages. For example:
Adam’s 10 pages.
Shith’s (Seth) 50 pages.
Idris’s 30 pages.
Ibrahim’s 10 pages.
None of these pages are existent today.
The Great Books are Four:
1- The Torah (at-Tawrat) - This was revealed to Moses.
2- The Psalms (az-Zabur)- These were revealed to
David.
3- The Gospel (Injil)- This was revealed to Jesus.

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4- The “Noble” Quran: This was revealed by God, through

the Angel Gabriel, to the Prophet Muhammad. (Peace be
upon all the prophets). The only book that is protected and
preserved as it came from Allah is The Quran.
The Quran was revealed not only for reading it to the dead,
like some ignorant Muslims view it today. It was not revealed
so it could be read to the sick, and at graves and shrines,
without its meaning and principles being understood. The
Quran includes principles that encompass all of a Muslim’s
life, from the cradle to the grave. A Muslim should arrange
all his personal, family, and worldly life according to the
principles of The Quran, and it is necessary that he or she
conform to them.
The Quran was finished in 23 years and it is 114 surahs.

Belief in the Prophets

Prophets are the people chosen and appointed by Allah
to make known to his servants everything that He wishes.
Characteristics That Must Be Found in Prophets:
1- Sidq: This means veracity or truthfulness. Prophets are
truthful to the highest degree, honest people.
2- Amanah: Prophets are, in all respects, men to be relied
upon and trusted.
3- Tabligh: Prophets must bring the religion and law sent
by Allah as it is to the people.
4- Fatanah: Prophets must be people of high intellect
and intelligence.
5- ‘Ismah: Prophets are far from sin and evil.
The Number of the Prophets:
The first prophet was Adam (pbuh) and the last was
Muhammad (pbuh). Between these two, many prophets
came and went. All prophets called the people to servitude
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of Allah and belief in His oneness (tawhid). When people

went astray and worshipped other than Allah, they had a
new prophet sent to them, calling them to belief in Allah’s
oneness.
Prophets Mentioned by Name in The Quran:
The Prophets mentioned in The Quran are twenty-five:

Ibrahim
Adam Musa (Moses) Yunus (Jonah)
(Abraham)
Ismail
Idris Harun (Aaron) Ilyas (Elijah)
(Ishmael)

Nuh (Noah) Ishaq (Isaac) Davud (David) Alyasa (Elisha)

Sulayman Zakariyya
Hud Yakub (Jacob)
(Solomon) (Zechariah)

Salih Yusuf (Joseph) Ayyub (Job) Yahya (John)

Lut (Lot) Shu‘ayb Dhu l-Kifl ‘Isa (Jesus)

Muhammad (pbuh)

Mu‘jizah (Miracle): Mu‘jizah means to leave one weak

and powerless. Miracles are supernatural feats carried out
by prophets, with Allah’s consent and help, to prove their
prophethood. Regular people, under the same circumstances,
do not have the power to bring about similar things.

Belief in the Hereafter (al-Akhirah)

Yawm al-akhira (The Last Day): According to one
account, when the sur (trumpet) is blown by Israfil, all
living things will fall and die. The time starting then and
continuing through the resurrection of people, the entering
into paradise of those bound for paradise, and the entering
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of hell for those bound for hell, is called “The Last Day.”
According to another account, the hereafter (al-akhira)
starts when people begin to be resurrected so they can be
called to account for their deeds, and continues forever.
There are other names for al-akhira, but “yawm al-qiyamah
(The Day of Resurrection),” is the most famous.
Hayat al-Qabr (Life in the Grave): The life in the grave
begins with the death of a person and continues until his
resurrection. After being placed in the grave, two angels
come and ask, “Who is your Lord? Who is your prophet?
And what is your religion?” These are called the questions of
the grave. These questions will be asked of everybody. People
with bodies that have disintegrated or burned to ashes will
also be asked.
The life in the grave means the start of the hereafter.
People bound for heaven and people bound for hell will begin
to taste the sweetness of the life in heaven or the punishment
of hell respectively to a lesser or greater degree.
The life in the grave should not be compared with the life
of this world.
However, in sleep (which is called the “little death”) we
can taste with our souls joyous pleasure or miserable pain,
thus seeing an example of al-akhirah in this life.
Jannah (Paradise) is a place of reward. It has been made
for the mu’mins (believers). In an ayah, it says “therein you
shall have all that your souls desire, all that you call for”
(Quran, 41:31, Arberry translation).

