Puerto Rico National Guard

Joint Forces Headquarters, G-3 Training Section

M-4 Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction & Evaluation

TC 3-20.40 Training and Qualification Individual Weapons

TC3-22.9 Rifle & Carbine

UNCLASSIFIED As of 20200528

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Integrated Weapons Training Strategy (IWTS)

•The standard IWTS format of six tables describes the

training events. Each table explains the events with all
associated resources required; ranges, simulators,
simulations, ammunition, and time, as appropriate.

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 Structure

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 RIFLE AND CARBINE, TABLE I, PMI&E

•The PMI&E event is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers

must complete prior to executing any live-fire event for
the rifle and carbine. Rifle and Carbine, Table I, PMI&E
training consists of tasks that are critical to the safety of
the firer, essential to the operation of the weapon
assigned, or key to the effective employment of the
weapon system.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

Note: Units may add topics to their Table I requirements,

as necessary.
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Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction and
Evaluation training plan

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 Table I Evaluation

• Units will develop a written test evaluating the functional

aspects of the weapon, ammunition, and critical skills
articulated in TC 3-22.9.
• Table I, PMI&E tasks within the training window T-6
though T-week for both active Army and Reserves.
• Samples of test used prior will be provided by the G-3
training section.

NOTE: T-weeks for Reserve Component is months.

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 TABLE II, PRELIMINARY LIVE-FIRE
SIMULATIONS
• Table II, PLFS evaluate the Soldier’s ability to engage single and
multiple stationary targets from multiple stationary supported and
unsupported firing positions, during day and limited visibility, and
during CBRN conditions in a simulated combat environment.
• Table II is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers complete prior to any
event using live ammunition.
• Units must use the approved primary or alternate simulations to
execute Table II tasks for record between T-6 and T-week.
• When conducting live-fire events, units must have the Soldier’s Table
II training records readily available on the range facility.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 Table II, Primary and alternate authorized
systems

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Rifle and carbine simulations training plan

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 TABLE III, DRILLS
• Is a series of physical actions (drills) that a Soldier completes with their
assigned weapon and equipment in a repetitious manner to
demonstrate proficiency in weapons handling and movement. Soldiers
must complete the tasks in this table prior to any live-fire event
including grouping procedures.
•Table III is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers complete prior to any
event using live ammunition.
• Units must use the approved primary or alternate simulations to
execute Table III tasks for record between T-6 and T-week.
•Typically, units conduct, Table III training in a round-robin manner
where the primary trainer is the team leader, squad leader, or assigned
NCO.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 TABLE III Training Plan

Task reports for this drill will be provided.

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 TABLE IV, BASIC
• Table IV Basic is conducted with live ammunition on an approved
range facility. Table IV is for all firers to evaluate their ability to
consistently place shot groups within a designated bullseye target at 25
meters.
• Conduct this table only after successful completion of the live-fire
prerequisite tables (Tables I, II, and III).

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 TABLE IV, BASIC- Ammunition

• All Soldiers assigned a rifle or carbine on a unit MAL must complete all
four stages of Rifle and Carbine, Table IV prior to advancing to Table V
or Table VI training.

•Firers conduct Table IV training based on their primary optic assigned.

Firers, who are not assigned the M68, close combat optic (known as
CCO) or the M150, rifle combat optic (known as RCO), complete the
iron sight tasks only. Firers assigned the M68 or M150 must complete
the backup iron sight (known as BUIS) and CCO or RCO grouping and
zeroing. Firers with the backup iron sight and optic conduct
confirmation at distance and application of hold-offs with the primary
aiming device only.

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 TABLE IV, BASIC- Ammunition Breakdown

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 Zero Target

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Shot Group, Grouping and Zeroing Standards
Stage 1 and 2 of Table IV

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 Confirmation of distance, Application of
Hold-offs Stage 3 and 4 of Table IV

• Confirmation of distance is performed on a 300 meters target. It is not

a timed event. Firer’s should achieve four of five hits to successfully
complete confirmation at distance. Firer’s that have not met the
confirmation standard are moved to the designated retraining location.

• Application of hold off’s are performed in 100 and 200 meters targets
respectively. Firer’s should achieve 4 of 5 hits on each target to
successfully complete application of hold-offs. It’s a timed event and
must be performed within 55 seconds.

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 TABLE V, PRACTICE

• Is a practice table used in preparation for the qualification course of

fire. Table V tasks challenge firers with single and multiple stationary
targets between 50- and 300-meters, from the prone unsupported,
prone supported, kneeling supported, and standing supported firing
positions.

• This event is purposely more rigorous than the qualification event

where the targets are presented in a rapid tempo. The time to transition
between firing positions and tactical reloading are reduced during this
event.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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TABLE V, Practice- Ammunition Breakdown

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 TABLE V, Engagements

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 TABLE V, Engagements

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 TABLE VI, Qualification

• Qualification, demonstrate the firer’s proficiency at common

engagement and tactical skills. Table VI tasks challenge firers with
single and multiple stationary targets between 50 and 300 meters from
the prone unsupported, prone supported, kneeling supported, and
standing supported firing positions.

