Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)

Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

BSN 1-A26 Schedule: ____________________________________
Section: ____________ 10/02/23
Date: _______________

Lesson title: VITAMINS Materials:

Lesson Objectives: by the end of this module, you should be Pen, SAS, Sample vitamins
able to
1. Differentiate the water and fat-soluble vitamins based on its References:
general properties. ▪ stoker, H. S.
2. Identify different vitamins according to sources and functions (2017).Biochemistry (3rd ed.).
3. Analyze the vitamin deficiency disorders based on the (M. Finch, Ed.) Belmont CA,
symptoms given. USA,page 191-206
▪ Ferrier, D. (2017). Lippincott's
Illustrated Biochemistry (7
4. ed.). Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins,.

Productivity Tip:
Watch this video about some basic of vitamins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmsCJpBuNrE to get an
overview. After, try getting a dose of your daily vitamins or if not, ask someone (family member or friend)
about the vitamins they are taking. Check the label or the content of your/their vitamins. List it down or simply
just take note of it. Later, once you are done with this module, explain the best benefits of the vitamins you or
they are taking.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)

As the Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread, the need to understand which populations are
most at risk of developing severe disease or dying from Covid-19 grows ever more critical. Although
recent studies have found an association between certainly mentioned vitamin (C and D) and Covid-19
severity and mortality, many other scientists continue to make a dispute about such claim since these
studies are only observational and that the association of low level of these vitamins may just be a
marker of being less healthy.
However, since we are not only fighting for this unprecedented pandemic and that we must
continue in our well-being, meanwhile, there’s a wealth of data that shows the role that good nutrition
plays in supporting the immune system. It is well established in journals and scientific evidences that
vitamins and minerals are vital for our immune system. As a society we need to be doing a better job of
getting that message across along with the other important, more common messages.
The only problem left is that people simply are not eating enough of these nutrients. This in turn
could destroy our resistance to infections, or worse, deficiencies of these nutrients can leave us more
susceptible to infections or less able to shake off illness. Consequently, we will see an increase in
disease and all the extra burdens that go along with that increase.
Now, we are paused with the idea of which vitamins should we take to boost our immunity
against infections or might be for the novel coronavirus that has been threatening the health of the
public and ravaging our social and economic progress; or maybe just to simply continue living in good
and better health. Hopefully, with this module, you will be able to learn and get some of the answers.

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

Instructions: "In this chart, reflect on what you know now. Do not worry if you are sure or not sure of
your answers. This activity simply serves to get you started on thinking about our topic. Answer only
the first column, "What I know" based on the question of the second column. Leave the third column
"What I learned" blank at this time.

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

Vitamins in pills may differ from those in 1. Do vitamins in pills differ from Yes, most of the vitamins we get
food depending on the source of the those in food? from the food we eat are better
vitamin and how it was processed. than those contained in pills.
Two deficiency states of vitamins are 2. What are the deficiency states Beriberi- caused by deficiency of
scurvy- caused by a deficiency in vitamin
C, and rickets-caused by a deficiency in of vitamins? Just give at least 2. Vitamin B1, and sideroblastic anemia
vitamin D. -caused by lack of Vitamin B6
While taking vitamins at high doses may 3. Vitamins, are they safe to be
seem like a good way to prevent or treat Vitamin supplements in high doses are
infections, it's important to consult with a taken at high doses to prevent or dangerous. However, it is better to follow the
healthcare professional before doing so. treat infections? rule of 'less is more'.Some vitamins may
Some vitamins can be harmful in high doses and may create health problems if used in higher than
interact with medications or other supplements. recommended doses.
B.MAIN LESSON :
1) Activity 2: Content notes (40 min).
Instructions: Please take note or highlight VERY important and striking
information.

Vitamins, vita, meaning “life,” and from the fact that these
substances were all thought to contain the amine functional group, are
organic compound, essential in small amounts for the proper functioning
of the human body, that must be obtained from dietary sources because
the body cannot synthesize it.