Jahannam (Hell) is the place of punishment for those

who rebel and go against Allah. Those who die whose sins are
great and those believers deemed unworthy of intercession,
go there along with unbelievers and hypocrites. While

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believers who enter will be taken out after a punishment of

a specified time, unbelievers, hypocrites, and polytheists will
remain permanently.
Mahshar: With the blowing of Israfil’s trumpet, all people
and creatures will fall and die. Except for Allah, no living
existence will continue. For a time it will stay like this. Then
Allah will resurrect Israfil. Israfil will then blow his trumpet
again and people will then be given life again in an instant.
They will gather in Mahshar for their reckoning.
The Book of Deeds: In Mahshar, people will be given
their books (the books the angels wrote and prepared in
this world). The people bound for heaven will be given their
books from the right, while the people bound for hell will be
given their books from the left.
Hasab (Reckoning): Allah will take all people to account
at the same time. But each person will think that only his
own reckoning is being done. This reckoning will be as our
Prophet (pbuh) explained:
Everyone will be asked:
1- How they spent their lives
2- What they did with what they know
3- Where they got their wealth from and where they
spent it (halal or haram).
4- And which roads (roads that are either pleasing or
unpleasing to Allah) they wore out their bodies on,
And an answer will surely be given.
al-Mizan (The Balance): This is the weighing of peoples’
good and bad deeds.
Nobody will be wronged in any way. Every good or bad
thing done will surely be placed on the balance. Each good
deed will count for ten and every bad deed will count as
one.
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as-Sirat (The Narrow Bridge): This is a way, a bridge, that

everyone must take: those who will be placed in hell, those
believers who will reach heaven, polytheists, unbelievers,
and hypocrites who will fall to hell. The ease or difficulty
of the passing will be according to the rank of servitude to
Allah in this world.
We came here for worship; we will return for reckoning.
We are guests on this earth; we will die to be brought back
to life.
Story: The Story of the Bringing to Life of Four Birds
Ibrahim (pbuh) was telling everybody, “My Lord causes
death and life,” and he sincerely believed this himself. Despite
that, one day Ibrahim supplicated to Allah, saying:
- O my Lord! Show me how you will bring the dead to life!
Allah Almighty said to him:
- Did you stop believing that I’m going to resurrect the
dead, or what?
Ibrahim said:
- I certainly believe, my Lord! But let me see with my eyes
so my heart may rest soundly.
In reply to this, Allah said to Ibrahim:
- So, get four birds! Acquaint yourself with them well!
When you call them by name they will fly to you. Then,
slaughter them!
Chop the meat up and mix them together well! Separate
this meat into four parts and put each part on the top of a
mountain! Then call them in the way they are used to! You’ll
see them hurry to you. After you see this, then believe well
that Allah’s power is enough to do everything and he does
nothing in vain, he does it knowingly.
Ibrahim was very happy that his wish was granted. Right
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away he took a pigeon, a peacock, a crow and a rooster

and got them used to him. Wherever these animals were,
immediately upon hearing Ibrahim’s voice, they flew straight
to him.
One day, in the way he was commanded, he slaughtered
them. After mixing the meat together well, he separated it
into four parts. He put each part on the top of a mountain.
Then he retired to an appropriate place. Then he called the
birds and rooster in the same way they were used to. In an
instant, the resurrected, living animals flew straight to him.
Seeing this, Ibrahim fell directly into prostration and thanked
his Lord. His belief in Him was strengthened even more.

