This document provides definitions and explanations of medical terminology related to anatomy and physiology. It defines terms related to specific body systems and organs like the circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems. It also defines anatomical locations, directions, and planes of the body. The document is organized into two units, with the first unit defining over 100 medical prefixes, suffixes, and root words, and the second unit defining structures of the human body and its organization from the cellular level up.
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Chapter 1-4
This document provides definitions and explanations of medical terminology related to anatomy and physiology. It defines terms related to specific body systems and organs like the circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems. It also defines anatomical locations, directions, and planes of the body. The document is organized into two units, with the first unit defining over 100 medical prefixes, suffixes, and root words, and the second unit defining structures of the human body and its organization from the cellular level up.
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UNIT 1:
1. Adenitis: inflammation of a gland
2. Adenoma: tumor of a gland 3. Adenopathy: disease condition of the gland (pathy- disease condition) 4. Anemia: condition of low numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or deficient hemoglobin in these cells. Notice that the root in this term is em, which is shortened from hem, meaning blood. Anemia is a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally “without blood.” 5. Arthralgia: joint pain (arth: joint, algia: pain) 6. Arthritis: inflammation of joint (ittis- inflammation, arth: joint) 7. Arthroscopy: process of visual examination of a joint 8. Autopsy: This term literally means “process of viewing by oneself.” Hence, an autopsy is the examination of a dead body with one's own eyes to determine the cause of death and nature of disease. 9. Biology: process of study living things 10. Biopsy: process of viewing life (removal of living tissue and viewing it under a microscope); process of viewing living tissue (using a microscope). The suffix -opsy means process of viewing. Living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope. 11. Carcinogenic: pertaining to producing cancer 12. Carcinoma: tumor that is cancerous (cancerous tumor) 13. Cardiac: pertaining the heart 14. Cardiology: process of study of the heart 15. Cephalic: pertaining to the head 16. Cerebral: pertaining to the cerebrum, or largest part of the brain 17. Cystitis: inflammation of urinary bladder 18. Cystoscopy: process of visually examining the urinary bladder 19. Cystoscopy: process of visually examining the urinary bladder 20. Cytoscope: an instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder. The cystocope is inserted into the urethra and urinary bladder. 21. CYtology: process of study of cells 22. Diagnosis: complete knowledge, a decision about the nature of the patien’s condition after the appropriate testt are done 23. Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin 24. Endocrine glands: glands that secrete hromones within the body. Examples of these are the pituiary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. 25. Electrocardiogram: record of the elecicity in the heart 26. Electroencephalagram: record of the electricity in the heart 27. Encephaglopathy: Disease condition of the brain 28. Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain 29. Endocrine glands: 30. Endocrinologist: glands specialist 31. Endocrinology: study of glands the secreate hormones 32. Endoscope: Endoscopy is performed with an endoscope. A common endoscopic procedure is a colonoscopy (colon/o = colon or large intestine). 33. Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine 34. Epidermis: This outermost layer of skin lies above the middle layer of skin, known as the dermis. 35. Epigastric: pertaining to above the stomach 36. Erythrocyte: red blood cell 37. Excision: process of cutting out 38. Exocrine glands: secrete chemicals to the outside of the body. Examples are the sweat, lacrimal or tear- producing, prostate, and salivay glands. 