• In a timed scenario, the firer demonstrates target prioritization and

weapons manipulation.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 TABLE VI, Qualification- Ammunition
Breakdown

NOTE: Day CBRN, Night FIRE and Night CBRN Ammunition will only be authorize if
authorized approved simulators are unavailable.
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 TABLE VI, Engagements

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 TABLE VI, Engagements

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 Task, Condition & Standard

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 Ammunition identification

TC 3-22.9

UNCLASSIFIED
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 5-56mm, M855, Ball

• Designed for use in M4, M4A1,

M16A2 and M249 Squad
Automatic. Green Tip
• Unsuitable for use in M16A1.
• Steel insert effective against
most types of fabric body armor.
• Three piece construction
achieves good effects against
unprotected personnel targets.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
A059 Ball M855, Clipped
M16A2/A4

Ball M855 w/ M27

A062 M249 SAW
Link
4 Ball M855/ 1
A064 Trace M856 w/ M27 M249 SAW
link
M855 Ball, Clipped M4, M4A1,
AA33
(commercial Pack) M16A2/A4 UNCLASSIFIED

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 5-56mm, M855 A1, Enhanced
Performance Round (EPR), Ball
• Optimized for M4, M4A1
Carbine, Unsuitable for M16A1.
• Dramatically improved hard
Bronze Tip
target performance
• Extremely effective against all
targets sets.
• Three piece construction
achieves good effects against
unprotected personnel targets.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

Ball M855 w/ M27

AB56 M249 SAW
Link

M4, M4A1,
AB57 M855A1, Clipped
M16A2/A4
M855A1 Ball,
M4, M4A1,
AB58 Clipped (commercial
M16A2/A4
Pack)
M855A1 Ball,
M4, M4A1,
AB77 Clipped (W/O
M16A2/A4
Bandoleer) UNCLASSIFIED

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5.56mm, M856A1, Tracer

• Designed as a complement to Orange Tip

M855 ball for M249 SAW.
• Requires 1:7 barrel twist for
flight stability.
• Unsuitable for use in M16A1.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AO63 Trace M856
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M995/ 1 Trace

AO64 M249 SAW
M856 w/M27 Link

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5.56mm, Mk301, MOD 0, DIM
Tracer

• Designed for use with NVD. Violet Tip

• Produce light spectrum
invincible for naked eyes, but
visible with NVD.
• Effective range 900 M

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AA99 Trace 10 Round Clip
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M855/ 1 Trace

AB03 M249 SAW
Mk 301 w/M27 Link

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M995, Armor Piercing
Black Tip
• Penetrates 12 mm of steel at
100 meters.
• Designed to defeat light
armored vehicles and other
barriers materials on battlefield.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

AA01 AP M995 w/ M27 link M249 SAW

4 AP M995/ 1 Trace
AA02 M229 SAW
M856 w/ M27 Link

M4, M4A1,
AA69 AP M995, Clipped
M16A2/ A4

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M862, Short Range Training
Ammunition (SRTA)

• 5.56MM cartridge with plastic

projectile.
• Used with M2 Training Bolt.
• Maximum Range 250 M Blue Tip
• Designed for use in range
restricted urban training areas.
• Reduced damage to MOUT
facilities

DODIC NAME WEAPON

SRTA M862 (Carton M4, M4A1,

AA68
Pack M16A2/ A4

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 M1037, Short Range Training
Ammunition
Blue Tip
• Effective Training out to 100
meters.
• Decreases Surface Danger
Zone.
• Maximum range less then 600
Meters
• Not used with M2 training bolt
• Not to used in plywood shoot
house

DODIC NAME WEAPON

SRTA M1037 w/ M27

AB66 M249 SAW
Link

SRTA M1037, M4, M4A1,

AB67
Clipped (Lead Free) M16A2/ A4

SRTA M1037 w/ M27

AC10 M249 SAW
Link (Lead Free)

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 5.56mm, M200, Blank
Rosette Tip
• Training unique round, not used
in combat.
• Used to simulate live firing in
training exercises.
• Cycles operating parts of gas-
operated weapons when used
with blank fire adaptor (BFA).
• Used by ceremonial purposes
without BFA by manually cycling
the weapon.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AA99 Trace 10 Round Clip
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M855/ 1 Trace

AB03 M249 SAW
Mk 301 w/M27 Link

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 Rules Of Fire Arms Safety
Weapons Safety Status
Weapon Control Status

TC 3-22.9

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 4 Basic Rules

1. Treat Every Weapon as if it is Loaded.

2. Never Point the Weapon at Anything You Do Not

Intend to Destroy. (Muzzle Awareness)

3. Keep Finger Straight and Off the Trigger Until Ready

to Fire.

4. Ensure Positive Identification of the Target and its

Surroundings

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 Weapons Safety Status

Green, “Fully Safe” – the weapon is clear, no ammunition is present the

chamber is empty, and the fire selector switch is set to SAFE.

