Year 10 IGCSE Biology 2016-2018

Coordination and response

[part 2]
Syllabus Statements Checklist

Core

Hormones in humans
• Define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the
blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs
• Identify specific endocrine glands and their secretions, limited to adrenal glands and
adrenaline, pancreas and insulin, testes and testosterone and ovaries and oestrogen
• Describe adrenaline as the hormone secreted in ‘fight or flight’ situations and its effects,
limited to increased breathing and pulse rate and widened pupils
• Give examples of situations in which adrenaline secretion increases
• State the functions of insulin, oestrogen and testosterone

Homeostasis
• Define homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment
• Name and identify on a diagram of the skin: hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands,
receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels and fatty tissue
• Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in humans in terms of
insulation, sweating, shivering and the role of the brain (limited to blood temperature
receptors and coordination)

Tropic responses
• Define gravitropism as a response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from
gravity
• Define phototropism as a response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from
the direction from which light is coming
• Investigate gravitropism and phototropism in shoots and roots

Hodder education. IGCSE biology workbook. 2014

Oxford Revision Guide IGCSE biology 2015.
Letts Cambridge Biology Learning Guide. 2016
Biology at Glance ,Judy Dodds. 2015.CRC press
P.1 Adopted from Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610. Syllabus for examination in 2016, 2017 and 2018.
Syllabus Statements Checklist
Supplement

Hormones

• Discuss the role of the hormone adrenaline in the chemical control of metabolic activity,
including increasing the blood glucose concentration and pulse rate
• Compare nervous and hormonal control systems in terms of speed and longevity of
action

Homeostasis

• Explain that homeostasis is the control of internal conditions within set limits
• Explain the concept of control by negative feedback
• Describe the control of the glucose concentration of the blood by the liver and the roles of
insulin and glucagon from the pancreas
• Outline the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 diabetes (detail of β cells is not required)
• Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in humans in terms of
vasodilation and vasoconstriction of arterioles supplying skin surface capillaries

Tropic Responses
• Explain phototropism and gravitropism of a shoot as examples of the chemical control of
plant growth
• Explain the role of auxin in controlling shoot growth, limited to:
– auxin made in shoot tip (only)
– auxin spreads through the plant from the shoot tip
– auxin is unequally distributed in response to light and gravity
– auxin stimulates cell elongation
• Describe the use in weedkillers of the synthetic plant hormone 2,4-D

Hodder education. IGCSE biology workbook. 2014

Oxford Revision Guide IGCSE biology 2015.
Letts Cambridge Biology Learning Guide. 2016
Biology at Glance ,Judy Dodds. 2015.CRC press

Adopted from Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610. Syllabus for examination in 2016, 2017 and 2018.
Define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the
activity of one or more specific target organs
Identify specific endocrine glands and their secretions, limited to adrenal glands and adrenaline, pancreas and
insulin, testes and testosterone and ovaries and oestrogen
State the function of insulin, oestrogen and tesosterone

Define Hormones. How do they reach their target organs?

Positions of endocrine glands in humans

Fill in the details below using your textbook. One example has been done for you.

Hormone Gland that secretes When is it secreted Function

it

Adrenaline Adrenal Glands When you are frightened or increase breathing rate, increase
excited pulse rate, widens pupils (dilate).
This is called fight or flight
response.

Some hormones are used illegally in sports. Why are they illegal and which hormone do you think will be beneficial
in sport?

P.2
Describe adrenaline as the hormone secreted in ‘fight or flight’ situations and its effects, limited to increased
breathing and pulse rate and widened pupils
Discuss the role of the hormone adrenaline in the chemical control of metabolic activity, including increasing
the blood glucose concentration and pulse rate

When is the adrenaline released by our body?

The diagram below list the target organs of the adrenaline. Annotate the diagram with the effects of
adrenaline release on specific organs

Adrenaline is involved in the chemical control of metabolic activity. How does it helps the body to prepare
for vigorous action?

Compare nervous and hormonal control systems in terms of speed and longevity of action

P.3
Define homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment
Explain the concept of negative feedback Mechanism

Define homeostasis. Why is it important for humans to maintain constant internal environment.