Vitamins differ from the major classes of nutrients in foods (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins)
in the amount required; for vitamins, it is microgram to milligram quantities per day compared with 50–
200 grams per day for the major food nutrients categories. To better understand the small amount of
vitamins needed by the human body, consider the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin B12,
which is 2.0 micrograms per day for an adult. Just 1.0 gram of this vitamin could theoretically supply the
daily needs of 500,000 people. A well-balanced diet usually meets all the body’s vitamin requirements.
However, supplemental vitamins are often required for women during pregnancy and for people
recovering from certain illnesses. One of the most common myths associated with the nutritional
aspects of vitamins is that vitamins from natural sources are superior to synthetic vitamins. In truth,
synthetic vitamins, manufactured in the laboratory, are identical to the vitamins found in foods. The
body cannot tell the difference and gets the same benefits from either source. Vitamins and minerals in
supplements are synthetic forms of the nutrients. The word "synthetic" does not necessarily mean
inferior, however. Even those supplements that claim to have "natural"
ingredients contain some synthetic ingredients. Indeed, if a pill contained
only natural ingredients, it would be the size of a golf ball.
For the most part, our bodies appear to absorb synthetic forms as
well as they do natural forms. The one exception seems to be vitamin E,
which in natural form (RRR-alpha tocopherol) is better absorbed than in

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

synthetic form (all-rac-alpha tocopherol). But most

B complex supplements now contain more natural vitamin E, so
WATER it is well absorbed in pill form.
SOLUBLE
C There are 13 known vitamins, and scientists
VITAMINS believe that the discovery of additional vitamins is
FAT unlikely. Despite searches for new vitamins, it has
SOLUBLE A,D,E,K been more than 70 years since the last of the known
vitamins (folate) was discovered. Strong evidence
that the vitamin family is complete comes from the fact that many people have lived for years being fed,
intravenously, solutions containing the known vitamins and nutrients, and they have not developed any
known vitamin deficiency disease.

Solubility characteristics divide the vitamins into two major classes: the water-soluble vitamins (9 or
nine) and the fat (lipid)-soluble vitamins (4 or four).
Water-soluble vitamins must be constantly replenished in the body because they are rapidly
eliminated from the body in the urine. They are carried in the bloodstream, are needed in frequent,
small doses, and are unlikely to be toxic except when taken in unusually large doses. The fat-soluble
vitamins are found dissolved in lipid materials. They are, in general, carried in the blood by protein
carriers, are stored in fat tissues, are needed in periodic doses, and are more likely to be toxic when
consumed more than need. An important difference exists, in terms of function, between water-soluble
and fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins function as coenzymes for several important
biochemical reactions in humans, animals, and microorganisms. Fat-soluble vitamins generally do not
function as coenzymes in humans and animals and are rarely utilized in any manner by
microorganisms.

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS: B vitamins and Vitamin C

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B1 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Thiamin •Part of •Beri-beri •pork, whole-grain or •Free form: thiamin

•Vit. F an enzyme needed •Wernicke-Korsakoff enriched breads and •Active form:
for energy syndrome (common cereals, legumes, Thiamine
metabolism; in alcoholics) nuts and seeds pyrophosphate (TPP)
important to nerve
function

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B2 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:
•Riboflavin •Part of an enzyme •Blood shot eyes • Large amounts in • Active forms: takes part
• Dairy products in REDOX reaction
•Vitamin G needed for energy •Glossitis • eggs
metabolism; •Flavin Mononucleotide
•Yellow vitamin •Cheilosis • Legumes
(FMN)
important for normal • meats
•Seborrheic dermatitis •Flavin Adenine
vision and skin health • Small amounts in
• leafy green vegetables Dinucleotide (FAD)
• enriched grains

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B3 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:
• Niacin •energy production •Pellagra (3Ds) •Meat, poultry, fish, • Nicotinamide Adenine
• Niacinamide, •maintenance of skin •- Dementia/ whole-grain or Dinucleotide (NAD+)
• Nicotinamide, and tongue Delusions enriched breads and • Nicotinamide Adenine
• Nicotinic acid cereals, vegetables Dinucleotide Phosphate
•improves circulation •- Dermatitis/ Scaly (NAP+)
• Anti-black tongue factor skin sores (mushrooms,
•adjunctive therapy in •
• Antipellagra factor asparagus, and leafy
primary •- Diarrhea
• Pellagra preventing green vegetables),
hyperlipidemia
factor peanut butter

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B5 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Pantothenic acid • Part of an enzyme •Burning foot •Widespread in foods • Coenzyme A (CoA)
•Chick antidermatitis needed for energy syndrome
factor metabolism

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B6 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:
• Pyridoxine (Plants) • role in the prevention of •Sideroblastic anemia •Widespread in foods; • Pyridoxine-5'-
pre-eclampsia Pyrophosphate (PNP)
•Pyridoxal (animals) •peripheral also produced in
• Production of red blood • Pyridoxal-5'-
•Pyridoxamine cells neuropathy intestinal tract by
bacteria Pyrophosphate (PLP)
(animals) • reduce muscle spasm, •Note: too much
cramps and numbness • Pyridoxamine-5'-
intake causes Pyrophosphate (PMP)
• supplement to TB patient permanent nerve
taking Isoniazid to prevent
peripheral neuropathy
damage