Amber, “Substantially Safe” – a leader must clear and verify that the
weapon’s bolt is forward, the chamber is empty, and ammunition is
introduced to the weapon. This is an administrative or preparatory WSS.

Red, “Marginally Safe” – the fire selector switch is set to SAFE, the
magazine is locked in the magazine well, a round is in the chamber, and
the bolt is locked in the forward position.

Black, “Not Safe” – Indicates when the weapon is fully prepared to fire, the firer
has positively identified the target, the fire selector switch is set to FIRE, and the
firer’s finger is on the trigger, and the fire is in the process of engaging the
target.

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 Weapons Control Status

Weapon Control Status Description

Weapons Hold Engage only if engaged or ordered to engage.
Weapons Tight Engage only if target is positively identified as
enemy.
Weapons Free Engage targets not positively identified as
friendly.

A Soldier would have to violate two of the rules of firearms safety or violate a
weapon safety status in order to have a negligent discharge.

A negligent discharge occurs when a weapon is fired due to either operator

error or a lack of attention to basic safety rules.

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 Army Standard Service Rifle

•The Army standard service rifle is either the M16-series rifle or

M4-series carbine. These weapons are described as a lightweight,
5.56-mm, magazine-fed, gas-operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired
rifle or carbine. They fire in semiautomatic (single-shot), three-round
burst, or in automatic mode using a selector lever, depending on the
variant.

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 M4A1 Major Components
Charging Handle

Back-Up Iron Sights Bolt and Bolt Carrier Assembly

(BUIS)
Upper Receiver and
Lower Receiver Barrel Assembly
and
Buttstock
Assembly Forward Pistol Grip
Assembly

Cartridge Magazine
Small Arms Sling

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M4A1 Major Components

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 Cycle Of Function

TC 3-22.9

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 Cycle Of Function

•Definition: is the mechanical process a weapon follows during

operation.

• In the M-4 Rifle is divided in phases.

• The M4- and M16-series weapons use a direct impingement gas

operating system. This system uses a portion of the high pressure
gas from the cartridge being fired to physically move the assemblies
and subassemblies in order to complete the cycle of function.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

1. Feeding- process of mechanically providing a cartridge of

ammunition to the entrance of the chamber.
2. Chambering- is the continuing action of the feeding round into
the chamber of the weapon.
3. Locking- is the process of creating a mechanical grip between
the bolt assembly and chamber with the appropriate amount of
headspace (clearance) for safe firing.
4. Firing- is the finite process of initiating the primer detonation of
the cartridge and continues through shot-exit of the projectile
from the muzzle.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

5. Unlocking- is the process of releasing the locking lugs on the

bolt face from the corresponding recesses on the barrel
extension surrounding the chamber area.
6. Extracting- is the removal of the expended cartridge case from
the chamber by means of the extractor
7. Ejecting- is the removal of the spent cartridge case from the
weapon itself.
8. Cocking- is the process of mechanically positioning the trigger
assembly’s parts for firing. The cocking phase completes the full
cycle of functioning.

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 Conduct Of Fire Commands

TC 3-20.31-4

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 Elements Of a Fire Command
Alert •Who fires?

Weapons/Ammunition •What Weapon or

ammunition will be fired?
•What target or targets description are
Target Description going to be engage?

Direction/ •What it’s the primary direction of the

Elevation target(s)?

•What it’s the approximate range to the

Range target?

Method •How will the threat be

engaged?
•What are the limitations, restrictions
Controls or authorization for the
engagement?
•When will the firing
Execution begin?

Termination

•When will the firing end?

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 Fire Command Basic Components

Terms
Types Response

Initial Sensing/
Assessment

Subsequent Modifiers

Supplemental Clarification

Also the Elements are basic components of fire

command. Movement
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 Magazine Change
Emergency & Tactical

071-WPN-1307

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 Emergency reload without retention of
magazine
a. Bolt is locked to the rear with an empty magazine in the weapon.
b. Maintain focus toward threat or engagement area.
c. Remove finger from the trigger and press it alongside the lower receiver.
d. Place the weapon on Safe.
e. Begin to lower the weapon and trap the buttstock underneath the firing arm.
f. Depress the magazine release button while the weapon is still horizontal to allow the magazine
to fall to the ground.
g. Bring the rifle into workspace and ensure the magazine well is rotated toward the non firing
side. Simultaneously, retrieve a magazine from load carrying equipment with non firing hand.
h. Shift focus toward magazine well and guide new magazine into magazine well. Shift focus
back toward threat or engagement area.
I. Seat the magazine by pushing upward into the magazine well until the magazine catch
engages. Ensure it is seated by pulling downward on the magazine.
j. Depress the bolt release with the non firing hand and present the rifle to the next threat or
engagement area.