39. Gastrectomy: excision of the stomach (extomy: excision, removal), process of cutting out of the stomach 40. Gastric: pertaining to the stomach 41. Gastroenterology: study of the stomach and intestines 42. Gastroitis: inflammation of the stomach 43. Gastrotomy: process of cutting into stomach (tomy: process of cutting, incision) 44. Gynecologist: specialist in female reproductive system 45. Gynecology: study of women and women’s dieases 46. Hematology: study of blood 47. Hematoma: mass of blood 48. Hemoglobin: blood protein (globin: protein); Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells. 49. Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver 50. Hepatoma: A hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a malignant tumor of the liver. 51. Hyperglycemia: condiiton of excessive sugar in the blood 52. Hyperthyroidism: overactive thyroid; Thyroid glands produce too much of the hormone thyroxine (hyper: excessive, above, more than normal; ism: process or condition; thyroid: thyroid gland) 53. Hypodermic: pertaining to under the skin 54. Hypogastric: (hypo: deficient, below, under, less than normal) 55. Hypoglycemia: condition of deficient (low) sugar in the blood 56. Iatrogenic: pertaining to being produced by treatment 57. Incision: the process of cutting into 58. Leukemia: Literally, this term means “a blood condition of white (blood cells).” Actually, it is a condition of blood in which cancerous white blood cells proliferate (increase in number ). 59. Leukocyte: white blood cells 60. Leukocytosis: This condition, a slight increase in normal white blood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection. Don't confuse leukocytosis with leukemia, which is a cancerous (malignant) condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature white blood cells. 61. Nephrectomy: removal (excision or resection) of the kidney 62. Nephritis: inflammation of the kidney 63. Nephrosis: abnormal condition of the kidney (osis: condition, usually abnormal/ slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells) 64. Nephrology: study of kidneys 65. Neural: pertaining to the nerves 66. Neuralgia: pain of nerves, nerve pain 67. Neurologic: pertaining to the study of nerves(log/o: study of) 68. Neurology: study of nerves 69. Oncologist: specialist in tumors (cancerous) 70. Oncology: study of tumors (cancerous) 71. Ophthalmologist: specialist in the eyes 72. Ophthalmology: study of the eyes 73. Ophthalmoscope: instrument to visually examine the eye 74. Opthmolscopy: process of visual examination of the eye 75. Osteitis: inflammation of bone 76. Osteoarthritis: inflammation of bone and joint 77. Osteogenic sarcoma: a malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in bone, which is considered a fleshy (connective) tissue of the body 78. Osteotomy: incision of (process of cutting into) a bone 79. Pathogenic: pertaining to diseases (path/o: diasease) 80. Pathologist: A pathologist examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death. 81. Pathology: study of disease 82. Pediatric: treatment of children 83. Pericardium: the membrance surrounding the heart 84. Prognosis: before knowledge, a prediciton about the outcome of treatment, given after the diagnosis 85. Prostate gland: This exocrine gland “stands” (- state) before or in frone of the male urinary bladder. It produces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells. 86. Psychosis: abnormal condition of the mind 87. Psychiatrist: specialist in the mind 88. Psychiatry: treatment of the mind 89. Psychology: process of study the mind 90. Radiology: study of x- rays in diagnostic imaging 91. Renal: pertaining to the kidney 92. Resection: process of cutting back (in the sense of “cutting out” or removal) 93. Retrocardiac: pertaining to behind the heart 94. Rhinitis: inflammation of the nose 95. Sacroma: tumor of flesh tissue (cancerous tumor found in connective tissue such as bone, fat and muscle) 96. Subhepatic: pertaining to below the liver. A combining vowel is not needed between the prefix and the root 97. Thrombocyte: clotting cell (platelet) 98. Transhepatic: pertaining to across or through the liver 99. Urology: study of the urinary tract Urologist: specialist in the urinary tract UNIT 2: STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY: Cell: anabolism, catabolism, cell membrane, chromosomes, cytoplasm, DNA, ER, genes, karyotype, metabolism, mitochondria, nucleus Human: digestive, urinary or excretory, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, nervous, circulatory, musculoskeletal Body cavities: cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, spinal ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS AND QUADRANTS Regions: Right/ left hypochondriac region, epigastric, right/ left lumbar, umbilical, right/ left inguinal, hypogastric, inguinal Quadrants: Right/ left upper/ lower quadrant DIVISIONS OF THE BACK (SPINAL COLUMN): Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal PORITIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS: Anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal), deep, superficial, proximal, distal, inferior, superior, medial, lateral, supine, prone PLANES OF THE BODY: Frontal (coronal) plane, sagittal (lateral) plane, transverse (axial) plane 1. Abdomen: space below chest containing liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines 2. Abdominal cavity: cavity below the chest containing the stomach, liver and gallbladder 3. Adipose tissue: collection of fat cells 4. Anabolism: the process of building up proteins in a cell 5. Anterior (ventral): Front side of the body. Example: The forehead is on the anterior (ventral) side of the body. 6. Cartilage: flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints 7. Catabolism: complex nutrients are broken down to similar substances and energy is released 8. Cell membrane: structure that surrounds and protects the cell 9. Cephalic: pertaining to the head 10. Cervical: region of the neck; pertaining to the neck of the body or the cervix of the uterus 11. Chondroma: tumor of cartilage 12. Chondrosarcoma: flesh tumor of the cartilage 13. Chromosome: rod- shaped structures in the cell nucleus, containing regions of DNA 14. Coccygeal: region of the tailbone; The coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces. 15. Coccyx: tailbone 16. Cranial cavity: cavity surrounded by the skull 17. Craniotomy: incision of the skull 18. Cytoplasm: material of the cell located outside the nucleus and yet enclosed by the cell membrane 19. Deep: Away from the surface. Example: The stab wound penetrated deep into the abdomen. 20. Diaphragm: muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavity 21. Disc: pad of cartilage between vertebrae 22. Distal: pertaining to far from the beginning of a structure 23. Dorsal: (posterior)Back side of the body. Example: The back of the head is posterior (dorsal) to the face. 24. DNA: chemical found within each chromosome 25. Endoplasmic reticulum: network of canals within the cytoplasm; the site of protein synthesis 26. Epidermic: pertaining to skin (surface) cells 27. Epigastric region: area above the stomach 28. Epinephrine: substance secreted by the adrenal glands 29. Epithelial tissue: skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line internal organs 30. Frontal (coronal) plane: Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions. A common chest x-ray view is a PA (posteroanterior—viewed from back to front) view, which is in the frontal (coronal) plane. 31. Genes: regions of DNA within each chromosome 32. Genes chromosomes: rod- shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions 33. Histology: process of study tissues 34. Histologist: a scientist who studies tissues 35. Hypochondriac regions: upper region below the rib cartilage 36. Hypogastric region: area below the umbilicus 37. Iliac: 38. Inferior: below another structure. E.g: The feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees 39. Inguinal regions: areas near the groin 40. Intervertebral: Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones) (inter- between) 41. Intervertebral disc: pad of cartilage between 2 adjourning cavities 42. Intravenous: pertaining to within a vein 43. Karyotype: a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell 44. Laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx (voice box) 45. Larynx: voice box 46. Lateral: pertaining to the side. E.g: When in the anatomic position (palms of the hands facing ourward), the thumb is lateral 47. Lumbar regions: region of the waist 48. Lumbar spine: 49. Lumbosacral: Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back. 49. (lumb/ o: lower back) 50. Medial: Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body. Example: When in the anatomic position (palms of the hands facing outward), the fifth (lile) finger is medial. 