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16 viewsUPSC Geography Optional Syllabus
Uploaded by
amaanarifchaudhary2003Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 3
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PAPER IL
1, Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram
representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles
and applications of feed-back. Control system components,
LLTI systems : time-domain and transform-lomain analysis,
Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loc, Bode-plots and
polor plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad
compensators. Proportional, PI, PID conteollers. State-varable
representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers:
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming
diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, VO
Interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
‘3. Measurement and Instrumentation:
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power,
energy, power-actor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and
frequency; bridge measurements, Signal conditioning circuit;
Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital
voltmeter, frequency counter, Qmeter, spectrum-analyser,
distoration-meter, Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor,
LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control:
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission
lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power
transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance
and impedance matrices; oad flow; voltage control and power
factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical
components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical
faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion, Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC
transmission,
5.Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance
protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers.
‘Computer aided protection : introduction; ine, bus, generator,
transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP
to protection
6.Digital Commun
tion:
Pulse code modulation (PCM), deffecential pulse code
modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital
‘modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and
frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control
coding : err detection and correction, linear block codes,
convolation codes, Information measure and source coding.
‘Data newworks, 7-layer architecture.
(GEOGRAPHY
PAPER
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1, Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform
evelopment; endogenetic and exogenetic forces:
Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts;
Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions
ofthe earth's interior, Geosynclines; Continental cit;
Isostasy; Plat tectonics; Recent views on mountain
building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis;
Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape
development; Denudation chronology; Channel
morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development
Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic
geology and environment,
2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts ofthe
world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability.
Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet
streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and
topical cyclones; Types and distribution of
precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen's
‘Thornthwaite's and Trewar Tha’s classification of
‘world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic
change, and role and response of man in climatic
changes Applied climatology and Urban climate
3. Oceanography : Bottom topography ofthe Adanti,
Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity
of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits;
Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biot
‘mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral
bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and
‘marine pollution,
4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and
Aistibution of soils; Soil profile; Sil erosion, Degrade
tion and conservation; Factors influencing world
distribution of plants and animals; Problems of
eforestation and conservation measures; Social
oresty, agto-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool
centres,
S. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology;
Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on
ecology and environment; Global and regional
ecological changes and imbalances; Beosystem theit
management and conservation; Environmental
Gegradation, management and conservation;
Biodiversity and sustainable development;
Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and
remedial measures; Environmental education and
legislation
Human Geography
1, Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal
ifferentation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and 150
‘THE GAZETTE OF INDIA ; EXTRAORDINARY
([PawrSte
Physical Setting
dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution
and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human
and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and
secularisation; Cultural regions ofthe world; Human
evelopment indix.
. Economic Geography : World economic
evelopment: measurement and problems; World
resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the
limits to growths; World agriculture: typology of
agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and
productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food
security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World
industries: location patterns and problems; Paterns
of world ade,
. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and
distribution of world population; Demographic
tributes; Causes and consequences of migration;
Concepts of over-under-and optimum population:
Population theories, world population problems and
policies, Social well-being and quality of life
Population as social eapital
‘Types and patterns of rural settlements
Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy
of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept
of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional
classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence;
Raral-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and
remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development
ofcities
|. Regional Planning : Concept ofa region; Types of
regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth
centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances;
Regional development strategies; Environmental
‘sues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable
evelopment
‘Models, Theories and Lawsin Human Geography :
System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian,
‘Marxian and demographic transition models; Central
Place theories of Chrisaller and Losch; Perroux and
Boudeville; Von Thunen's model of agricultural
location; Weber's model of industrial location;
Ostov's model of stages of growth, Hear-land and
Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries,
and frontiers
PAPER TT
(GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA,
Space relationship of India with
acighbouring countries; Structure and relic
Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic
-gions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall
patterns; Tropical cyclones and western
disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic
regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types. and their
distributions
2, Resources : Land, surface and ground water,
energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest
and wild life resources and their conservation;
Energy crisis.
Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds,
{erllizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings,
land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern,
agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
combination, land capability; Agro and social=
forestry: Green revolution and its socio-economic
and ecological implications; Significance of dry
farming; Livestock resources and white revolutir
Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry;
Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones
Agro-ecalogical regions.
4, Industry : Evolution ofinduswies; Locational factors
of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium,
fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical,
automobile, cottage and ago-based industries;
Industrial houses and complexes including public
sector underkings; Industrial regionalistion; New
industial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation;
Special Economic Zones; Tourism including
ecotourism.
5, ‘Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, rilway,
waterway, airway and pipeline net works and their
complementary roles in regional development
Growing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export
processing zones; Developments in communication
And information technology and their_ impacts on
economy and society; Indian space programme.
6, Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian
Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities;
religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and
their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes:
sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rale, work-foree,
dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter.
regional, interaregional and international) and
associated problems; Population problems and
policies; Health indicators
7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of
rural settlements; Urban developments; Mompbology
of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian
cities; Conurbations and mesopoitan regions; Urban
sprawh; Slums and asssociated problems; Town
planning: Problems of urbanisation and remedies
8, Regional Development and Planning: Experience of
regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated
rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and
decentralised planning; Command area development;
Watershed management; Planning for backward
area, desert, rought-prone, hill tribal area Cam a5 11
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development; Multi-level planning; Regional
planning and development of island territories.
9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian
federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new
states; Regional consciousness and inter-state
issues; Intemational boundary of India and related
issues; Cross-border terorism India’s role in world
alfeiss; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean
realm,
10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues:
Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,
Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues
ated (0 environmental pollution; Changes in
palterns of land use; Principles of environmental
{impact assessment and environmental management;
Population explosion and food security
Environmental degradation; Deforestation,