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 Emergency reload with retention of magazine

a Bolt is locked to the rear with an empty magazine in the weapon.

b. Maintain focus toward threat or engagement area.
c. Remove finger from the trigger and press it alongside the lower receiver.
d. Place the weapon on Safe.
e. Bring the rifle into workspace and ensure the magazine well is rotated toward the non firing
side. Simultaneously, retrieve a magazine from load carrying equipment with non firing hand.
Ensure the magazine is secured in a grip that will allow a magazine change with one hand.
f. While holding both magazines in non firing hand, depress magazine release and rotate the
empty magazine away from the magazine well and replace it with the new magazine.
g. Push upward with the magazine to ensure the magazine catch engages. Pull downward to
ensure it has seated properly.
h. Make one attempt to stow the empty magazine in a magazine pouch, dump pouch, or cargo
pocket.
I. Depress the bolt release with the non firing hand and present the weapon to the next threat or
into the engagement area.

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 Tactical reload with retention of magazine
a. Bolt is locked forward with a partial magazine in the weapon.
b. Maintain focus toward threat or engagement area.
c. Remove finger from the trigger and press it alongside the lower receiver.
d. Place the weapon on Safe.
e. Bring the rifle into workspace and ensure the magazine well is rotated toward the
non firing side. Simultaneously, retrieve a magazine from load carrying equipment with
non firing hand. Ensure the magazine is secured in a grip that will allow a magazine
change with one hand.
f. While holding both magazines in non firing hand, depress magazine release and
rotate the partial magazine away from the magazine well and replace it with the new
magazine.
g. Push upward with the new magazine to ensure the magazine catch engages. Pull
downward to ensure it has seated properly.
h. Stow the partial magazine in a magazine pouch, dump pouch, or cargo pocket.
I. Return non firing hand to the weapon and present it to the next threat or into the
engagement area.

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 Correct Malfunctions

071-COM-0033

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 Immediate Action

1. Remove trigger finger from the trigger and ensure it is straight

and pressed along the frame.
2. Forcefully tap upward onto the baseplate of the magazine with
the heel of the non firing hand.
3. Grasp the charging handle and rapidly retract it fully to the rear
and release.
4. Reacquire target.
5. Press the trigger.
(1) Continue the engagement if the weapon fires.
(2) Proceed to remedial action if the weapon does not fire.

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 Immediate Action Corrects following:
1. Failure to fire – is when a round is locked into the chamber, the weapon is ready
to fire, the select switch is placed on SEMI or BURST / AUTO, and the trigger is
squeezed, the hammer falls (audible click), and the weapon does not fire.
2. Failure to feed – is when the bolt carrier assembly is expected to move return
back into battery but is prevented from moving all the way forward. A clear gap
can be seen between the bolt carrier assembly and the forward edge of the
ejection port. This failure may cause a stove pipe or a double feed.
3. Failure to chamber – when the round is being fed into the chamber, but the bolt
carrier assembly does not fully seat forward, failing to chamber the round and lock
the bolt locking lugs with the barrel extension’s corresponding lugs.
4. Failure to extract – when either automatically or manually, the extractor loses its
grip on the cartridge case or the bolt seizes movement rearward during extraction
that leaves the cartridge case partially removed or fully seated.
5. Failure to eject – occurs when, either automatically or manually, a cartridge case
is extracted from the chamber fully, but does not leave the upper receiver through
the ejection port.

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 Remedial Action

1. Quickly move to a covered position, and announce your weapon

status to the element.
2. Observe the weapon to identify the cause of the malfunction.
3. Correct an obstructed chamber.
A. Attempt to place the weapon on safe
B. Remove the magazine.
C. Lock the charging handle to the rear.
D. Place the selector lever on SAFE, if not already done.
E. Visually inspect the chamber.
i. Ensure chamber is empty.
ii. Ensure the breech face is clear of live or expended
Cartridges, foreign debris, and has no physical
damage.
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 Remedial Action
f. If obstructions are present, remove them from the chamber by:
I. Angling the ejection port downward and shaking the rifle to
remove cartridge.
II. Using a cleaning rod to push out a cartridge stuck in the
chamber.
III. Insert a new loaded magazine.
Note: When the magazine is fully seated, you should hear an audible click.
g. Press bolt catch to release the bolt.
h. Visually observe the round enter the chamber.
i. Reacquire target.
j. Press the trigger.
II. Continue the engagement if the weapon fires.
III. If weapon fails to fire, evacuate weapon to maintainer when
tactical situation permits.

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 Remedial Action Corrects the following:
1. Immediate action fails to correct symptom – when a malfunction
occurred that initiated the Soldier to execute immediate action and
multiple attempts failed to correct the malfunction. A minimum of two
cycles of immediate action should have been completed; first, without a
magazine change, and the second with a magazine change.
2. Stove pipe – can occur when either a feeding cartridge or an expended
cartridge case is pushed sideways during the cycle of function causing
that casing to stop the forward movement of the bolt carrier assembly
and lodge itself between the face of the bolt and the ejection port.
3. Double feed – occurs when a round is chambered and not fired and a
subsequent round is being fed without the chamber being clear.
4. Bolt override – is when the bolt fails to push a new cartridge out of the
magazine during feeding or chambering, causing the bolt to ride on top
of the cartridge.
5. Charging handle impingement – when a round becomes stuck
between the bolt assembly and the charging handle where the charging
handle is not in the forward, locked position.

