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WMC Chapter 1

This document is a handout for a course on wireless and mobile communication systems. It provides an overview of the course contents, including the basic principles of wireless communications, a history of wireless communication systems organized by generation, and the types of wireless communication systems. It discusses trends in the field such as higher data rates, ubiquitous wireless devices, smart antennas, faster/smaller/cheaper hardware, frequency congestion, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The document aims to introduce students to the key concepts that will be covered during the course.

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49 views6 pages

WMC Chapter 1

This document is a handout for a course on wireless and mobile communication systems. It provides an overview of the course contents, including the basic principles of wireless communications, a history of wireless communication systems organized by generation, and the types of wireless communication systems. It discusses trends in the field such as higher data rates, ubiquitous wireless devices, smart antennas, faster/smaller/cheaper hardware, frequency congestion, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The document aims to introduce students to the key concepts that will be covered during the course.

Uploaded by

muhabamohamed21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

SAMARA UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

HANDOUTS

Course Title: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems


Course Code: ECEg4283
Academic Year: IV (Communication Engineering)
Semester: II
Instructor Name: SHADAB A.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 1
Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

CHAPTER 1
Overview of Wireless and Mobile Communications
 Basic principles of wireless communications
 History of wireless communication system
 Types of wireless communication systems
 Trends in cellular radio communication systems

Basic principles of wireless communications:


The cellular/mobile system employs a different design approach than most commercial radio and television
systems use. Radio and television systems typically operate at maximum power and with the tallest antennas
allowed by the regulatory agency of the country. In the cellular system, the service area is divided into cells. A
transmitter is designed to serve an individual cell.
Radio access systems are often distinguished by their coverage areas and bit rates, as shown in Fig. Mobile
satellite systems provide global coverage to mobile users, but with very low bit rates. Land mobile radio systems
use terrestrial cellular and microcellular networks to provide wide area coverage to vehicular and pedestrian
users. Fixed wireless access systems provide radio connectivity over a campus or neighborhood area to
stationary users. Finally, wireless local area networks provide stationary in-building users with very high speed
services.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 2
Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

History of Wireless Communication (Generations)

Wireless systems and services have undergone a remarkable development, since the first cellular and cordless
telephone systems were introduced in the early 1980s.
First generation cellular and cordless telephone systems were based on analog FM technology and designed to
carry narrow-band circuit switched voice services.
Second generation cellular and cordless telephone systems were introduced in the early 1990s that use digital
modulation, and offer improved spectral efficiency, and voice quality. However, these second generation
systems are still used for narrow-band voice and data services.
Third generation wireless systems, offer substantially higher bit rates ranging from 9.6 kb/s for satellite users,
144 kb/s for vehicular users, 384 kb/s for pedestrian users to 2.048 Mb/s for indoor office environments. These
systems are intended to provide voice, data, the more bandwidth intensive multimedia services, while satisfying
more stringent availability and quality of service (QoS) requirements in all types’ environments.
Fourth generation systems are also on the horizon that will provide broadband wireless access with asymmetric
bit rates that approach 1 Gb/s.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 3
Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

Types of Wireless Communication System

1. First Generation Cellular Systems:


The early 1970s saw the emergence of the radio technology that was needed for the deployment of mobile radio
systems in the 800/900 MHz band at a reasonable cost. In the early 1980s, many countries deployed first
generation cellular systems based on frequency division multiple accesses (FDMA) and analog FM technology.
In 1979, the first analog cellular system, the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) system, became
operational. In 1981, Ericsson Radio Systems AB fielded the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 900 system, and
in 1983 AT&T fielded the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) as a trial in Chicago.

2. Second Generation Cellular Systems:


Second generation digital cellular systems have been developed throughout the world after 1980’s. These include
the GSM/DCS1800/PCS1900 standard in Europe, the PDC standard in Japan, and the IS 54-/136 and IS-95
standards in the United States.
Second generation cellular systems based on time division multiple accesses (TDMA) and code division
multiple accesses (CDMA). IS-54/136 and IS-95 based on time division multiple access (TDMA) and code
division multiple access (CDMA) technology.

3. Third Generation Cellular Systems:


In March 1992, WARC approved a worldwide spectral allocation in support of IMT-2000 (International Mobile
Telephone by the Year 2000) in the 1885-2200 MHz band. One of the main attributes of IMT-2000 is the
introduction of wireless wide-band packet-switched data services for wireless access to Internet with speeds up
to 2 Mb/s. The key principles of IMT-2000 are:
 Terminal and personal mobility with universal access and worldwide roaming through the use of
portable terminals.
 Expanded range of services as implemented in two phases. Phase 1 will support circuit and packet
switched multimedia with asymmetric user data rates up to 2 Mb/s. Phase 2 will provide user data rates
up to 20 Mb/s. These capabilities will enable applications such as web browsing, file transfer, e-mail,
and traveler information services, and multimedia services such as video conferencing.
 Supplementary services such as call waiting, caller ID, store and forward, etc.
 Unified, seamless, infrastructure that will unify diverse infrastructures such as paging, cellular, and
satellite networks.
 Service transparency to provide the same services everywhere but with different data rates. International
roaming is also desirable with a virtual home environment.
 Spectral efficiency, quality, flexibility, and overall cost improvement as a result of the utilization of
advanced technologies.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 4
Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 5
Samara University ECEg4283: Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems

Trends in Wireless Communications

The theory that engineers use to measure and model wireless communications has changed very little
over the last 30 years. The main reason for this stagnation of development may be summed up as
follows:

1. Higher and Higher Data Rates: The capacity for data transmission and storing of current wireless
systems is continuously increases. To understand the push for higher and higher data rates, it is
useful to consider the trends of memory size and processor speed in the personal computer market.
Higher data rates imply wireless systems that operate with wider bandwidths.

2. Ubiquity of Wireless Devices: Wireless personal communications has permeated nearly every
environment on earth. It is now possible to use a wireless handset in a city, in a car, in the home, in
building, on a boat - the list goes on. Future applications will involve wireless sensors and
impersonal communications between engines, machinery, and appliances.

3. Smart Antennas: Adaptive arrays and other types of smart antenna techniques are emerging
technologies for improving the wireless link interference in a multiple access system. Smart antenna
technology is seen as a cheap solution for mitigating (reduce) the problem of network congestion.

4. Faster, Smaller, Cheaper Hardware


5. Frequency Congestion: One solution is to move outside of common frequency bands and into
higher, un-crowded frequency in the upper microwave and mm-wave bands.

6. Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Systems: A MIMO system uses multiple transmitter


antennas and multiple receiver antennas to break a multipath channel into several individual spatial
channels. Such a system employs space–time coding to increase the link capacity.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering by: Shadab Ahmad Year: 2023 Page | 6

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