QUARTER 1 – HYBRID MODULE 3

PLATE TECTONICS: Distribution of

Active Volcanoes, Earthquake
Epicenters and Major Mountain
Belts
Week 3

Introductory Message 0
 Let’s Learn

At the end of this hybrid module, you are expected to answer the key question below:
How are active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts are
distributed?

In this hybrid module, you should be able to:

1. plot the active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts in a world
map.
2. describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major
mountain belts
3. infer the relationship of tectonic plates, earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes.
4. relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
5. present a schematic plan for the community on how to mitigate or reduce the effects
of disaster-related events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Let’s Try
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheets.
1. How are the world’s earthquakes being distributed over the earth’s surface?
A. Randomly distributed
B. Not randomly distributed
C. Evenly distributed
D. Not evenly distributed
2. What do you expect to find at a mid-ocean ridge?
A. relatively young rocks
B. reverse fault
C. thick accumulation of sediments
D. very ancient rocks
3. Why is it important to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?
A. So that necessary precautions can be done
B. Be familiar with the area
C. For record purposes
D. Economic concerns
4. The point where movement occured which triggered the earthquake is
A. dip

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 B. epicenter
C. focus
D. strike
5. Which is NOT TRUE for volcanoes and earthquakes?
A. Occur along plate boundary
B. They are a result of stress in the Earth’s mantle
C. They change the surface of the Earth
D. They share same locations

6. How does lithospheric plates move?

A. In random motion
B. In constant motion
C. In accelerated motion
D. Does not move at all
7. Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from
A. tsunamis
B. Damage of buildings
C. Liquefaction
D. P-waves
8. You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east coast of the
Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that there is a portion in the ocean floor
which is relatively much deeper than the rest. What most likely is that deeper part?
A. linear sea
B. oceanic ridge
C. rift valley
D. trench
9. Earthquakes can occur with _________ faulting.
A. normal C. thrust
B. reverse D. all of these
10. During typhoons, natural forces can cause a great loss of human life. Which of the
following natural disasters has resulted in the greatest loss of human life in a single
occurence?
A. typhoons C. earthquake
B. volcanic eruption D. tornado
11. What is molten rock that remains underground called?
A. Magma C. lahar
B. Lava D. sulfur
12. There are variety of evidence that supports the claims that plate tectonics accounts for
the distribution of fossils on different continents, and the occurrence of what
phenomena?
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. faults
D. Trenches
13. The San Andreas fault in California is a classic example of which of the type of
faults?
A. Tear fault
B. Up thrust fault
C. Dip-slip fault
D. Strike-slip fault
14. A molten rock that has been expelled from the earth’s interior.

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 A. magma
B. lava
C. lahar
D. sulfur
15. Where can you find the location of mountain ranges?
A. At the center of a continent
B. Across bodies of water
C. In between of every continent
D. Same as with the location of volcanoes and majority of earthquake
epicenters

Alternatively, please answer the questions above online. Use the link Score:
below: https://forms.gle/NiWrYWBJti6Mdj9K8
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score after
completing the test.

Earth and Space: Distribution

Lesson
of Active Volcanoes,
1 Earthquake Epicenters and
Major Mountain Belts

Let’s Recall
The continental volcanic arcs are formed when denser oceanic slab sinks into the
asthenosphere which will develop pockets of magma that rises . Concrete examples are
Andes Mountain Range and Cascades Mountain Range (this is what we called oceanic
continental convergence).

Source: https://sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/plate-tectonics-192666

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 Figure 1. Mountain Ranges Formation
There are different ways on how mountain ranges formed. In our next activities we will
analyze the distribution of different mountain ranges, active volcanoes, and earthquake
occurrences in the different places around the Globe and its relationship to each other.

Let’s Explore
You have already learned how to determine earthquake epicenters using the
triangulation method. This time you will be able to describe how active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts are distributed.
Activity 1: Let’s Mark the Boundaries
Objectives:
• Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts and
• Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates.
Materials:

• Figure 2: Map of earthquake distribution

• Figure 3: Map of active volcanoes of the world
• Figure 4: Mountain ranges of the world
• 2 pieces plastic sheet used for book cover, same size as a book page
• marking pens (two different colors)

Source: http://marc.fournier.free.free.fr
Figure 2. Map of Earthquake distribution (Red, green, and blue dots represent the earthquake
epicenters)

Procedure:

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 1. Study Figure 2 showing the earthquake distribution around the world. You have to trace
the approximate locations of several earthquake “clusters” using a marking pen on one
of the plastic sheets.
Q1. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
Q2. Where are they located?
Q3. Where are there no earthquakes?
Q4. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to
earthquakes?

Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html
Figure 3. Map of Active Volcanoes
2. Study the map of active volcanoes in Figure 3.
Q5. How are volcanoes distributed?
Q6. Where are they located?
Q7. Based on the map, name a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic
eruption.

3. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several volcanoes
using a marking pen.
4. Place the earthquake plastic sheet over the volcano plastic sheet.
Q8. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of
volcanoes around the world.

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 Source: http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges
Figure 4. Mountain ranges of the world
5. Study Figure 4, the orange portions indicate
Figure 10. mountain
Mountain ranges
ranges of of the world.
the world
Q9. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of
earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?

Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges, and
majority of earthquake epicenters, study Map of Plate boundaries on this module once more.
Q10. What is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several
plates?

Let’s take a look at the relative motion of the crustal plates in the figure below.

Source: https://www.tes.com/lessons/ZyG7zPZmww-o6w/tectonic-plates
Figure 5. Map showing the relative motion of plates (Arrows indicate the direction of motion)

Let’s Elaborate

Key concepts:
❖ The world’s earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the Earth’s surface. They
are concentrated in narrow zones. There are some located near the edges of the
continents, some are in mid continents, while others are in oceans.
❖ But not ALL edges of continents, mid-continents, or oceans can be places where
earthquake might occur. Large part of the Pacific Ocean, northernmost Asia, majority
of Europe, eastern portion of North and South America and western Africa.
❖ It is important to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes so that necessary
precautions could be done if ever you are living in one of those places.
❖ Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at the same locations.
Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and/or earthquake epicenters
are also located.
❖ Geologic activities such as seismicity (occurrence of earthquake), volcanism and
mountain formation are the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere.
❖ Plates are large pieces of the upper few hundred kilometers of Earth that move as a
single unit as it floats above the mantle.
❖ The plates are in constant motion. When they interact along their margins, important
geological processes take place, like the formation of mountain belts, earthquakes, and
volcanoes.

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 Let’s Dig-In
TASK 1: Write an essay (not less than 150 words): With the data that you have
collected, would it be possible to investigate what magnitude of earthquake occurred? Why or
why not?

TASK 2: With the data you have in after conducting the activities about let’s mark the
boundaries (identifying patterns) about Volcanoes, Earthquake and Mountain ranges
Fill in the Concept map using the following terms:
Locate Plate Boundaries, Identify Plate Boundary type, convergent,
Divergent, continental-continental, oceanic-continental, oceanic-
oceanic, volcano, fault/rift, earthquake, mountain range, collecting data,
Map points, analyzing trends

How to Identify locations of Patterns in Mountain ranges, Earthquakes and

Volcanoes

Can be found by
from scratch by

Plotting Data

by then

Using this to
if

Concluding patterns by
when
then

produces produces produces produces

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TASK 3
To have a further idea where are those mountain ranges are found we can access this; by
clicking this link and watch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pQk2PTFpl0

Let’s Remember

DIRECTIONS: With the events and information we get from our discussion on the main topics
Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries, draw a predictive guess using the words if,
then, and than with existing problem cited.
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Boundaries
Introduction/Problem:
You already know that there is a pattern that applies to where earthquakes and volcanoes
occur. As you have learned, scientists have discovered that most earthquakes and volcanoes
occur along tectonic plate boundaries. Is this really the case? Do all earthquakes and
volcanoes occur along the known tectonic plate boundaries? If not, what percentage of
earthquakes and volcanoes do not occur along tectonic plate boundaries?
Gather Information:
You have information in your packets and in your textbook that tells you about the tectonic
plates, where their boundaries are, and how they cause earthquakes and volcanoes. Use
these resources along with the Internet to help you find out if all earthquakes and volcanoes
occur along the known tectonic plate boundaries.
State the Hypothesis:
Knowing what you know about tectonic plates and their association with earthquakes and
volcanoes, you need to make an educated guess about whether all earthquakes and
volcanoes occur at tectonic plate boundaries. If you do not think that they all occur along
tectonic plate boundaries, be sure to include in your hypothesis your guess as to what
percentage of earthquakes and volcanoes do not occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
Please write your hypothesis in the space provided below, using the words if, then, and than.
IF_________________________________________________________________
THEN______________________________________________________________
THAN _____________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Apply

The Philippine Islands is part of what we called Ring of Fire, it means we are exposed
to greater risk of disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. As a
responsible youth of this country how can you contribute to avoid casualties for these
inevitable phenomena, what is your suggested idea for our leaders to make our mountain
ranges and volcanoes become friendly to all living things (human and other living organism)?