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 Employment

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 Shot Process Functional Elements
1. The Rifleman’s primary role is to engage the enemy with well-aimed shots.

2. Maximum Effective Range: “The greatest distance at which a Soldier may be expected to
deliver a target hit”.

3. Consistency: Based on how fast the Soldier can consistently acquire and engage the
enemy with accuracy and precision. This involves maintaining postural steadiness, establish
and maintain proper aim on target, stabilizing weapon while pressing the trigger, and
adjusting for environmental and battlefield conditions.

4. Sight Alignment: Relationship between the aiming device and firer’s eye. Firer’s focus
needs to be in the front sight post or reticle and be maintained throughout the aiming
process.

5. Sight Picture: The placement of the aligned sights on the target.

6. Trigger Control: The skillful manipulation of the trigger that causes the rifle to fire without
disturbing the aim.
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 Shot Process Functional Elements

1. Stability – the Soldier stabilizes the weapon to provide a consistent

base to fire from and maintain through the shot process until the recoil
pulse has ceased. This process includes how the Soldier holds the
weapon, uses structures or objects to provide stability, and the Soldier’s
posture on the ground during an engagement.
2. Aim – the continuous process of orienting the weapon correctly, aligning
the sights, aligning on the target, and the appropriate lead and elevation
(hold) during a target engagement.
3. Control – all the conscious actions of the Soldier before, during, and
after the shot process that the Soldier specifically is in control of. The
first of which is trigger control. This includes whether, when, and how to
engage. It incorporates the Soldier as a function of safety, as well as the
ultimate responsibility of firing the weapon.
4. Movement – the process of the Soldier moving during the engagement
process. It includes the Soldier’s ability to move laterally, forward,
diagonally, and in a retrograde manner while maintaining stabilization,
appropriate aim, and control of the weapon.

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions
a. Hang
b. Safe Hang
c. Collapsed Low Ready
d. Low Ready
e. High Ready
f. Ready (or Ready-Up)

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 Stability, Cont.
1. Carry Positions

Hang Safe Hang

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions

Collapsed Low Ready Low Ready

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions

High Ready Ready or Ready Up

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 Stability, Cont.
▪ Firing Position
▪ Stability Example

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 Stability, Cont.
2. Firing Positions
a. Standing (Unsupported, supported)
b. Squatting
c. Kneeling
d. Sitting
e. Prone

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 Stability, Cont.
a. Standing (Unsupported, supported)

Standing Unsupported Standing Supported

75

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 Stability, Cont.

b. Squatting

76

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 Stability, Cont.
c. Kneeling

Kneeling Unsupported Kneeling Supported

77

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 Stability, Cont.
d. Sitting

Sitting Cross-Ankle Sitting Cross-Leg

78

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 Stability, Cont.
d. Sitting, Cont.

Sitting Cross-Ankle 79

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 Stability, Cont.
e. Prone

Prone Unsupported Prone Supported

Note. The magazine can be rested on the ground while using the prone
unsupported position. Firing with the magazine on the ground will NOT
induce a malfunction. 80

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 Stability, Cont.
e. Prone, Cont.

Prone, Roll Over Reverse Roll-over Prone

81

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 Aim
1. The aiming process consists of the following*:
a. Weapon Orientation
b. Sight Alignment
c. Sight Picture
d. Point of Aim (POA)
e. Point of Impact (POI)

Horizontal Weapon Orientation

82

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 Aim, Cont.
a. Weapon Orientation

Horizontal Weapon Orientation Vertical Weapon Orientation

83

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Sight Alignment/Sight Picture

Sight Alignment:

Iron Sights (Top)

CCO (Second from
top)
RCO (Third from top)
Thermal (Bottom)

Sight Picture

84

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Wind

Downrange wind indicators:

0 to 3 mph: Hardly felt, but smoke drifts

3 to 5 mph: Felt lightly on the face

5 to 8 mph: Keeps leaves in constant

movement

8 to 12 mph: Raises dust and loose

paper

12 to 15 mph: Causes small trees to

sway 85

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Wind Value

Downrange wind indicators:

0 to 3 mph: Hardly felt, but smoke drifts

3 to 5 mph: Felt lightly on the face

5 to 8 mph: Keeps leaves in constant

movement

8 to 12 mph: Raises dust and loose paper

12 to 15 mph: Causes small trees to sway

86

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Deliberate Wind Hold Chart EPR

Wind Speed (miles per hour {mph})

Meters
5 10 15 20
600 18 inches 36 inches 54 inches 72 inches
500 13 inches 25 inches 38 inches 50 inches
400 8 inches 16 inches 24 inches 32 inches
Range
300 5 Inches 9 inches 14 inches 18 inches
200 2 inches 4 inches 6 inches 8 inches
100 .5 inches 1 inches 2 inches 2 inches
Note: This chart represents ballistic information for M855A1 Ammunition
MOA- minute of angle
mm- millimeter

87

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Deliberate Wind Hold Chart M855 (Green Tip)

Wind Speed (miles per hour {mph})

Meters
5 10 15 20

600 26 inches 51 inches 77 inches 103 inches

500 18 inches 36 inches 54 inches 71 inches

400 11 inches 23 inches 34 inches 46 inches

Range
300 6 inches 13 inches 19 inches 26 inches

200 3 inches 5 inches 8 inches 11 inches

100 1 inches 1 inches 2 inches 3 inches

Note: This chart represents ballistic information for M855 Ammunition

MOA- minute of angle
mm- millimeter
88

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Aim, Cont.