Belief in Qadar and Qada

Description of Qadar: Allah’s knowing, from pre-eternity
to post-eternity (with no beginning and no end), the time and
place of things, and when they will be, all of them, and His
decreeing in pre-eternity (while they have not yet come into
existence) their determination and predestination, is called
Qadar, and this is related to Allah’s attribute of knowledge.
Everything is obligated to be as it was predestined by
Allah in pre-eternity. The coming about of nothing was left
to petty chance.
Description of Qada: Qaza is the coming about of
everything (when the time comes for the determined,
predestined thing to be) according to the way it was decreed
in pre-eternity. The one who predestines things is Allah. The
one who brings about everything according to the way it
was predestined is also Allah. Therefore, there is complete
agreement between qadar and qada. If qadar is a plan, it may
be said that qada is the work of bringing it about.
The Deeds of People and Their Accountability for Them:
a) Acts Done Outside the Will of People:
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Our will has no effect on matters like our birth, the time
of our death, and our gender. We are not answerable for
these things.
b) Acts Related to the Wills of People:
The things that Allah destines that are related to our
wills, are carried out as things connected to our wills. While
Allah holds us responsible for this, it is not to force us to
do something, then ask “Why did you do it?” Therefore, He
left us free to our own wills and desires so we could be held
accountable. This is like a chauffeur who, with the power that
comes from the motor, can turn the bus to the right, to the
left, or lead it straight ahead. When he wants, he can step on
the brakes and stop the bus. If he causes an accident, he isn’t
asked, “Why was power coming from the engine?” Rather,
he is asked “Why were you speeding? Why were you turning
to the left and right? And why didn’t you stop?”
Khayr and Sharr (Good and Bad)
Khayr (Good): Khayr is something that is beneficial to
someone, with respect to its result.
Sharr (Bad/Evil): Sharr is something that is harmful
to someone. Since there is no other creator besides Allah,
the creator of good and the creator of bad are both Him. It
says in The Quran “Allah is the creator of everything.” In our
religion, good things are commanded, and bad things are
forbidden.
The Wisdom of the Creation of Sharr:
a) In the creation even of the bad and evil things that
we see, there is a wisdom from Allah that we do not know.
Something that seems harmful or bad for some people may
be beneficial for others or with respect to the public.
b) Bad helps us to understand the value of good. Someone
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who has never been sick does not understand the value of
health.
Our Situation with Respect to Khayr (Good) and Sharr
(Evil) :
We should be thankful when faced with good; when faced
with evil, we should be patient and try to recover from it.
The Matter of (Rizq) Sustenance (Our Daily Bread):
Allah is also the one who provides every living thing with
the sustenance that it needs to live. Yet the searching for and
finding of food is the duty of people. A person has an effect
on whether the sustenance that comes to him is from halal
or haram sources.
The Matter of the Time of Death (Ajal): Ajal is the
designated time for the span of a person’s life. After a person’s
time comes, whether they be young or old, healthy or sick,
or whatever the situation, he or she will die as destined by
Allah. The ayah which says, “when their term comes they
shall not put it back by a single hour nor put it forward
(Quran 10:49, Arberry),” states that the ajal will not change.

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Readings of Surahs for the Salah (Prayer)

Note: You should not memorize the readings of the surahs

for the prayer by reading their Latin transliterations because
the transliterations do not completely express the Arabic.

Subhanaka

‫ُس ْب َحا ن ََك ال ُله َّم َوب َِح ْمدِ َك َو َت َبا َر َك ْاس ُم َك َو َت َعالٰى‬
.‫َجدُّ َك ) َو َج َّل َث َن ٓا ُؤ َك( َو ل ٓا اِلٰ َه َغ ْي ُر َك‬
Subhanaka Allahumma wa bi hamdik. Wa tabaraka smuk.
Wa t‘ala jadduk. (Wa jalla thana’uk).* Wa la ilaha ghayruk.
* This part is only read in the funeral (janazah) prayer.

Translation: Glory be to You, O Allah! Praise be to

You. Blessed be Your name, and exalted be Your majesty.
(Innumerable is Your praise). There is no god besides You.

At-Tahiyyat
‫الس َـال ُم عَ َل ْي َك‬ َّ ‫ات‬ َّ ‫ات َو‬
ُ ‫الط ِّي َب‬ ُ ‫الص َل َو‬
َّ ‫ات لِل ِه َو‬ ُ ‫َالتَّحِ َّي‬
‫الس َـال ُم عَ َل ْي َنا َو َع ٰلى‬
َّ ‫َا ُّي َها ال َّنب ُِّى َو َر ْح َم ُة الل ِه َو َب َر َكا ُت ُه‬
‫الصالِحِ ي َِن َا ْش َهدُ َا ْن ل ٓا اِلٰ َه ا َِّلا الل ُه‬ َّ ‫عِ َبادِالل ِه‬
.ُ‫َو َا ْش َهدُ َا َّن ُم َح َّمدً اعَ ْبدُ ُه َو َر ُسو ُله‬
At-tahiyyatu lillahi wa s-salawatu wa t-tayyibat. As-salamu
‘alayka ayyuha n-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-
salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahi s-salihin. Ashhadu an la
ilaha illa Allah. Wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa
rasuluh.

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Translation: All salutations, prayers, and goodness

belong to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the
mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us, and
upon the upright servants of Allah. I bear witness that there
is no god, but Allah. And I bear witness that Muhammad is
his servant and Messenger.