Let’s Evaluate

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheets.
1. Where can you find the location of mountain ranges?
A. At the center of a continent
B. Across the bodies of water
C. In between of every continent
D. Same as with the location of volcanoes and majority of earthquake epicenters
2. As we have seen with typhoon Yolanda, natural forces can cause a great loss of
human life. Which of the following natural disasters has resulted in the greatest loss
of human life in a single occurrence?
A. typhoon
B. volcanic eruption
C. earthquake
D. tornado
3. How does the lithospheric plates move?
A. In random motion
B. In constant motion
C. In accelerated motion
D. Does not move at all
4. What is molten rock that remains underground called?
A. magma
B. Lava
C. Lahar
D. sulfur
5. What kind of rocks are formed when lava from a volcano cools?
A. Metamorphic
B. Igneous
C. Sedimentary
D. granite
6. Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from
A. tsunamis
B. Damage of buildings
C.Liquefaction
D. P-waves
7. Geologists have detected many small earthquakes in the area near a dormant lake
volcano, what might happen in the near future?
A. A volcano may erupt

10
 B. A landslide may occur
C. A forest fire will start
D. A storm will start
8. Which is NOT TRUE for volcanoes and earthquakes?
E. Occur along plate boundary
F. They are a result of stress in the Earth’s mantle
G. They change the surface of the Earth
H. They share same locations

9. Why is it important to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?

A. Economic concerns
B. For record purposes
C. Be familiar with the area
D. So that necessary precautions can be done
10. A molten rock that has been expelled from the earth’s interior.
A. magma
B. lava
C. lahar
D. sulfur
11. Which of the following is TRUE of an earthquake's epicenter and focus?
A. they are the same
B. the focus is above the epicenter
C. the epicenter is at the earth's surface
D. the focus is at the earth's inner core
12.Most earthquakes originate at depths of between
A. the surface and 100 kilometers
B. 100 kilometers and 500 kilometers
C. 500 kilometers and 700 kilometers
D. 700 kilometers and the outer core
13. Where can you find the location of most earthquake epicenters?
A. at the center of the continent
B. across bodies of water
C. situated at same locations of volcanoes
D. in between every continent
14.Geologic activities such as volcanism and mountain formation are the basis of scientists
in dividing the earth’s lithosphere. Aside from these, what another basis was used?
A. tsunami
B. seismicity
C. hotspot
D. lava fountain
15. There are variety of evidence that supports the claims that plate tectonics accounts for the
distribution of fossils on different continents, and the occurrence of what phenomena?
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. faults
D. Trenches

11
 Alternatively, please answer the questions above online. Score:
Use the link below:
https://forms.gle/aJomG5kj3BCTSobj8
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score after
completing the test.

PERFORMANCE TASK
This task will focus on your knowledge of either an earthquake or volcanic eruption,
which has occurred in the last 10 years.
(For online Class) The task will be completed as a Facebook Presentation (AVP-3-5
minutes). You may include maps, photographs, diagrams, and video links in your
presentation, but the writing must be in your own words.
(For Modular Class) The task will be completed as a Presentation (Collage of articles
or news). You may include cut outs of photographs, diagrams, newspapers articles in your
presentation, but the writing must be in your own words.