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B7 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Biotin • Part of an enzyme • Alopecia •Widespread in foods; • Biotin

•Vit. H needed for energy • Erythroderma also produced in
metabolism desquamativa (leiner’s intestinal tract by
•co-enzyme R, disease) bacteria
•anti-egg white injury •Aka dermatitis
factor seborrhoides infantum

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B9 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Folic acid • Part of an enzyme • Macrocytic anemia •Leafy green •Tetrahydrofolic acid
needed for (megaloblastic)
•Folate making DNA and new
vegetables and
• Neural tube defects: legumes, seeds,
•Pteroylglutamic acid, cells, especially red blood
Spina bifida and
cells orange juice, and
• neede by pregnant women anencephaly liver; now added to
to avoid fetal defects most refined grains

Active coenzyme
Vitamin B12 Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Cobalamin (methy or • Part of an enzyme • Pernicious anemia •Meat, poultry, fish, •5-deoxyadenosyl
cyanocobalamin) needed for making (megaloblastic) seafood, eggs, milk cobalamin (necessary
new cells; important and milk products; for the synthesis of
to nerve function not found in plant DNA
foods

Vitamin C Uses/function Deficiency Sources other form:

•Ascorbic acid • cosubstrate in the • Scurvy (bruising easily, • fruits and vegetables, • Sodium ascorbate,
synthesis of colagen (also bleeding gums, and especially citrus fruits, (buffered, salt form,
•Cevitamic acid for wound healing) tendency for bones to vegetables in the cabbage
fracture) family, cantaloupe, less acidic and
• General antioxidant
• fatigue and joint pain strawberries, peppers, stomach friendly)
• synthesis of
neurotransmitter dopamine • Weight loss tomatoes, potatoes,
& norepinephrine from lettuce, papayas,
• slow healing of wounds
tyrosine & neutransmitter mangoes, kiwifruit
and fractured bones
serotonin from tryptophan • irritable

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS: A, D, E, K

Vitamin A Uses/function Deficiency Sources Other forms:

•Beta-carotene (vit.A •Needed for vision, • Nyctalopia (night • Vitamin A from animal • Retinol (major natural
blindness) sources (retinol): fortified and usable form)
precursor) healthy skin and milk, cheese, cream,
• Xeropthalmia – prolonged • Retinal (aldehyde form
•Note: Anti-infective mucous membranes, deficiency (dry, thickened butter, fortified margarine,
vitamin bone and tooth and wrinkles cornea and eggs, liver of retinol)
growth, immune conjunctiva) • Retinoic acid (active
system health • Growth retardation • Beta-carotene (from plant form, utilized by the skin
• Impotence sources): Leafy, dark
green vegetables; dark
orange fruits (apricots,
• Large doses causes
cantaloupe) and
hypervitaminosis A
vegetables (carrots, winter
squash, sweet potatoes,
pumpkin)

Vitamin D Uses/function Deficiency Sources Active forms:

•Sunshine vitamins •Needed for proper •Rickets - for children • Egg yolks, liver, • Active form: 1,25-
•D2- ergocalciferol absorption •Osteomalacia - for fatty fish, fortified dihydroxycholecalciferol
•D3- cholecalciferol of calcium; stored in adult milk, fortified
bones margarine. When
•One of the hormone
like vitamin exposed to
•Large doses causes sunlight, the skin
hypervitaminosis D can make vitamin
D.

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

Active coenzyme
Vitamin E Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

•Antioxidant; protects •Coronary disease •Polyunsaturated • Beta and delta

• alpha-tocopherol - cell walls associated with plant oils (soybean, tocopherol
greatest biochemical •May reduce the risk decrease in lipid corn, cottonseed,
activity of heart disease absorption and safflower); leafy
• Gamma-tocopherol is transport green vegetables;
the main form of vitamin •Sterility wheat germ; whole-
E in vitamin-E rich grain products; liver;
foods.
egg yolks; nuts and
•Large doses causes
seeds
hypervitaminosis E

Active coenzyme
Vitamin K Uses/function Deficiency Sources
forms:

• 2,methyl-1,4- •exhibit an •Hemorrhage and •Leafy green •Menadione

naphthoquinone antihemorrhagic decrease in red blood vegetables such as •Menaquinone
(structurally) activity needed for cell fragility kale, collard greens, •Phylloquinone
proper blood clotting and spinach; green
• ONLY fat soluble
vegetables such as
broccoli, Brussels vitamins with
sprouts, and coenzyme function
asparagus; also
produced
in intestinal tract by
bacteria

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

Lippincott, 7th ed

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (25 mins + 5 mins checking)

A. Tabulate the difference between the characteristics of the class of vitamins. Check your answers
against the Keys to Correction found at the last pages of this SAS. Write your score ________

Properties Water soluble vitamins Fat soluble vitamins

Absorption first enter into the lymph system
directly into the blood
Transport travel without carriers many require protein carriers
Storage circulate in the water-filled Found in cells associated
parts of the body with fats
Excretion kidneys remove excess in tend to remain in fat-storage
urine sites
Toxicity not likely to reach toxic levels when likely to reach toxic levels when
consumed from supplements consumed from supplements
Dosage frequency needed in periodic doses
needed in frequent doses
Relationship to co-
enzyme Function as coenzymes Do not function as coenzymes

B. Matching Type. MATCH the letter from Column A on items given in column B and C. Write the
letter only on the space provided before the number. Score: __________
COLUMN A: COLUMN B: NAMES COLUMN C: DEFICIENCY
VITAMINS: _____1.Cevitamic
M acid A
_____1.Beri-beri
A. B1 _____2.Biotin
F C
_____2.Pellagra
B. B2 A
_____3.Thiamin B
_____3.Cheilosis
C. B3 D
_____4.Pantothenic acid M
_____4.Scurvy
D. B5 E
_____5.Pyridoxine D
_____5.Burning foot syndrome
E. B6 G
_____6.Pteroylglutamic acid E
_____6.Peripheral neuropathy
F. B7 I
_____7.Retinol J
_____7.Osteomalacia
G. B9 J
_____8.Sunshine vitamin I
_____8.Nyctalopia
H. B12 H
_____9.Cyanocobalamin K
_____9.Sterility
I. A B
_____10.Riboflavin F
_____10.Alopecia
J. D K
_____11.Alpha-tocopherol G
_____11.Megaloblastic anemia
K. E L
_____12.Menadione H
_____12.Pernicious anemia
L. K C
_____13.Niacin L
_____13.Hemorrhage
M. C

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

C. CASE ANALYSIS: Provide short answers

Score: _______

A 6-year-old girl was bought to SWU medical center for

consultation. For about months, he was manifesting irritability,
sweating, poor appetite (which a family had history with children
having malnutrition) as he was fed only with cow’s milk and
biscuits and he even cries when somebody touches him. Upon
consultation and tests, he was having hematuria, edema of
lower extremities, as well as swollen right leg. At admission he
was febrile, pale; his hair was dry and cracked. Clinical
evaluation showed no organomegaly, no neurological signs, prominent gingival bleeding was there
and only one tooth was present.

1. What possible vitamin deficiency is represented by the case? (1pt)

Base on the case represented, Vitamin C deficiency or scurvy is the possible vitamin deficiency.
_________________________________________________
2. List at least 3 signs and symptoms that will justify possible diagnosis. (3pts)
Poor appetite (which a family had history with children having malnutrition may lead to weight loss)
swollen leg,__________________________________________________________________________
hair was dry and cracked, prominent gingival bleeding and only one tooth was present.
3. As an allied health professional, what piece of advice you can give about the child’s
condition? (2pts)
Advice for vitamin C supplementation and other nutrient such as proteins and
__________________________________________________________________________
carbohydrates.
_________________________________________________________________________
·

Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Instruction: To review what was learned from this session, please go back to Activity 1 and answer the
“What I Learned” column. Notice and reflect on any changes in your answers.

Activity 5: Check for Understanding (20 mins)

Instruction: Now it’s time for you to figure this one out on your own! Take time to read, analyze, and
understand the following scenarios. For this instance, you will not have the chance to check if you have
the correct answers since there are no more keys to correction.

MULTIPLE CHOICE: WRITE the letter of your choice before each number.