Allahumma Salli

‫َالل ُه َّم َص ِّل عَ ٰلى ُم َح َّمدٍ َو عَ ٰلى اٰلِ ُم َح َّمدٍ َك َما َص َّل ْي َت‬
.‫عَ ٰلى اِ ْب َر ٖاه َيم َو عَ ٰلى اٰلِ اِ ْب َر ٖاه َيم اِن ََّك َح ٖم ٌيد َم ٖج ٌيد‬
Allahumma salli ‘ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali
sayyidina Muhammad, kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali
Ibrahim. Innaka hamidun majid.
Translation: O Allah! Have mercy upon Muhammad and
upon the family of Muhammad as you had mercy on Ibrahim
and on the family of Ibrahim. Verily, you are glorious and
worthy of praise.

Allahumma Barik

‫َالل ُه َّم َبا ِر ْك عَ ٰلى ُم َح َّمدٍ َو عَ َلى اٰلِ ُم َح َّمدٍ َك َما َبا َر ْك َت‬
.‫عَ ٰلى اِ ْب َر ٖاه َيم َو عَ ٰلى اٰلِ اِ ْب َر ٖاه َيم اِن ََّك َح ٖم ٌيد َم ٖج ٌيد‬
Allahumma barik ‘ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali
Muhammad, kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim.
Innaka hamidun majid.
Translation: O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family
of Muhammad, as you blessed Ibrahim and the family of
Ibrahim. Verily, you are glorious and worthy of praise.

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Rabbana

۞ َ ‫َر َّب َن ٓا اٰ ِت َنا فِي الدُّ ْن َيا َح َس َن ًة َو فِي ْا ٰالخِ َر ِة َح َس َن ًة َو ِق َنا عَ َذ‬
‫اب ال َّنا ِر‬
۞ ‫اب‬ ِ ‫َر َّب َنا ْاغ ِف ْر ٖلى َو ِل َوا ِلدَ ىَّ َو ِل ْل ُمؤ ِم ٖن َين َي ْو َم َي ُقو ُم ْالحِ َس‬
Rabbana atina fi d-dunya hasanatan wa fi l-akhirati
hasanatan wa qina ‘adhaba n-nar. Rabbana ghfirli wa li
walidayya wa lil-mu’minina yawma yaqumu l-hisab.
Translation: O my Lord, grant us goodness in this
life, and goodness in the hereafter, and save us from the
punishment of the Fire. O my Lord, forgive me, my parents,
and the believers, on the day of the reckoning.

Qunut Duas
ُ ‫يك َو ُن ْؤم ُِن ب َِك َو َن ُت‬
‫وب‬ َ ‫َالل ُه َّم إِنَّا ن َْس َت ٖعي ُن َك َو ن َْس َت ْغ ِف ُر َك َو ن َْس َت ْه ٖد‬
‫اِ َل ْي َك َو َن َت َو َّك ُل عَ َل ْي َك َو ُن ْث ٖنى عَ َل ْي َك ْالخَ ْي َر ُك َّل ُه نَشْ ُك ُر َك‬
.‫َو َلا ن َْك ُف ُر َك َو ن َْخ َل ُع َو َن ْت ُر ُك َم ْن َي ْف ُج ُر َك‬
Allahumma inna nasta‘inuka va nastaghfiruka wa
nastahdik. Wa nu’minu bika wa natubu ilayk. Wa natawakkalu
‘alayka wa nuthni ‘alayka l-khayra kullahu nashkuruka wa la
nakfuruk. Wa nakhla‘u wa natruku man yafjuruk.
Translation: O Allah, we ask You for help, forgiveness,
and guidance. We believe in You and turn towards You. We
trust in You and we praise You with all goodness. We thank
You and we do not show ingratitude. We leave and abandon
any who go against you.

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ُ‫َالل ُه َّم اِ َّي َاك َن ْع ُبدُ َو َل َك ن َُص ٖ ّلى َو ن َْس ُجدُ َو اِ َل ْي َك نَس ْع ٰى َو ن َْح ِفد‬
. ٌ‫َن ْر ُجو َر ْح َم َت َك َو ن َْخ ٰشى عَ َذا َب َك ا َِّن عَ َذا َب َك ِب ْا ُلك َّفا ِر ُم ْلحِ ق‬
Allahumma iyyaka na‘budu wa laka nusalli wa nasjudu
wa ilayka nas‘a wa nahfidu narju rahmataka wa nakhsha
‘adhabak. Inna ‘adhabaka bi l-kuffari mulhiq.
Translation: O Allah, we worship You, we pray to You,
we prostrate to You, and we strive for You in haste. We hope
for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your
punishment will be inflicted upon the unbelievers.

