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CSS Unit V Internet Infrastructure Security

The document discusses internet infrastructure security and the domain name system (DNS). It provides details on: - The physical hardware, transmission media, and software that make up the internet infrastructure, including servers, storage, networking equipment, and software. - DNS is a host name to IP address translation service that uses a distributed database and hierarchy of name servers. It allows translation between domain names and IP addresses. - The DNS lookup process involves recursive queries to root servers, top-level domain servers and authoritative name servers to resolve domain names to IP addresses for web browsing.

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Aditya Kesarwani
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47 views

CSS Unit V Internet Infrastructure Security

The document discusses internet infrastructure security and the domain name system (DNS). It provides details on: - The physical hardware, transmission media, and software that make up the internet infrastructure, including servers, storage, networking equipment, and software. - DNS is a host name to IP address translation service that uses a distributed database and hierarchy of name servers. It allows translation between domain names and IP addresses. - The DNS lookup process involves recursive queries to root servers, top-level domain servers and authoritative name servers to resolve domain names to IP addresses for web browsing.

Uploaded by

Aditya Kesarwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System Security

Unit V :Internet Infrastructure Security


By
Dr. Shruti Bharadwaj
Internet
Infrastructure

The physical hardware, transmission media, and software used to interconnect computers and
users on the Internet. Includes Internet Servers, Web Servers, Internet Storage, Internet Network
Equipment, and Infrastructure Software.
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Data Format
Domain Name System

 DNS is a host name to IP address translation service.


 DNS is a distributed database implemented in a hierarchy of name servers.
 It is an application layer protocol for message exchange between clients and servers.
Domain Name System Architecture

The Domain name system comprises of Domain Names, Domain Name Space, Name Server that
have been described below:
Domain Names
Domain Name is a symbolic string associated with an IP address. There are several domain
names available; some of them are generic such as com, edu, gov, net etc, while some country
level domain names such as au, in, za, us etc.
Domain Name Space
DNS Root Name Server

 Root Name servers are for top-level domains.

 Authoritative name servers are for subdomains.


Local name resolvers contact authoritative domains when they do not know
a name.
DNS Lookup

 DNS Lookup is a browser-based network tool used to find the IP address of a certain
domain name.
 It displays DNS records showing publicly for the domain name being queried.
 Lookup allows you to use public DNS servers such as Google, Cloudflare, Quad9,
OpenDNS, etc.
 Specify name server, Top-level domain name server, root name server, Authoritative
name server, and other DNS servers for the query.

 Therefore, if you changed your web hosting or DNS records, those changes will reflect
instantly.
 These DNS server IP addresses support IPv4 and IPv6.
How Does DNS Look UP Works
How Does DNS Look UP Works

 Users open a web browser, enter com in the address bar, and presses
Enter button.

 The request, for example.com is routed to a DNS resolver, which manages


by the user's Internet service provider.
 The DNS resolver forwards the request, for example.com to a root DNS
server.
 The DNS resolver again forwards the request, for example.com, this time
to one of the TLD name servers for .com domains. The name server for .
com domains responds to the request with the 2 or 4 name servers
associated with the example.com domain.
 The DNS resolver chooses an example.com, the authoritative name server,
and
forwards the request for example.com to that name server.
How Does DNS Look UP Works

 The website's name server looks in the example.com hosted zone for the example.
com a record, to get the associated value, such as the IP address for a web server,
34.72.102.28, and returns the IP address to the DNS resolver.
 Finally, The DNS resolver for the ISP has the IP address that the user needs. The
resolver returns that value to the web browser. The DNS resolver can store the IP
address, for example.com.

 The web browser sends a request, for example.com using the IP address that it got
from the DNS resolver. This is where the actual content is.
 The web server or other resource at 34.72.102.28 returns the web page, for example.
com to the web browser, and the web browser displays the page.

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