Scribd
Upload
227 views

Potentiometric Titration

Potentiometric titration is a method of analysis that determines the concentration of an ion or substance by measuring the potential developed by a sensitive electrode immersed in the solution. During titration, the concentration of the active ion decreases, changing the electrode potential, which can indicate the endpoint. The potential is measured against a reference electrode. By recording potential changes with small additions of titrant and plotting a graph, the maximum change in potential indicates the equivalence point where titration is complete. Conductometric titration similarly measures solution conductance during titration to identify the endpoint.

Uploaded by

tharunvs2911
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
227 views

Potentiometric Titration

Potentiometric titration is a method of analysis that determines the concentration of an ion or substance by measuring the potential developed by a sensitive electrode immersed in the solution. During titration, the concentration of the active ion decreases, changing the electrode potential, which can indicate the endpoint. The potential is measured against a reference electrode. By recording potential changes with small additions of titrant and plotting a graph, the maximum change in potential indicates the equivalence point where titration is complete. Conductometric titration similarly measures solution conductance during titration to identify the endpoint.

Uploaded by

tharunvs2911
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Potentiometric Titration

⮚ It is a method of analysis in which we determine the


concentration of an ion or substance by measuring the potential
developed when a sensitive electrode is immersed in the
solution of the species to be determined.

Theory
❖ The potential of an electrode dipping in solution of electrolyte
depends upon the concentration of active ions.
❖ A small change in active ion concentration in the solution
changes the electrode potential correspondingly.
❖ During the course of titration, the concentration of active ion
decreases, thereby the electrode potential of indicator electrode
(working electrode) decreases.
❖ The measurement of indicator electrode potential can serve as a
good induction of end point of the titration.
❖ The potential of Indicator electrode is measured
potentiometrically by connecting with a reference electrode
(Saturated Calomel Electrode).
Determination of End point (Equivalence point)
❖ The emf of a cell change by the addition of a small amount of
titrant. So, concentration of active ion in contact with indicator
electrode changes.
❖ Record the change in emf with every one ml addition of the
titrant.
❖ The changes of potential will be slow at first, but at equivalence,
the point change will be sharp.
❖ The values are tabulated and a graph is plotted between emf (y
axis) and volume of the titrant (x axis).
❖ Also plot a graph ie) Change in emf with addition of titrant
(⧍E/⧍V) is plotted against volume (V).
❖ The maximum of the curve gives the end point.

⮚ Fig (a)– Volume of Titrant Vs Emf


⮚ Fig(b) Volume of titrant Vs (⧍E/⧍V)
Redox Titration
Indicator electrode – Metal electrode (Pt,Au,Ag)
Reference electrode- Saturated Calomel Electrode
Titrant - Oxidizing Agent (K2Cr2O7)
Analyte -Reducing Agent (FAS/FeSO4

Advantages of Potentiometric Titrations


⮚ Potentiometric titrations can be carried out in colored solutions,
where indicators cannot be used
⮚ There is no need of prior information about the relative strength
of titrant before the titration.
Applications of Potentiometric Titrations
 Analysis of pollutants in water
 Drug analysis in Pharmaceutical industry
 Food industry for analysis of quality
 It is used as analytical tool in textile, paper, paints, explosive
energy and more.
CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION
⮚ It is volumetric method based on the measurement of
conductance of the solution during the titration.
⮚ Conductance depends on (a) Number and Charge on the free
ions
(b) Mobility of the ions
Process
⮚ Taking a solution to be titrated in a beaker kept in a water bath
at a constant temperature.
⮚ Conductivity cell is dipped and connected to a conductivity
bridge.
⮚ The titrant is added from the burette(Fig)
⮚ Conductance is measured each addition of solution.
⮚ Recorded value is plotted
⮚ From the graph end point is noted.

Types of Conductometric Titrations


 Acid –Base titration
 Strong Acid Vs Strong Base
 Weak Acid Vs Strong Base
 Mixture of Weak and Strong Acid Vs Strong Base
 Precipitation titration
 Replacement titration
 Redox titration
 Complexometric titration
Procedure
 Calibrate the instrument by releasing the calibration knob
 Standard Sodium Hydroxide is taken in the burette
 The given acids is made upto 100ml in the standard measuring
flask (SMF)
 20 ml of made up acids + 20 ml of conductivity water are added
in 100 ml beaker
 Conductance is noted for addition of every 1ml of Standard
Sodium Hydroxide
 Plot a graph between Volume of Standard Sodium Hydroxide Vs
Conductance
 End Points I & II are noted from the graph
 Equivalent Weight of Hydrochloric Acid = 36.5
 Equivalent Weight of Acetic Acid = 60

Mixture of Weak and Strong Acid Vs Strong Base


(HCl and CH3COOH Vs NaOH)
HCl + NaOH → NaCl +H2O

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COO-Na+ +H2O


Note :
HCl being a much stronger acid get neutralized first. The titration of
sodium hydroxide against CH3COOH will commence next. As HCl is
stronger than CH3COOH, it is neutralized first due to the replacement
of fast-moving H+ ions are replaced by the slow-moving Na+ ions.
As a result, conductance of the solution decreases. After the end
point, addition of sodium hydroxide will react with weak acetic acid
which will increase the conductance slowly. Further addition of
NaOH will cause sudden increase in the conductance.

Advantages

 This method can be used with very diluted Solution


 This method can be used with Colored and Turbid solution in
which the end point cannot be seen clearly
 This method can be used in which there is no suitable indicator
 Used for acid-base, redox, precipitation titration etc.,

You might also like