FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.4

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___

UNIT 4- DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

MODULE OVERVIEW

In this module, we will discuss the geographic hazards and disaster risk profiles in the Philippines.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, the students are expected to:

• Update knowledge on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
• Acquire skills in responding on disaster incidence with their capacity
• Appreciate the impact of disaster by building sustainable and resilient communities

LEARNING CONTENTS

GEOGRAPHIC HAZARDS AND DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES

• The Philippines, by virtue of its geographic circumstances, is highly prone to natural disasters, such
as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones and floods, making it one of the most disaster
prone countries in the world.
• The disaster risk profile report of the Philippines seeks to document the impacts of natural disaster on
the social and economic development of the Philippines; assess the country’s current capacity to
reduce and manage disaster risk; and identify options for more effective management of that risk.
• The Philippine institutional arrangement and disaster management systems tends to rely on a
response, or reactive approach, in contrast to a more effective proactive approach, in which disaster
are avoided, by appropriate land-use planning, construction and other pre-event measures which
avoid to creation of disaster-prone conditions.
• To evolve to a more proactive role, it is important that a national framework for comprehensive
disaster risk management be prepared and implemented.
PHILIPPINE SITUATIONER
• Over the past two decades, the Philippines endured a total of 274 natural calamities, making it the
4th most disaster-prone country in the world.
• This study is based on “Human Cost of Weather Related Disasters,” a study conducted by the
Geneva-based United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) and the Belgian-
based Centre on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)
• It covered the period between 1995 and 2015. According to the report, the other countries hit by the
highest number of disasters were United States (472), China (441), India (288), and Indonesia
(163).
• This report also revealed that the Philippines was among the top ten countries with the most
number of people affected by disasters, at 130 billion.
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK PROFILE
• The Philippines is vulnerable to almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographical
location.
1. Located within the Circum-Pacific belt of fires and along typhoon path, the Philippines becomes
exposed to natural perils like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and their resultant effects
like tsunami, landslides, floods, and flashfloods.
2. As an archipelago with 7,641 islands, the threat of tsunami affecting the country’s coastal areas
is not far-fetched.
3. The Moro Gulf Earthquake with 7.6 intensity triggered a tsunami which affected Southern
Philippines and resulted to the death of around 3,800 persons and destruction of properties.
4. Yearly, the country experiences an average of 20 typhoons, half of these are destructive, is a
host of 220 volcanoes, 22 of which are active, as well as active faults and trenches that are
potential sources of earthquakes.
5. The country has also its episodes of human-made disasters such as urban fires, land and sea
mishaps, and complex emergency, mostly in Southern Philippines because of the secessionist
movement, coupled with its vulnerability to floods and other natural hazards.
• The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries in the world. The social and

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Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.4

economic cost of natural disasters in the country is increasing due to population growth, change in
land-use patterns, migration, unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation, and global climate
change.
• Reducing the risk of disasters will be the key to achieving the development goals of the Philippines.
Hazards Classification in the Philippines
1. Natural Hazards
- They are natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a
damaging event.
- It can be classified by origin: geographical, hydro-meteorological, and biological.
a. Geographical Hazards – natural earth processes or phenomena in the biosphere, which
include geological, neo-tectonic, geophysical, geomorphological, geotechnical, and hydro-
geological nature.
Examples: eathquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity and emissions, etc.
b. Hydro-meteorological Hazards – natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature.
Examples: floods, debris and mud flows, tropical cyclones, storm surge, etc.
c. Biological Hazards – process of organic or those conveyed by biological vectors, including
exposure to pathogenic micro-organism, toxins, and bioactive substances.
Examples: outbreak of epidemic diseases
2. Technological Hazards (Anthropogenic Hazards)
- Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents, dangerous procedures,
infrastructure failures or certain human activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury,
property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
- Examples are: industrial pollution, nuclear activities, or radioactivity
3. Environmental Degradation
- It is processed include by human behaviour and activities (sometimes combined with natural
hazards) that damage the natural resource base or adversely alter natural processes or
ecosystems.
- Examples are: deforestation, pollutions, climate change, sea level rise

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Written activity:
Do the drop/duck, cover, and hold – the first three things to do during earthquake. Capture yourself
with your camera when doing it for documentation purposes.

REFERENCES

1. Republic Act 9163 NSTP Act of 2001

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Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.4

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M.P.A. 2012. Understanding the National Service Training Program.

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Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.4

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