89

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Reticles

90

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 Aim, Cont.

▪ Immediate Holds Elevation

91

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ RCO range
determination using
BDC

92

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Immediate Holds:

WINDAGE ELEVATIO 93

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 Aim, Cont.

▪ Oblique Holds:

94

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Units of Angular
Measurement – MOA
(Minute Of Angle)

95

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 Aim, Cont.

▪ Backup Iron Sights

(BUIS)

96

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 Control
1. The Control Element includes the following actions:
a. Trigger Control
b. Breathing Control
c. Workspace
d. Calling the shot
e. Follow-through

97

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 Control
▪ Functional Elements of Control:

SOLDIER CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Fire Control System Ballistic Computer Stabilization System
Means of Mobility

SUPPORTING SOLDIER FUNCTIONS

Work Space
Trigger Control Breath Control
Management
Calling the Shot Follow-Through

ENGAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Target Target Prioritization of
Safety (SDZ) Malfunctions Sector Check
detection identification fires
Transition to Wobble Zone Supplemental
Safety (SDZ) Reloads Rate of Fire
Secondary Size Engagements
98

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 Control, Cont.

a. Trigger Control:
1. Finger placement
2. Trigger Squeeze
3. Trigger Reset

Natural finger placement, rearward trigger pull

99

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 Control, Cont.
b. Breathing Control:
1. Goal is to reduce movement
2. Do not stop breathing!
3. Reduce wobble (arc of movement)

Arc of Movement

100

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 Control, Cont.
1. Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulations:
a. EST II: Supports realistic and comprehensive gated rifle
marksmanship instruction, identifies Soldiers' needs by
requiring them to satisfy gate requirements in order to
progress, and facilitates any necessary remedial training prior
to qualification.

b. Dime/Washer Exercise: The primary purpose of this exercise

is to practice trigger control; it is also used to reinforce good
body position and breath control. The Soldier must
successfully dry-fire his weapon six consecutive times
without the dime or washer falling to the ground.

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 Control, Cont.
c. Workspace:
1. Selector Lever
2. Charging Handle
3. Bolt Catch
4. Ejection Port
5. Magazine Catch
6. Chamber Check
7. Forward Assist

Workspace Example
102

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 Control, Cont.
d. Calling the Shot:
1. Detecting position of the sights when weapon discharged
2. Detecting errors such as flinching or jerking of the trigger
3. Firer calls out where he/she thinks the shot struck
4. Applying Rule #4 of the Rules of Firearm Safety: “Ensure
Positive Identification of the Target and its Surroundings”

103

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 Control, Cont.
e. Follow-Through:
1. Recoil Management
2. Recoil Recovery
3. Trigger/Sear Reset
4. Sight Picture Adjustment
5. Engagement Assessment

104

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 Target Acquisition Process
1. Target Acquisition Process:
a. Detect potential threats by scanning and searching, acquiring, and locating threats

b. Identify the threat as friend, foe, or non-combatant (target identification)

c. Prioritize the threat based on the level of danger they present (target prioritization)

2. Target Detection
1. Scan: Rapid, Slow, Horizontal, Vertical

2. Detailed Search

3. Acquire: Target acquisition is the discovery of any object in the operational environment
such as personnel, equipment, or objects of potential military significance.

4. Locate: Target location is the determination of where a target is in your operational

environment in relation to the shooter, unit, or element.

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 Target Acquisition Process
1. Target Identification

A. Friend

B. Foe

C. Noncombatants

D. Fratricide Prevention: Markings, panels (VS-17), lighting, beacons or strobes,

symbols. Warning – Illumination signals from beacons and strobes cannot be viewed
by Thermal optics!

2. Target Prioritization

1. Near before far

2. Frontal before flank

3. Stationary before moving

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 Overmatch
1. Develop the Soldier’s direct fire engagement skills through these
attributes:
a. Smart
b. Fast
c. Lethal
d. Precise
2. Components of Overmatch:
a. Target detection, acquisition, and identification
b. Engagement range
c. Limited visibility
d. Precision
e. Speed
f. Terminal performance

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 Overmatch
1. Range overmatch provides a tactical engagement buffer that
accommodates the Soldier’s time to engage with precision fires. For
example, a Soldier that has the capability to effectively engage
personnel targets at a range of 500 meters will have range overmatch
of 10 to 20 percent over a threat rifleman.