Ayat al-Kursi

‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم ۞ ال ّل ُه َلا إِ َلـ َه إ َِّلا هُ َو ا ْل َح ُّي ا ْل َق ُّيو ُم َلا‬
‫ات َو َما فِي ال َٔا ْر ِض َمن َذا‬ ِ ‫الس َما َو‬َّ ‫َت ْٔاخُ ُذ ُه سِ َن ٌة َو َلا َن ْو ٌم َّل ُه َما فِي‬
‫ا َّلذِ ي َيشْ َف ُع عِ ْندَ ُه إ َِّلا ِب ٕا ِْذ ِن ِه َي ْع َل ُم َما َب ْي َن َٔا ْيدِ ي ِه ْم َو َما خَ ْل َف ُه ْم َو َلا‬
‫ات‬ِ ‫الس َما َو‬ َّ ‫ون بِشَ ْي ٍء ِّم ْن عِ ْلمِ ِه إ َِّلا ب َِما َشاء َوسِ َع ُك ْرسِ ُّي ُه‬ َ ‫ُيحِ ُيط‬
‫َوال َٔا ْر َض َو َلا َي ُؤو ُد ُه حِ ْف ُظ ُه َما َوهُ َو ا ْل َعل ُِّي ا ْل َعظِ ُيم‬
Allahu la ilaha illa huwa l-hayyu l-qayyum. La ta’khudhuhu
sinatuwwa la nawm. Lahu ma fi s-samawati wa ma fi l-ard. Man
dhalladhi yashfa‘u ‘indahu illa bi idhnihi. Ya‘lamu ma bayna
aydihim wa ma khalfahum. Wa la yuhituna bi shayimmin
‘ilmihi illa bima sha’. Wasi‘a kursiyyuhu s-samawati wa l-ard.
Wa la ya’uduhu hifzuhuma wa huwa l-‘aliyyu l-‘azim.
Translation: Allah! There is no deity save Him, the Alive,
the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtaketh Him. Unto
Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever
is in the earth. Who is he that intercedeth with Him save by
His leave? He knoweth that which is in front of them and
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that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of

His knowledge save what He will. His throne includeth the
heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving
them. He is the Sublime, the Tremendous. (Quran 2:255,
Pickthall).

Surat al-Fatihah
Bismillahi r-Rahmani ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْحمٰ ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
r-Rahim. Al-Hamdu lillahi

َ ‫َا ْل َح ْمدُ لِل ِه َر ِّب ا ْل َعا َل ٖم‬

rabbi l-‘alamin. Ar-Rahmani
r-Rahim. Maliki yawmi d-din. ﴾٢﴿ ۙ ‫ين‬
Iyyaka na‘budu wa iyyaka
nasta‘in. Ihdina s-sirata
‫﴾ َمال ِِك‬٣﴿ ۙ ‫ال َّر ْحمٰ ِـن ال َّر ٖح ِيم‬
l-mustaqim. Sirata lladhina ‫اك‬ َ ‫﴾ إِ َّي َاك َن ْع ُبدُ وإِ َّي‬٤﴿ؕ ‫الد ِين‬ ّ ٖ ‫َي ْو ِم‬
an‘amta ‘alayhim, ghayri
l-maghdubi ‘alayhim wa la ‫اط‬ َ ‫الص َر‬ ِّ ‫﴾ اِهْ دِ نَــــا‬٥﴿ؕ ‫ن َْس َت ٖع ُين‬
d-dallin.
‫﴾ ِص َر َاط ا َّل ٖذ َين‬٦﴿ ۙ ‫ا ْل ُم ْس َت ٖق َيم‬
Translation: In the name
of Allah, the Beneficent, ‫وب‬ ِ ‫َٔا ْن َع ْم َت عَ َل ْي ِه ْم ۙ َغ ْي ِر ا ْل َم ْغ ُض‬
the Merciful. Praise be to
Allah, Lord of the Worlds,
﴾٧﴿‫ين‬ َ ‫الضا ٖ ّل‬ َّ ‫عَ َل ْي ِه ْم َو َلا‬
The Beneficent, the Merciful.
Master of the Day of Judgment,
Thee (alone) we worship; Thee
(alone) we ask for help. Show
us the straight path, The path
of those whom Thou hast
favoured; Not the (path) of
those who earn Thine anger
nor of those who go astray.
(Quran 1, Pickthall).