51. Mediastinum: space between the lungs 52. Metabolism: the total of the chemical process in a cell 53. Mitochondria: small sausage- shaped structures that are the principal source of energy for the cell; sausage- shaped cellular structures in which catabolism takes place 54. Nucleic: pertaining to the nucleus 55. Nucleus: control center of the cell, containing chromosomes; directs the activities of the cell 56. Pelvic cavity: cavity surrounded by the hip bones 57. Peritoneum: membrane surrounding the abdominal organs 58. Pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx (throat) 59. Pharynx: throat 60. Pituitary gland: endocrine organ located at the base of the brain 61. Pleura: Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung 62. Pleural cavity: space between pleural layers 63. Prone: Lying on the belly. Example: The backbones are examined with the patient in a prone position. A patient lies on his/her stomach in the prone position. 64. Proximal: Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure. Example: The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the hip socket. 65. Sacral: region of the sacrum (S1 to S5) 66. Sacrum 67. Sagittal plane: vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides 68. Sarcoma: tumor of flesh tissue (maglignant) 69. Spinal cavity: cavity surrounded by the bones of the back 70. Spincal column: bony tissue surrounding the spinal cord 71. Spinal cord: nervous tissue within the spinal cavity 72. Superficial: on the surface. E.g: Superficial veins can be viewed through the skin 73. Superior: on the surface of the body 74. Supine: Lying on the back. Example: The patient lies supine during an examination of the abdomen and, in females, during a pelvic (gynecologic) exam. 75. Thoracic: region of the chest; pertaining to the chest 76. Thoracic cavity: cavity in the chest surrounded by the ribs 77. Thoracotomy: incision of the chest 78. Thyroid gland: endocrine gland surrounding the windpipe in the neck 79. Trachea: pertaining to the windpipe 80. Tracheal: pertaining to the windpipe 81. Transverse (axial) plane: Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground. This cross-sectional plane divides the body or structure into upper and lower portions. A CT (computed tomography) scan is one of a series of x-ray pictures taken in the transverse (axial or cross-sectional) plane. 82. Umbilical region: area of the navel 83. Ureter: tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder 84. Urethra: tube leading form the urinary bladder to the outside of the body 85. Uterus: womb 86. Ventral: pertaining to the belly side of the body 87. Vertebra: The spinal column is composed of a series of bones that extend from the neck to the tailbone. Each bone is a vertebra (plural: vertebrae). 88. Vertebrea: plural of vertebra(e) 89. Vertebral: pertaining to the bertebra(e), backbone(s) 90. Viscera: the medical term for internal organs 91. Visceral: pertaining to internal organs UNIT 3: 1. Abdominocentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen 2. Achondroplasia: condition of improper formation of cartilage in the embryo that leads to short bones and dwarfism 3. Acromegaly: enlargement of extremities; an endocrine disorder that causes excess growth hormone to be produced by the pituitary gland after puberty 4. Acrophobia: fear of heights 5. Acute: Acute is the opposite of chronic. It describes a disease that is of rapid onset and has severe symptoms and brief duration. - Characterized by severe symptoms and a short course of illness. 6. Adenoids: The adenoids are small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. The literal meaning, “resembling glands,” is appropriate because they are neither endocrine nor exocrine glands
7. Adipose: pertaining to fat
8. Agoraphobia: fear of open spaces and being away from home alone ( agora means market place 9. Amniocentesis: surgical procedure to remove fluid from the sac around a fetus 5. Anemia: condition of low numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or deficient hemoglobin in these cells. Notice that the root in this term is em, which is shortened from hem, meaning blood. - Anemia is a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in decreased 11. Angiogenesis 12. Angiography: process of recording (x- ray) blood vessels 13. Arteriole: a small artery 14. Arthroscopy: visual examination of joints 15. Arteriosclerosis: hardening of arteries 16. Arthralgia: pain of joint 17. Atrophy: no development; shrinkage of cells 18. Axillary: pertaining to the armpit (under arm) 19. Basophil: granulocytic white blood cell that increase during the healing phase of inflammation 20. Biopsy: view of living tissue under a microscope 21. Blepharoptosis 22. Bronchitis: inflammation of the tubes leading from the windpipe to the lungs 23. Blephraisits: inflammation o the eyelid 24. Carcinogenesis: process of producing cancer 25. Carcinogenic 26. CArdiac: pertaining to the heart 27. Cardiomyopathy: disease condition of heart muscle 28. Chemotherapy: treatment using drugs 29. Chondromalacia: softening of cartilage 30. Chronic: pertaining to the time ( over a long period of time) >< acute 31. Colostomy: opening ò the lager intestine to the outside of the body 32. Cystocele: hernia of the urinary bladder 33. Electrocephalograph 34. Electroencephalogram 35. Electroencephalography 36. Eosinophil: leukocyte with reddish- staining granules and numbers elevated in allergic reactions 37. Erythrocyte: red blood cell 38. Erythropenia: Deficiency of red blood cells