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Maintain an M16-series rifle / M4-series rifle
carbine

Perform a function check on an M16-series

rifle / M4-series carbine

071-COM-0032
071-COM-0029

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 Maintain an M16 Series Rifle/M4 Series Rifle
Carbine
1. Clear the weapon.
2. Disassemble the Weapon.
3. Clean the Weapon.
4. Inspect the weapon for serviceability.
5. Lubricate the weapon.
6. Assemble the Weapon. Note: CLP is used to identify when
7. Perform Function check lubricant is needed, however it can
8. Inspect magazine. be replaced with LSA (weapons
9. Maintain ammunition lubricant oil, semifluid), or LAW
(lubricating oil, artic weather) as
applicable.

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Perform a function check on an M16-series rifle
/ M4-series carbine
1. Confirm the M16/M4 is clear.
2. Conduct a function check on the M16/M4.
a. Place selector lever on SAFE.
b. Pull charging handle to rear and release.
c. Pull trigger.
Note: Hammer should not fall.
d. Place selector lever on SEMI.
e. Pull trigger.
Note: Hammer should fall.
f. Hold trigger to the rear and charge the weapon.
g. Release the trigger with a slow, smooth motion, until the trigger is
fully forward.
Note: An audible click should be heard.
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111
Perform a function check on an M16-series rifle
/ M4-series carbine
h. Pull trigger.
Note: Hammer should fall.
i. Place selector lever on BURST (M16A2, M16A4, and M4 only).
j. Charge weapon one time.
k. Squeeze trigger.
Note: Hammer should fall.
l. Hold trigger to the rear.
m. Charge weapon three times.
n. Release trigger.
o. Squeeze trigger.
Note: Hammer should fall.
p. Place the selector switch on AUTO (M16A3 and M4A1 only).
q. Pull the charging handle to the rear, charging the weapon.
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112
Perform a function check on an M16-series rifle
/ M4-series carbine
r. Squeeze the trigger.
Note: Hammer should fall.
s. Hold the trigger to the rear.
t. Cock the weapon again.
u. Fully release the trigger then squeeze it again.
Note: The hammer should not fall because it should have fallen when
the bolt was allowed to move forward during the chambering and locking
sequences.

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Zero an M16-series rifle / M4-series carbine

071-COM-0031

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 M5 Rail Adapter System (RAS)
The M5 Rail Adapter System is labeled with “Addresses” to aid the
soldier in properly mounting M16/M4 accessories

Side view of the RAS showing “R” address

markings

Top view of the RAS showing “T” address

markings

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115
 M5 Rail Adapter System (RAS)

Picatinny Rail Grabber

Incite Rail Grabber

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116
 Prepare the Close Combat Optic (CCO)

1. Ensure the front lens cover is closed.

2. Turn the switch knob to the desired
setting.
3. Remove rear lens cover.
4. Look through lens to verify the desired
intensity of the red dot on the front lens
cover.
5. Remove the front lens cover.

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117
 Close Combat Optic (CCO)
1. Prepare the CCO for operations.
2. Mount the close combat optic to the
flattop receiver rail. (Hand tight
only)
a) Ensure the base of the close
combat optic does not extend past
the end of the mounting rail.
b) Ensure the grabber edges wrap
around the mounting rail.
c) Ensure the torque bar is in a slot on
the mounting rail.
d) Applying finger pressure only,
rotate the torque knob counter
clockwise until it snaps two times.

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118
 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO)

1. Zero the bore light to the weapon.

A. Ensure weapon is clear.
B. Prepare the weapon.
I. Stabilize the weapon without cant.
II. Insert the boresight filter to reduce blooming of the
laser (Optional)
III. Attach the 5.56-millimiter mandrel to the borelight.
IV. Insert the mandrel into the weapon’s muzzle.

Bore light inserted properly (battery down)

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119
 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO) Cont.
C. Prepare the target.
I. Secure a target that includes the correct boresight offset
II. Measure 10 meters.
III. Turn on the borelight.
IV. Ensure the laser strikes the target.
V. Place the borelight in the start position by rotating the borelight
counter-clockwise 180 degrees until the battery compartment is
facing upward.
VI. Secure the boresighting target with the laser striking the zeroing
mark or draw a zeroing mark (small dot) on the target, where the
laser strikes the target.

Rotating the borelight (start/battery up position)

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 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO) Cont.
D. Determine the boresighting reference point.
I. Place the borelight in the half turn position by rotating the
borelight counterclockwise 180 degrees until the battery
compartment is facing down and the adjusters area on the
bottom.

II. Identify the point half way between the start point and the half
turn point as the reference point

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121
 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO) Cont.

E. Determine if the borelight is boresighted (zeroed) to the weapon.

I. Determine the size of the laser circle by rotating the
borelight counterclockwise.
II. (2) Proceed to step 2, boresight the close combat optic, if
the laser dot remains stationary or rotates around the
reference point no more than one centimeter.
III. (3) Proceed to step 1f, adjust the borelight, if the laser dot
rotates in a circle greater than one centimeter.
G. Adjust the borelight, as required.
I. Turn the windage and the elevation adjuster, as required,
to move the visible laser to the reference point.
II. Repeat steps e and f until the visible laser spins a
one-centimeter or less circle then proceed to step 2,
boresight the close combat optic to the weapon.