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Surat an-Nas
Qul a‘udhu bi rabbi n-nas, ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
Maliki n-nas, Ilahi n-nas, min
sharri l-waswasi l-khannas,
alladhi yuwaswisu fi suduri
﴾١﴿‫اس‬ ِ ‫ُق ْل َٔاعُ و ُذ ِب َر ِّب ال َّن‬
n-nas, min al-jinnati wa ﴾٣﴿ ‫اس‬ ِ ‫﴾ إِ َل ِه ال َّن‬٢﴿‫اس‬ ِ ‫َمل ِِك ال َّن‬
n-nas. ﴾٤﴿ ‫اس‬ ِ ‫اس ا ْلخَ َّن‬ ِ ‫مِن َش ِّر ا ْل َو ْس َو‬
Translation: Say: I seek ‫ا َّلذِي ُي َو ْس ِو ُس فِي ُصدُ و ِر‬
ِ ‫﴾ م َِن ا ْلجِ َّن ِة َو ال َّن‬٥﴿‫اس‬
refuge in the Lord of mankind,
The King of mankind, The god ﴾٦﴿ ‫اس‬ ِ ‫ال َّن‬
of mankind, From the evil of
the sneaking whisperer, Who
whispereth in the hearts of
mankind, Of the jinn and of
mankind. (Quran 114, Pickthall).

Surat al-Falaq
Qul a’udhu bi Rabbi l-falaq, ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
min sharri ma khalaq, wa min
sharri ghasiqin idha waqab, ‫﴾ مِن َش ِّر‬١﴿ ‫ُق ْل َٔاعُ و ُذ ِب َر ِّب ا ْل َف َل ِق‬
wa min sharri n-naffathati fi
l-‘uqad, wa min sharri hasidin ‫﴾ َومِن َش ِّر َغاسِ ٍق إِ َذا‬٢﴿ َ‫َما خَ َلق‬
idha hasad. ‫ات فِي‬ ِ ‫﴾ َومِن َش ِّر ال َّن َّفا َث‬٣﴿ ‫َو َق َب‬
Translation: Say: I seek ‫﴾ َومِن َش ِّر َحاسِ ٍد إِ َذا‬٤﴿ ‫ا ْل ُع َق ِد‬
refuge in the Lord of the
Daybreak, From the evil of ﴾٥﴿ َ‫َح َسد‬
that which He created; From
the evil of the darkness when
it is intense, And from the evil
of malignant witchcraft, And
from the evil of the envier
when he envieth. (Quran 113,
Pickthall).
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Surat al-Ikhlas
Qul huwa Allahu ahad, ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
Allahu samad. Lam yalid wa

َّ ‫﴾ ال َّل ُه‬١﴿ ‫ُق ْل هُ َو ال َّل ُه َٔا َح ٌد‬

lam yulad. Wa lam yakullahu
kufuwan ahad. ‫الص َمد‬
Translation: Say: He is ‫﴾ َو َل ْم‬٣﴿ ْ‫﴾ َل ْم َي ِلدْ َو َل ْم ُيو َلد‬٢﴿ ُ
Allah, the One! Allah, the ﴾٤﴿ ‫َي ُكن َّل ُه ُك ُفو ًا َٔا َح ٌد‬
eternally Besought of all! He
begetteth not nor was begotten.
And there is none comparable
unto Him. (Quran 112, Pickthall).

Surat at-Masad
Tabbat yada Abi ِ ِ‫ْ ِ ِ َّ ْ َ ِ َّ ح‬ ‫بِسم الله الرحمن الر يم‬
Lahabiwwatab. Ma aghna ‘anhu
ma lahu wama kasab. Sayasla ‫﴾ َما‬١﴿ ‫َب‬ َّ ‫َت َّب ْت َيدَ ا َٔابِي َل َه ٍب َوت‬
naran dhata lahab. Wamra’tuhu ﴾٢﴿ ‫ب‬َ ‫َٔا ْغ َنى عَ ْن ُه َما ُل ُه َو َما َك َس‬
hammalata l-hatab. Fi jidiha
hablummin masad. ﴾٣﴿ ‫ب‬ ٍ ‫َس َي ْص َلى نَار ًا َذ َات َل َه‬
Translation: The power of ‫﴾ فِي‬٤﴿ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫َوا ْم َر َٔا ُت ُه َح َّما َل َة ا ْل َح َط‬
Abu Lahab will perish, and he ﴾٥﴿ ‫جِ يدِهَ ا َح ْب ٌل ِّمن َّم َس ٍد‬
will perish. His wealth and gains
will not exempt him. He will be
plunged in flaming Fire, And
his wife, the wood-carrier, Will
have upon her neck a halter of
palm-fibre. (Quran 111, Pickthall).