39. Esophagus: tube leading from the throat to stomach
40. Inguinal: pertaining to the groin 41. Ischemia: to hold back blood from cells 42. Hematoma 43. Hemolysis 44. Hemostasis: stoppage of the flow of blood (by mechanical or natural means) 45. Hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver 46. Hydronephrosis: abnormal condition of water (fluid) in the kidney 47. Hydrotherapy: treatment using water 48. Hypertrophy: excessive development of cells (increase in size of individual cells) 49. Inguinal 50. Ischemia 51. Laparoscope: instrument to visually examine the abdomen 52. Laparoscopy: process of viewing (visual examination) the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity 53. Laparotomy: incision of the abdomen 54. Laryngeal: pertaining to the voice box 55. Laryngectomy 56. Leukemia 57. Leukocyte 58. Leukocytosis 59. Lymphocyte: mononuclear white blood cell that destroys foreign cells by making antibodies 60. Mammogram: record (x- ray film) of the breast 61. Mammoplasty: surgical repair of the breast 62. Mastectomy: removal of the breast 63. Metastasis: beyond control; spread of a cancerous tumor to another organ 64. Monocyte: mononuclear white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris; contains one large nucleus 65. Morphology: study of the shape ( f cells) 66. Mucous membrane 67. Mucus: pertaining to the mucous 68. Myalgia: pain of muscle 69. Myelitis: inflammation of the spinal cord 70. Myeloma: tumor of bone marrow 71. Myoma: tumor (benign) of muscle 72. Myocardial 73. Myosarcoma: flesh tumor (malignant) of muscle 74. Necropsy 75. Necrosis: condition of death (of cells) 76. Necrotic: pertaining to death 77. Nephrologist 78. Nephropathy: disease condition for the kidney 79. Neuralgia 80. Neutropenia 81. Neutrophil: granulocytic white blood cell (granules stain purple) that destroys foreign cells by engulfing and digesting them; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte 82. Ophthalmology: study of the eye 83. Opioid: the substance derived from opium 84. Osteogenic 85. Osteomalacia: softening of bone 86. Otalgia 87. Paracentesis 88. Pathogenesis 89. Pathologic 90. Pericardium: membrane surrounding the heart 91. Peritoneal: pertaining to the peritoneum (membrane around the abdominal organs) 92. Phlebotomy: incision of a vein 93. Platelet 94. Pleural: pertaining to the membranes surrounding the lungs 95. Pleurodynia: pain of the chest wall; and the membrane surrounding the lungs 96. Pneumonia: condition of the lungs 97. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte 98. Ptosis 99. Pulmonary 100. Radiographer 101. Radiotherapy: treatment using x- rays 102. Rectocele 103. Rhinorrhea: discharge from the nose 104. Rhinoplasty: surgical repair of the nose 105. Spleenomegarly: enlargement of the spleen 106. Staphylococci: berry- shaped bacteria in clusters 107. Streptococcus: berry- shaped bacteria in twisted chains 108. Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest 109. Thrombocyte: clotting cell; also called a platelet 110. Thrombocytopenia 111. Thrombophlebitis 112. Tonsillar 113. Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsils 114. Tracheostomy: new opening of the windpipe to the outside of the body 115. Tracheotomy 116. Venule: a small vein UNIT 4: 1. Abductor 2. Abnormal 3. Adductor: muscle that carries the limb toward the body 4. Adrenal glands: glands that are located near (above) each kidney 5. Anabolism: process of building up proteins in cells by putting together small pieces of proteins called amino acids 6. Analysis: to separate 7. Anoxia: condition of no oxygen in tissues 8. Ante cibum (a.c.) 9. Anteflexion: bending forward 10. Antepartum: before birth 11. Antibiotic: chemical substance, such as erythromycin (-mycin= mold), made from molds and used against bacterial life 12. Antibody: protein made by lymphocytes in