Learning Outcome
You need to both describe and explain your ideas in detail, offering your own opinions
and using specific information/evidence to support and illustrate your answers.
Student tasks
Choose one earthquake or one volcanic event and complete the following:
Introduction and title: What is your piece of work about? What earthquake / volcanic
eruption will you be writing about? What is the title of your work?
Location: Where did the event happen? Can you show this on a map? Which countries
were affected? Which places were affected?
Background: When did the event take place – time and date? How long did the event last?
What was the size of the event? Did the event occur in a rich or poor country? Has the country
had earthquakes/volcanic eruptions before?
Causes: What made it happen? Why did it occur? Consider tectonic plates and different
type of plate boundaries.
Effects: What was the impact of the event? How many people died / were injured? What
damage was caused to buildings, roads, etc.? You should use relevant facts and figures.
Responses: What was done to help the people affected? What was done immediately?
What long-term help was provided?
Opinions: How do you think this event affected the people involved? How do you feel about
it? How would you react?
It would also be possible to separately research two earthquakes / volcanic eruptions with the
first activity and make a comparison at a simple level. This could be achieved by dividing the
class into two different groups, each researching a different earthquake / volcanic eruption
and completing a comparison chart.

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 The scoring rubric below will be used in assessing the work.
Activity Level 1 = 2 Level 2 = 4 Level 3 = 6 Level 4 = 8
Points Points Points Points

Content The The multimedia The multimedia The multimedia

(50%) multimedia element is vague element element is clear
element lacks in conveying a reflects a and concise, with
a clear point of point of view and logical a very logical
view and does not create a progression of progression of
logical strong sense of ideas. Includes ideas. Includes
purpose. Includes ALL ALL assignment
sequence of
some of the assignment requirements.
information.
requirements. requirements. Clearly
Missing Somewhat Addresses addresses
requirements. addresses aspects such aspects such as
Does not aspects such as as one one objective
address one objective objective focus, visual
aspects such focus, visual focus, visual images, written
as one images, written images, written words, and self-
objective words, and self- words, and contained
focus, visual contained. self-contained
images,
written words,
and self-
contained

Quality Multimedia Multimedia Multimedia Multimedia

(30%) element is element is mostly element is element is clear.
unclear. If unclear. If sound somewhat clear. If sound is
sound is is included, it is If sound is included, it is
included, it is not easy to included, it is easy to
not easy to hear/understand. easy to hear/understand.
hear/ If video is hear/understand. If video is
included, it included, it can
understand. If If video is
cannot be seen be seen and/ or
video is and/ or cannot be included, it can
can be heard.
included, it heard. be seen and/ or
cannot be can be heard
seen and/ or
cannot be
heard.

Description Description Description Description Description

(20%) does not includes some somewhat clearly and
include the information addresses the concisely
main parts of regarding the main parts of a addresses ALL
a lesson main parts of a lesson (intro, the main parts of
(intro, lesson (intro, objective, a lesson: intro,
objective, objective, content, and objective,
content, and content, and assessment). content, and
assessment). assessment). assessment.

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 Let’s Extend

TASK: Create an evacuation plan for your household on how to mitigate or reduce the effects
of disaster-related events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

References
Printed Materials:
Science Learner’s Material 10, Department of Education, Unit 1, Module 1, pp.6-13.

Electronic Sources:
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html Accessed June 12, 2020
https://www.Answers.com/Q/How_are_active_volcanoes_earthquake_epicenters_and_major
_mountain_belts_are_distributed
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2014/4/3/9d5e18fd1088
4295857484dd30144f5c.pdf Accessed June 24, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2012/8/17/3239798471
1a4a8b87ac59a320deaf53.pdf Accessed June 9, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2013/9/27/3cf Accessed
June 3, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2012/8/17/3239
Accessed June 2, 2020
https://www.tes.com/lessons/ZyG7zPZmww-o6w/tectonic-plates
http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges
https://sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/plate-tectonics-192666

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Avelyn R. Argente – BNHS- Master Teacher I
Editor: Eunice V. Correa – UBNHS- Master Teacher
Reviewers: Leynette Pearl A. De Leon – BNHS -Teacher I
Mary Cris A. Caguing – WBNHS- Master Teacher I
Josielyn V. Auman – BNHS - Teacher I
Maria Concepcion A. Villarosa – PNHS - Master Teacher II
Illustrator: Jayson F. Antones – GRPMHS Main/Annex – Teacher I
Layout Artist: Victor G. Taleon -SVNHS- Teacher I
HYBRID MODULE TEAM VALIDATORS:
JHS Team Leader/Facilitator: DR. MELEDA H. POLITA, SDS (Ret.)
School Head In-Charge: DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ, Principal IV
Content Validator/Editor: JAYAR E. LONGASA, MT – I-WBNHS
Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - Education Program Supervisor- Science
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC - Education Program Supervisor- LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]