Humans need to maintain the level of three key changes to optimum body requirements. Fill in the table below
referring to the changes in body and action taken to bring it back to optimum.

Condition Controller Organ involved Hormone

Temperature

Water

Sugar Level

Diagram illustrating an example of negative feedback Mechanism in our body.

Define the term ”negative feedback”. What are the two key elements involved in the negative feedback loop.

P.4
Name and identify on a diagram of the skin: hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands, receptors, sensory
neurones, blood vessels and fatty tissue
Identify and annotate the diagram of the skin below.

What is the function of skin?

Skin plays crucial role in maintaining constant body temperature. How is the blood flow controlled? Use an example
to illustrate change in blood flow and name the vessels involved in the process

P.5
Describe the control of the glucose concentration of the blood by the liver and the roles of insulin and
glucagon from the pancreas
Why is it important to control the blood glucose level? (hint: function of glucose, consequence of high and low glucose?

Role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose level maintenance

Refer to the diagram above, Describe changes in the blood glucose level after a person have a meal or exercise?

P.6
Outline the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 diabetes (detail of β cells is not required)

Explain the term “diabetes”

When is a person considered Type 1 Diabetic? Why does this condition require constant monitoring? (hint: what
happens after and between meals?

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

How is the person with Type 1 Diabetes treated?

How is the Type 1 diabetes different from type 2?

P.7
Extension (Liver role in homeostasis)

Liver keeps the level of amino acids and glucose at constant level

Glucose and amino acids are carried in hepatic portal vein to liver. Fill in the table below describing the fate of glucose
and amino acids in liver.

Fate of glucose Fate of amino acids

P.8
Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in humans in terms of insulation, sweating,
shivering and the role of the brain (limited to blood temperature receptors and coordination)
Fll in the blanks in the table below showing the maintenance of constant internal body temperature

Explain the term “Vasodilation”

Remember: It is arterioles that dilate or constrict as they have muscles in their walls. Capillaries do not move up or down the skin
P.9
 Quick Test

1 A man experience a sudden loud bang. This results in release of adrenaline. Outline the effects of adrenaline on his
body?

2 Complete the following table which compares Nervous and endocrine system

FEATURE NERVOUS ENDOCRINE

FORM OF TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION PATHWAY

SPEED OF TRANSMISSION

DURATION OF EFFECT

3 With reference to glucose levels in blood, describe the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

4 A person with type 1 diabetes has a meal with high sugar content. Describe the symptoms he may experience and
how his condition could be treated.

5a. An athlete runs a race in hot conditions. Describe the role of blood vessels and sweat in reducing the body
temperature of athlete to normal.

5b. During the race, Athlete’s muscle require more glucose to respire. How does the body provide extra glucose?

P.10
Tropic Responses
Define gravitropism and phototropism. Investigate tropism in roots and shoots

Define the following terms

Terms Definition

Tropism
Gravitropism
Phototropism
Auxin
Meristems

Shoot and root response to the different stimulus

How do plants respond to different stimulus? (one example has been done for you)

Stimulus Shoot Root Response called

Light Grow towards

Gravity

Explain the role of auxin in controlling shoot growth

Figure: Positive phototropism in Maize coleoptile.

How does tropism take place? (explain)

P.11
Investigate tropism in roots and shoots

Explain the response of shoot to gravity?

What causes the bending in experiment 1?

What is the purpose of doing experiment 2? What can be learnt from it?

Will the result be same if we replace agar jelly with mica plates? Why?

P.12
Describe the use in weedkillers of the synthetic plant hormone 2,4-D

Discuss the application of auxin in agriculture.

Quick Test

1 Name the chemical found in plants that control tropism? ________________

2 State the effect of shining one sided light on the plant shoot?

3 Explain how the effect in (2) is achieved in a shoot.

4 Define the term “herbicide”

5 Describe and explain how synthetic herbicide can be used as herbicide.

6 An astronaut working in the condition of zero gravity sets up germinating seeds in a dark box with radicle growing
horizontally. A day later the radicle has continued to grow horizontally. With reference to auxin, explain why radicle
has not grown vertically downwards.

P.13
 Exam Questions
1 to bring

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 Exam Questions

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