response to the presence in the blood of a specific antigen 13. Antigen: a foreign agent (virus or bacterium) that causes production of antibodies 14. Antisepsis: against infection 15. Antitoxin: an antibody that acts against poisons that enter the body 16. Apnea: absence of breathing 17. Autoimmune disease: disorder in which the body’s own leukocytes makes antibodies that damage its own good tissue 18. Benign 19. Bifurcation: branching into tqo 20. Bilateral: pertaining to two (both) side 21. Bradycardia: slow heartbeat 22. Catabolism: process of burning for (breaking it down) and releasing the energy stored in the food 23. Congenital anomaly: irregularity present at birth 24. Connective tissue 25. Contraindication: reason that a doctor would advise against taking a specific medication 26. Contralateral: pertaining to the opposite side 27. Dehydration: lack of water 28. Dialysis: separation of wastes from the blood by using a machine that does the job of the kidney 29. Diameter 30. Diarrhea: watery discharge of wastes from the colon 31. Dusentery 32. Dysplasia: condition of abnormal formation (of cells) 33. Dyspnea: painful breathing 34. Dystrophy: a group of congenital disorders involving abnormal development of muscle mass and strength is muscular dystrophy 35. Ectopic pregnancy: pregnancy that is out of place (outside the uterus) 36. Endocardium: structure (membrane) that forms the inner lining of the heart 37. Endoscope: instrument to visually examine within the body 38. Endotracheal: pertaining to within the windpipe 39. Epithelium: surface or skin tissue of the body 40. Euphoria: good (exaggerated) feeling (of well-being) 41. Euthyroid: normal thyroid function 42. Exophthalmos: outward bulging of the eyeballs 43. Hemiglossectomy: removal of half of the tongue 44. Hyperglycemia: blood condition of excessive amount of sugar 45. Hyperplasia: condition of excessive formation (number of cells) 46. Hypertension 47. Hypertrophy: increase in development (size of cells) 48. Hypodermic injection 49. Hypoglycemia: blood condition of less than normal sugar 50. Incision: a cut into an organ or tisssue 51. Infracostal: pertaining to below the ribs 52. Insomniac: inability to sleep 53. Intercostal: pertaining to between the ribs 54. Intravenous: pertaining to with a vein 55. Macrocephaly: condition (congenital anomaly) of large head 56. Malaise: vague feeling of bodily discomfort 57. Malignant: harmful, cancerous 58. Metacarpal bones: hand bones (beyond the wrist) 59. Metamorphosis: condition of change ins shape or form 60. Metastasis: spread of a cancerous tumor to a secondary organ or tissue 61. Microcephaly: decrease development of a infant’s head and brain 62. Microscope: instrument used to view small objects 63. Neonatal: pertaining to new birth 64. Neoplasm: new growth or tumor 65. Pancytopenia: deficiency of all (blood) cells 66. Paralysis: loss of movement in muscles 67. Parathyroid glands: four endocrine glands that are located near (behne) another endocrine gland in the neck 68. Percutaneous: pertaining to through the skin 69. Pericardium: membrane surrounding the heart 70. Polymorphonuclear 71. Polyneuritis: inflammation of many nerves 72. Postmortem: after death 73. Postpartum 74. Precancerous 75. Prenatal 76. Prodrome: symptoms that come before the actual illness 77. Prolapse: sliding, sagging downward or forward 78. Prosthesis: artificial limb or part of the body (literally to put or place forward) 79. Recombinant DNA: technique of transferring genetic material from one organism into another 80. Relapse: return of a disease or its symptoms 81. Remission: symptoms lessen and a patient feels better 82. Retroflexion: bending backward 83. Retroperitoneal: pertaining to behind the peritoneum 84. Subcutaneous: pertaining to below the skin 85. Suprapubic: above the pubic bone 86. Symbiosis 87. Symmetry 88. Symphysis 89. Symptom: subjective change of condition as observed by a patient 90. Syndactyly: congenital anomaly in which fingers or toes are webbed (formed together) 91. Syndrome: group of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a particular disorder; Group of objective findings that characterize an abnormal condition 92. Synthesis 93. Tachypnea: rapid, fast breathing 94. Transfusion 95. Transurethral: pertaining to the urethra 96. Ultrasonography: process of using sound waves to create an image of organs and structures in the body 97. Unilateral: pertaining to one side
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