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Surat an-Nasr
Idha ja’a nasrullahi wa l-fath.
Wa ra’ayta n-nasa yadkhuluna ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
fi dinillahi afwaja. Fasabbih bi
hamdi Rabbika wastaghfirhu, ﴾١﴿ ‫َص ُر ال َّل ِه َوا ْل َف ْت ُح‬ ْ ‫إِ َذا َجاء ن‬
innahu kana tawwaba. ‫ِين‬
ِ ‫ون فِي د‬ َ ‫اس َيدْ خُ ُل‬ َ ‫َو َر َٔا ْي َت ال َّن‬
Translation: When Allah’s
succor and the triumph
‫﴾ َف َس ِّب ْح ب َِح ْم ِد‬٢﴿ ‫ال َّل ِه َٔا ْف َواج ًا‬
cometh And thou seest َ ‫َر ِّب َك َو ْاس َت ْغ ِف ْر ُه إِ َّن ُه َك‬
﴾٣﴿ ‫ان َت َّواب ًا‬
mankind entering the religion
of Allah in troops, Then hymn
the raises of thy Lord, and seek
forgiveness of Him. Lo! He
is ever ready to show mercy.
(Quran 110, Pickthall).

Surat al-Kafirun
Qul ya ayyuha l-kafirun.
La a‘budu ma ta‘budun. Wa la
‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
antum ‘abiduna ma a‘bud. Wa
la ana ‘abidumma ‘abadtum. ‫﴾ َلا‬١﴿ ‫ون‬ َ ‫ُق ْل َيا َٔا ُّي َها ا ْل َكا ِف ُر‬
Wala antum ‘abiduna ma a‘bud. ‫﴾ َو َلا َٔان ُت ْم‬٢﴿ ‫ون‬ َ ُ‫َٔاعْ ُبدُ َما َت ْع ُبد‬
Lakum dinukum wa liya din.
‫﴾ َو َلا َٔانَا‬٣﴿ ُ‫ون َما َٔاعْ ُبد‬ َ ُ‫عَ ا ِبد‬
Translation: Say:
disbelievers! I worship not that
O
‫﴾ َو َلا َٔان ُت ْم‬٤﴿ ‫عَ اب ٌِد َّما عَ َبدت ُّْم‬
which ye worship; Nor worship ‫﴾ َل ُك ْم‬٥﴿ ُ‫ون َما َٔاعْ ُبد‬ َ ُ‫عَ ا ِبد‬
ِ ‫دِي ُن ُك ْم َول َِي د‬
ye that which I worship. And I
﴾٦﴿ ‫ِين‬
shall not worship that which ye
worship. Nor will ye worship
that which I worship. Unto you
your religion, and unto me my
religion. (Quran 109, Pickthall).
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Surat al-Kawthar
Inna a‘taynaka l-Kawthar.
Fasalli li Rabbika wanhar. Inna ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
shani’aka huwa l-abtar.
Translation: Lo! We have
‫﴾ َف َص ِّل‬١﴿ ‫إِنَّا َٔاعْ َط ْي َن َاك ا ْل َك ْو َث َر‬
given thee Abundance; So pray ‫﴾ إ َِّن َشا ِنئ ََك‬٢﴿ ‫ِل َر ِّب َك َوان َْح ْر‬
﴾٣﴿‫هُ َو ال َٔا ْب َت ُر‬
unto thy Lord, and sacrifice.
Lo! It is thy insulter (and not
thou) who is without posterity.
(Quran 108, Pickthall).

