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Methods of Writing A Research Report

The document provides guidance on writing a research report in 3-7 sentences. It begins by outlining the importance of clearly communicating research findings and making them available to others. It then describes the typical structure of a research report, including an introduction with the problem statement and objectives, a literature review, research methods, findings, and conclusion. Finally, it provides details on formatting different sections of the report such as the title, tables, figures, and references.

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Jannatul Mawa Mithila
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36 views

Methods of Writing A Research Report

The document provides guidance on writing a research report in 3-7 sentences. It begins by outlining the importance of clearly communicating research findings and making them available to others. It then describes the typical structure of a research report, including an introduction with the problem statement and objectives, a literature review, research methods, findings, and conclusion. Finally, it provides details on formatting different sections of the report such as the title, tables, figures, and references.

Uploaded by

Jannatul Mawa Mithila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of

Writing a Research Report


1. Significance of Report Writing

• The purpose of writing a research report is to


clearly communicate what researcher has
learned through the research.
• The purpose of research is not well served
unless the findings are made known to others.
• Research results must invariably enter into the
general store of knowledge.
• Writing of report is the last step in a research
study and requires a set of skills.
• Statistical analysis of the data as required
•
2. Pre- Preparation of Output Tables in final
form
•
requisites Selection of Tables for the Text and
Appendix
•
for •
Numbering the Tables sequentially
Preparation of graphs and figures and
Report •
numbering them
Analysis of graphs and figures
Writing • Consolidating the Notes and References
3. Layout of the Research
Report

3.1 Introductory Part


1.1 Cover page (with title, author
and institution)
1.2 Title page (with title, author,
institution and year of publication)
1.3 Acknowledgements
1.4 Preface
1.5 Table of Contents
1.6 List of Tables
1.7 Abbreviations/Glossary used
1.8 Executive Summary
3.2 Main Part
2.1 Introduction (background,
problem statement, rationale, 2.2 Literature
objectives, hypothesis, scope and Review
limitations)

2.3 Conceptual 2.4 Research


2.5 Findings
Framework Methods

2.7
2.6 Conclusion
Recommendations
4. Description of Different Parts

4.1. Title
• The title must represent the subject and scope of the study;
• It should be limited to 10 to 15 substantive words;
• First alphabet of all the worlds, except preposition and
conjunction, should be capital letters.
• Rarely use abbreviations unless they are commonly known;
• There can be a single-part title or two-part title, e.g. Women’s
Empowerment and Demographic Change in Bangladesh
4.2 Preface
• This part has been written by the
research team or by a renowned
person.
• It includes brief subject mater,
importance and usefulness of the
report.
• Thanks are given to the author(s)
for preparing the report.
• This section is written by
the author (s).
• Thanks are given by the
author (s) to the persons
those who are involved in
4.3 data collection, data
Acknowledgement
processing, providing
technical and
administrative supports,
editing the report and
financing the research.
4.4 Executive Summary

• Objective of this section is to give an overall idea about


the report within short time.
• It includes brief background, objectives, study methods,
research findings against each of the objectives,
conclusion and recommendations.
• Do not need to include table, graph and references.
5. Introduction

5.1Background of the Research

• Familiarize the reader with the subject of the research


• Leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular
field of research
• Provides a brief summary of the literature related to the
research.
• A brief rationale for why the research is important
Define the problems
related to the research
through literature review,
field observations and
past experience

5.2 Identifies the potential

Problem solutions of the problems,


which will help formulate
research hypothesis

Statement
Identify the variables to
be investigated
5.3 Rationale of the
Research
• Explain the potential value of the
research and findings to the
science or society
• Identify the target audience of the
research
• How the research findings will
benefit the target audience
• Explain the ways the research
will add knowledge in the field
• How the research will contribute
to the policy formulation and
development of the country?
• A research question is associated
with the problem statement.
• Research question can be
answered through analysis of
data.
5.4 • Research questions are written in
Research question form.
• For example, is there any
Question relationship between the diet and
student performance in the class?
• Is there any relationship between
the use of contraception and the
level of education?
• A hypothesis is an assumption on
the value or relation of study
variables that needs to be tested.
5.5 • It is the researcher’s best guess to
the answer of the research
Research question.
• Hypothesis is never formulated in
Hypothesis the form of a question.
• It should specify variables between
which the relationship is to be
established.
• For example, poverty is inversely
related with level of education
The research objectives are usually
divided into general/broad objective and
specific objectives.