1. Megaloblastic anemia is observed in the deficiency of which of the following?

a. Folate
b. Pyridoxine
c. Cyanocobalamin
d. Ascorbic acid

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

2. Which of the following is the coenzyme of Vitamin B5?

a. Biotin
b. Pyridoxamine-5'-Pyrophosphate (PMP)
c. Thiamine triphosphate (TTP)
d. Coenzyme A

3. Vitamin G is also known as?

a. Vitamin B2
b. Vitamin B9
c. Vitamin B6
d. Vitamin B12

4. Patient with tuberculosis undergoing treatment may result to which of the following
condition.
a. Streptomycin precipitated peripheral neuropathy
b. Rifampicin-B6 deficiency
c. Ethambutol associated anemia
d. Isoniazid-induced pellagra

5. Which of the following vitamin therapy may resolve the condition associated (in question
no. 4) upon administration?
a. B5
b. C
c. B6
d. B3
6. These vitamins are part of an enzyme needed for energy metabolism, EXCEPT FOR:
a. C b. B7 c. B5 d. B1

7. The following are symptoms seen in Pellagra, EXCEPT FOR:

a. Dementia b. Dermatitis c. Dysmenorrhea d. Diarrhea
8. All are active forms of Vitamin K except for?
a. Menadione b. Menaquinone c. Ergocalciferol d. Phylloquinone

9. Commonly associated/called as sunshine vitamin.

a. A b. D c. E d. K

10. The deficiency of this vitamin leads to haemorrhage and decrease in red blood cell fragility.
a. A b.C c.E d. K

11. Burning foot syndrome is associated with what B vitamn deficiency

a. B1 b.B3 c.B5 d.B7

12. This vitamin is needed by pregnant patients to avoid fetal defects.

a. Vitamin K

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin B9
d. Vitamin B2

D. LESSON WRAP-UP

1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

A. Work Tracker: You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session
number you just completed.
P1 P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B. Think about your Learning:

Tell me about your thoughts! Today’s topic is all about the vitamins. What interests you about the
lesson today? Explain why.

What interests me about the lesson today is Vitamins because

they are essential nutrients that our body needs to function
___________________________________________________________
properly. They help with various bodily functions such as
___________________________________________________________
growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues. There
___________________________________________________________
are________________________________________________________
two types of vitamins, water-soluble and fat-soluble. It is
important to consume a variety of foods to ensure that you are
getting all the necessary vitamins your body needs.

FAQs

1.Is it safe to take dietary supplements together with prescribed medicines?

Ans. Certain dietary supplements (since it contain also vitamins) can change absorption, metabolism,
or excretion of a medication and therefore affect its potency. For example, warfarin (a prescription blood
thinner), ginkgo biloba (an herbal supplement), aspirin and vitamin E (a supplement) can each thin the
blood. Taking any of these products together may increase the potential for internal bleeding or stroke.

2.What are the vitamins that are to be avoided for pregnant women? Ans. While supplementing
with some micronutrients, like folate, is safe for pregnant women, many of them should be avoided.
For example, excessive amounts of vitamin A during pregnancy has been shown to cause congenital
birth defects. Supplementing with vitamin E has not been shown to improve outcomes for either

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 Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/Biomolecules)
Student Activity Sheet Module #5

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________

mothers or babies and may instead increase the risk of abdominal pain and premature rupture of the
amniotic sack

KEY TO CORRECTION for Activity 3

Activity 3:
A. TABULATION

Properties Water soluble vitamins Fat soluble vitamins

Absorption directly into the blood first enter into the lymph system

Transport travel without carriers many require protein carriers

Storage circulate in the water-fi lled parts of Found in cells associated with
the body fats

Excretion kidneys remove excess in urine tend to remain in fat-storage sites

Toxicity not likely to reach toxic levels when likely to reach toxic levels when
consumed from supplements consumed from supplements

Dosage frequency needed in frequent doses needed in periodic doses

Relationship to co-enzyme Function as coenzymes Do not function as coenzymes

B. MATCHING TYPE

COLUMN B: NAMES
1.M 2.F 3.A 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.I 8.J 9.H 10.B 11.K 12.L 13.C

COLUMN C: DEFICIENCY
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.M 5.D 6.E 7.J 8.I 9.K 10.F 12.G or H 12. H 13.L

C. CASE ANALYSIS
1. Vitamin C deficiency or scurvy
2. Any from these: irritability, sweating, poor appetite (which a family had history with children
having malnutrition may lead to weight loss) swollen leg, hair was dry and cracked, prominent
gingival bleeding and only one tooth was present.
3. Advice for vitamin C supplementation and other nutrient such as proteins and carbohydrates.

SUGGESTED VIDEOS:

Introduction to vitamins and minerals https://youtu.be/TBNCqRCsSvY

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