Transformation of a Graph

Transformation of Graph
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 Transformation of a Graph

What is transformation of a graph?

Transformation is method to find graph of an unknown expression

from a graph of a known expression.
 Transformation of a Graph

Equation of Graph Transformation

f(x) → f(x + k), k>0 Graph goes to left by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(x - k), k>0 Graph goes to right by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(x) + k, k>0 Graph goes up by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(x) - k, k>0 Graph goes down by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(kx), k>0 Points on x-axis divided by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(x/k), k>0 Points on x-axis multiplied by ‘k’ units

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

f(x) → - f(x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in x-axis

 Transformation of a Graph

Equation of Graph Transformation

f(x) → f(|x|) 1) Draw the graph of y = f(x)
2) Remove the left portion of the graph
3) Take the mirror image of the right portion of the curve in the Y-
axis.
Also include the right portion of the graph of y = f(x)

f(x) → |f(x)| 1) Draw the curve y = f(x)

2) Take the mirror image of the lower portion of the curve in x-
axis
3) Reject the lower part (or flip lower part into upper)

f(x) → f(kx), k>1 Stretch the graph of y = f(x) ‘k’ times along y-axis

f(x) → f(x)/k, k>1 Shrink the graph of y = f(x) ‘k’ times along y-axis
 Transformation of a Graph
Can you DRAW this in 10 Seconds?

y = loge |x|
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 1

f(x) → f(x + k), k > 0 Graph goes to left by ‘k ’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 1

f(x) → f(x + k), k>0 Graph goes to left by ‘k’ units

x→x+1
y = x2 y = (x + 1)2
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 1

f(x) → f(x + k), k>0 Graph goes to left by ‘k’ units

x→x+1
y = x2 y = (x + 1)2
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Which of the following graph represents y = (x + 2)2

A B

C D
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = √(x+1)

x→x+1
y = √x y = √(x+1)
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = √(x+1)

x→x+1
y = √x y = √(x+1)
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x + 2|

x→x+2
y = |x| y = |x + 2|
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x + 2|

x→x+2
y = |x| y = |x + 2|
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(x+1)

x → x +1
y = logx y = log(x+1)
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(x+1)

x→x+1
y = logx y = log(x+1)
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 2

f(x) → f(x - k), k>0 Graph goes to right by ‘k’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 2

f(x) → f(x - k), k>0 Graph goes to right by ‘k’ units

x→x-1
y = x2 y = (x - 1)2
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 2

f(x) → f(x - k), k>0 Graph goes to right by ‘k’ units

x→x-1
y = x2 y = (x - 1)2
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x - 2|

x→x-2
y = |x| y = |x - 2|
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x - 2|

x→x-2
y = |x| y = |x - 2|
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin(x - 1)

x→x-1
y = sinx y = sin(x - 1)
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin(x - 1)

x→x-1
y = sinx y = sin(x - 1)
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 3

f(x) → f(x) + k, k>0 Graph goes up by ‘k’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 3

f(x) → f(x) + k, k>0 Graph goes up by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = x2 + 1
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 3

f(x) → f(x) + k, k>0 Graph goes up by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = x2 + 1
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x| + 2

y = |x| y = |x| + 2
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x| + 2

y = |x| y = |x| + 2
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = ex + 1

y = ex y = ex + 1
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = ex + 1

y = ex y = ex + 1
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 4

f(x) → f(x) - k, k>0 Graph goes down by ‘k’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 4

f(x) → f(x) - k, k>0 Graph goes down by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = x2 - 1
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 4

f(x) → f(x) - k, k>0 Graph goes down by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = x2 - 1

y = x2

y = x2 - 1
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x| - 2

y = |x| y = |x| - 2
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |x| - 2

y = |x| y = |x| - 2

y = |x|

y = |x| - 2
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = cosx - 1

y = cosx y = cosx - 1
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = cosx - 1

y = cosx y = cosx - 1
y = cosx

y = cosx - 1
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 5

f(x) → f(kx), k>0 Points on x-axis divided by ‘k’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 5

f(x) → f ( k x ), k > 0 Points on x-axis divided by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = (2x)2 = 4x2
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 5

f(x) → f ( k x ), k > 0 Points on x-axis divided by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = (2x)2 = 4x2
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin2x

y = sinx y = sin2x
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin2x
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(2x)

y = logx y = log(2x)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(2x)

y = logx y = log(2x)

½
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 6

f(x) → f( x/ k), k>0 Points on x-axis multiplied by ‘k’ units

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 6

f(x) → f( x/ k), k>0 Points on x-axis multiplied by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = (x/2)2= x2/4
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 6

f(x) → f(x/k), k>0 Points on x-axis multiplied by ‘k’ units

y = x2 y = (x/2)2= x2/4
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin(x/2)

y = sinx y = sin(x/2)
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin(x/2)

y = sinx y = sin(x/2)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(x/2)

y = logx y = log(x/2)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log(x/2)

y = logx y = log(x/2)
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 7

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 7

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

y = sinx y = sin(-x)
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 7

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

y = sinx y = sin(-x)
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 7

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

y = sinx y = sin(-x)
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 7

f(x) → f(-x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in the y-axis

y = sinx y = sin(-x)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = e-x

y = ex y = e-x
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = e- x

y = ex y = e-x
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 8

f(x) → - f(x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in x-axis

 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 8

f(x) → - f(x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in x-axis

y = x2 y = -x2
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 8

f(x) → - f(x) Take the mirror image of y = f(x) in x-axis

y = x2

y = -x2
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = -ex

y = ex y = -ex
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = -ex
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = -cosx

y = cosx y = -cosx
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = -cosx

y = cosx y = -cosx
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 9

Transformations How to transform

y = f(x) → y = f(|x|) 1) Draw the graph of y = f(x)
2) Remove the left portion of the graph
3) Take the mirror image of the right portion of the curve in
the Y-axis.
Also include the right portion of the graph of y = f(x)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = e|x|

y = ex y = e|x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = e|x|

y = ex y = e|x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin|x|

y = sinx y = sin|x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = sin|x|

y = sinx y = sin|x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log|x|

y = logx y = log|x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = log|x|

y = logx y = log|x|
 Transformation of a Graph
TRANSFORMATION: 10

Transformations How to transform

y = f(x) → y = |f(x)| 1) Draw the curve y = f(x)
2) Take the mirror image of the lower portion of the curve
in x-axis
3) Reject the lower part (or flip lower part into upper)
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |log x|

y = logx y = |log x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |log x|

y = logx y = |log x|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |sinx|

y = sinx y = |sinx|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |sinx|

y = sinx y = |sinx|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |cosx|

y = cosx y = |cosx|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |cosx|

y = cosx y = |cosx|
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = |ex|

y = ex y = |ex|
 Transformation of a Graph
Note: graph of ex and |ex| both are same
Q. Draw y = |ex|

y = ex y = |ex|
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 11

f(x) → kf(x); k>1 Stretch the graph of y = f(x) ‘k’ times along y-axis
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = 2sinx

y = sinx y = 2sinx
Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = 2sinx
 Transformation of a Graph

TRANSFORMATION: 12

f(x) → f(x)/k; k>1 Shrink the graph of y = f(x) ‘k’ times along y-axis
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = (½)sinx

y = sinx y = (½)sinx
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Draw y = (½)sinx

y = sinx y = (½)sinx
 Transformation of a Graph

Q. Which of the following graph represents y = (x + 2)2

A B

C D
 Transformation of a Graph
Solution:
x→x+2
y = x2 y = (x + 2)2

Shifts y = x2 left by 2