The general objective defines the


contribution of the research in a bigger
context.

5.6
Specific objectives are precise
Research outcomes that support the general
objective.

Objectives Research objectives should be


formulated on the basis of statement of
problems and identified knowledge gap.

It must have relation with the research


questions and hypothesis.
5.7 Research Methods
• It has to be indicated whether quantitative or qualitative or mixed
method to be used
• Mention whether it is a questionnaire survey or a laboratory
experiment?
• Who are the respondents of the research? What is the sample size
and how it has been determined?
• What kind of sampling procedure has been used? How the data
were collected and quality ensured?
• Outlines the apparatus, instruments and procedures used to
conduct the research.
• Techniques used in data processing and analysis
• Use tables, graphs,
diagrams and
photographs to provide
clear understanding of
the results.
5.8 Research
Findings/Data • Data included in
Analysis illustration and tables
should not be
discussed extensively
in the text, but
significant findings
should be pointed out.
5.9 Presentation of Tables
Tables should be Title of the table
numbered should be concise
sequentially with place and year of
throughout the text. the study.

Upper lower system Appendix tables


may be used should be identified
constantly in all titles by appendix number:
and column headings. A-1, B-2, etc.

Notes on table
sources, if necessary,
should be placed
directly below the
table.
5.10 Presentation of
Figures

• Charts, maps, graphs, diagrams, photographs, etc.,


are called figures and should be numbered
sequentially.
• A figure caption should be brief but sufficiently
explanatory of the data included to tell its own story.
• Figure number and legend should be placed below
the figure.
• Figures must not duplicate materials given in tables.
5.11 Writing the Text

• Not necessary to discuss all the figures of the table;


• Indicate major trends by range, average, percentage, relationships
and causative factors;
• Do not bring theoretical background in the text;
• Writing must be related to the data/information of the study;
• Avoid introductory words in the sentences, e.g.:
-It can be said from the figures of the table no that…
-It is interesting to note from the figure that ……..
5.12 Summary and
Conclusion

• Write this chapter after writing all other chapters


• Make sure key message of all chapters in the
main text are covered in summary
• Do not introduce new ideas that are not mentioned
in the main text of your report
• Do not provide a general description, history or
economy of Bangladesh
• Do not include any table
5.13 Recommendations

Don’t write any


Recommendations
recommendation
should be based on
which is not related
study findings
with the analysis.
6. References

• A reference list arranged alphabetically should


appear after the list of Notes.

• Author’s surname and other names/initials, year of


publication in bracket, title of publication in italic,
place of publication and publisher.

• The second line of reference of the same


publication should start from the fifth character and
follow in the consecutive lines.
Example:

• Book:
Singh, Inderjit (1990) The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia,
Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
• Book prepared with write-ups of various authors:
Chambers, Robert (1984) “Irrigation Management: Ends, Means and
Opportunities”, in Niranjan, Pant (ed.) Productivity and Equity in Irrigation
Systems, New Delhi: Asia Publishing House.
• Book prepared by More than one author
Solaiman, M and T.K. Biswas (1991) Effect of NRDP II Project Inputs on
Socio-economic Upliftment of the Menbers of BSS and MBSS, Comilla:
Bangladesh Academy for Rural development.
Journal:

• Khan, A. (1993) “Managing Project Sustainability” in


Asia Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 3(2), 71-
74.
4.8. Reference Citations

• In giving references in the text generally the author’s


surname, year of publication and page number is given.
Example:
For single author: Biswas, 2004:119
For two authors: Khan and Romm, 1978:3
For more than two authors: Ahmed, et al., 1984:10
• Thank you very much

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