Surat al-Ma‘un
Ara’ayta lladhi yukadhdhibu ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
bi d-din. Fadhalika lladhi yadu‘u
l-yatim. Wa la yahuddu ‘ala
ta‘ami l-miskin. Fa waylulli
﴾١﴿ ‫ين‬ ِ ِّ‫َٔا َر َٔا ْي َت ا َّلذِ ي ُي َك ِّذ ُب ِبالد‬
l-musallin. Alladhinahum ‘an ﴾٢﴿ ‫ِيم‬ َ ‫َف َذل َِك ا َّلذِ ي َيدُ عُّ ا ْل َيت‬
salatihim sahun. Alladhinahum ‫ولا يحض َلى َطعام ا ْل س ين‬
yura’un, wa yamna‘una l-ma‘un.
ِ ِ‫َ ِ مِ ْ ك‬ َ‫َ َ ُ ُّ ع‬
Translation: Hast thou
َّ
‫﴾ الذِ َين‬٤﴿ ‫﴾ َف َو ْي ٌل ِّلل ُم َصل َين‬٣﴿
ِّ ْ
observed him who belieth ﴾٥﴿‫ون‬ َ ُ‫هُ ْم عَ ن َصلا ِت ِه ْم َساه‬
religion? That is he who repelleth ‫ون‬َ ‫﴾ َو َي ْم َن ُع‬٦﴿‫ون‬ َ ‫ا َّلذِ َين هُ ْم ُي َرا ُؤ‬
the orphan, And urgeth not the
feeding of the needy. Ah, woe ﴾٧﴿‫ون‬ َ ُ‫ا ْل َماع‬
unto worshippers Who are
heedless of their prayer; Who
would be seen (at worship) Yet
refuse small kindnesses! (Quran
107, Pickthall).

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Surat al-Quraysh
Li ilafi Qurayshin, ilafihim ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
rihlata sh-shita’i wa s-sayf.
Falya‘budu rabba hadha l-bayti ‫﴾ إِيلا ِف ِه ْم ِر ْح َلة‬١﴿ ‫اف ُق َر ْي ٍش‬ ِ ‫ل ٕاِي َل‬
lladhi at‘amahum min ju‘iwwa
amanahum min khawf.
‫﴾ َف ْل َي ْع ُبدُ وا‬٢﴿ ‫الص ْي ِف‬
َّ ‫َ الشِّ َتاء َو‬
Translation: For the taming
‫﴾ ا َّلذِ ي‬٣﴿ ‫َر َّب هَ َذا ا ْل َب ْي ِت‬
of Qureysh. For their taming ‫وع َوآ َم َن ُهم‬ٍ ‫َٔا ْط َع َم ُهم ِّمن ُج‬
(We cause) the caravans to set
forth in winter and summer. So
﴾٤﴿ ‫ف‬ٍ ‫ِّم ْن خَ ْو‬
let them worship the Lord of
this House, Who hath fed them
against hunger and hath made
them safe from fear. (Quran 106,
Pickthall).

Surat al-Fil
Alam tara kayfa fa‘ala ‫ب ِْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّرحِ ِيم‬
rabbuka bi ashabi l-fil. Alam
yaj‘al kaydahum fi tadlil. Wa ‫َٔا َل ْم َت َر َك ْي َف َف َع َل َر ُّب َك‬
arsala ‘alayhim tayran ababil.
Tarmihim bihijaratim min sijjil.
‫﴾ َٔا َل ْم َي ْج َع ْل‬١﴿ ‫ِيل‬ ِ ‫اب ا ْلف‬ ِ ‫ِب َٔا ْص َح‬
Faja‘alahum ka‘asfim ma’kul. ﴾٢﴿ ‫ِيل‬ ٍ ‫َك ْيدَ هُ ْم فِي ت َْضل‬
Translation: Hast thou not ﴾٣﴿ ‫ِيل‬ َ ‫َو َٔا ْر َس َل عَ َل ْي ِه ْم َط ْير ًا َٔا َباب‬
seen how thy Lord dealt with
the owners of the Elephant? Did
﴾٤﴿ ‫يل‬ ٍ ‫َت ْرمِي ِهم بِحِ َجا َر ٍة ِّمن سِ ِّج‬
He not bring their stratagem to ﴾٥﴿ ٍ‫ف َّم ْٔا ُكول‬ ٍ ‫َف َج َع َل ُه ْم َك َع ْص‬
naught, And send against them
swarms of flying creatures,
Which pelted them with stones
of baked clay, And made them
like green crops devoured (by
cattle)? (Quran 105, Pickthall).
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Contents
Religious Knowledge Through Questions and Answers ......5
32 Fards ......................................................................................8
Cleanliness for the Bathroom ................................................11
Wudu’ ......................................................................................11
Tayammum ............................................................................. 17
Ghusl ........................................................................................20
The Adhan ...............................................................................23
The Prayer (Salah) ..................................................................26
Al-Kalimat at-Tawhid and its Explanation ...........................52
Belief in the Angels .................................................................59
Belief in the Scriptures ...........................................................61
Belief in the Prophets .............................................................62
Belief in the Hereafter ............................................................63
Belief in Qadar and Qada ...................................................... 67
Khayr and Sharr (Good and Bad/Evil) .................................68
Readings of Surahs for the Salah (Prayer) ............................70

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