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122
 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO) Cont.

2. Boresight the close combat optic to the weapon.

A. Rotate the switch knob clockwise to desired brightness level.
B. Aim the red dot in the close combat optic reticle at the 10-meter
boresighting target.
C. Make adjustments to the windage and elevation of the close combat
optic until the borelight is centered with the circle on the boresighting
target.
D. Turn the borelight off.
E. Move the weapon off of the boresight point of aim.
F. Realign the red dot in the close combat optic on the boresight point
of aim.
G. Turn the borelight back on.
H. Verify that the borelight laser is in the borelight circle and that close
combat optic red dot is aligned with the boresight point of aim.

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 Boresight the M68 Close Combat (CCO) Cont.

3. Remove the borelight from the weapon

A. Turn the borelight off.
B. Carefully remove the borelight and mandrel from the muzzle of the
weapon.
C. Remove the borelight from the mandrel.

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 Zero an M68 Sight to M4- Series Carbine
071-705-0003
1. Prepare the close combat optic for operation.
a. Ensure the front lens cover is closed.
b. Turn the switch knob to the desired setting.
c. Remove the rear lens cover.
d. Look through the lens to verify the desired intensity of the red dot on the front
lens cover.
e. Remove the front lens cover.
2. Establish a correct sight picture.
a. Identify the aiming point on 25-meter zero target.
b. Assume a prone supported firing position.
c. Obtain a correct sight picture.
a. Use the two-eyes-open method (preferred method) by positioning
your head so that you can focus one eye on the red dot while
scanning downrange with your other eye.
b. (2) Use the one-eye-open method by positioning your head so
that you can shut your non firing eye while looking through the
sight with your firing eye.
d. Place the red dot on the center of mass of the target.
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 Zero an M68 Sight to M4- Series Carbine
071-705-0003
3. Establish a tight shot group.
4. Adjust the close combat optic to obtain a zero.
a. Determine the necessary sight adjustments.
I. Identify the center of the last fired shot group
II. Identify the adjustment to move this point of the
center of the strike zone (zero offset).
b. Turn the adjuster knobs to move the next shot group to the
target center.
6. Establish a zero.
7. Confirm the zero.

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126
 Prepare the Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

1. Open front and rear lens covers.

2. Adjust the Rear Sight (by weapon type).

Note: To adjust reticle illumination during extremely bright

conditions, use rigger’s tape to shield the fiber optic collector.
During bright conditions only about a half to one inch of fiber optic
is required to illuminate reticle. The tape can be peeled back to
expose more of the fiber optic when more reticle illumination is
needed.

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127
 Boresight the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)
071-705-0007
1. Zero the borelight to the weapon.
A. Ensure weapon is clear.
B. Prepare the weapon.
I. Stabilize the weapon without cant.
II. Insert the boresight filter to reduce blooming of the laser
(Optional)
III. Attach the 5.56-millimiter mandrel to the borelight.
IV. Insert the mandrel into the weapon’s muzzle.

Borelight inserted properly (battery down)

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 Boresight the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)
C. Prepare the target.
I. Secure a target that includes the correct boresight offset
II. Measure 10 meters.
III. Turn on the borelight.
IV. Ensure the laser strikes the target.
V. Place the borelight in the start position by rotating the borelight
counter-clockwise 180 degrees until the battery compartment is
facing upward.
VI. Secure the boresighting target with the laser striking the zeroing
mark or draw a zeroing mark (small dot) on the target, where the
laser strikes the target.

Rotating the borelight (start/battery up position)

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129
 Boresight the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)
D. Determine the boresighting reference point.
I. Place the borelight in the half turn position by rotating the
borelight counterclockwise 180 degrees until the battery
compartment is facing down and the adjusters area on the
bottom.

II. Identify the point half way between the start point and the half
turn point as the reference point

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 Boresight the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

E. Determine if the borelight is boresighted (zeroed) to the weapon.

I. Determine the size of the laser circle by rotating the
borelight counterclockwise.
II. (2) Proceed to step 2, boresight the rifle combat optic, if
the laser dot remains stationary or rotates around the
reference point no more than one centimeter.
III. (3) Proceed to step 1f, adjust the borelight, if the laser dot
rotates in a circle greater than one centimeter.
G. Adjust the borelight, as required.
I. Turn the windage and the elevation adjuster, as required,
to move the visible laser to the reference point.
II. Repeat steps e and f until the visible laser spins a
one-centimeter or less circle then proceed to step 2,
boresight the rifle combat optic to the weapon.

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 Boresight the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

2. Boresight the rifle combat optic to the weapon.

A. Aim the tip of the 300-meter post in the rifle combat optic reticle at
the 10-meterboresighting target.
B. Make adjustments to the windage and elevation of the rifle combat
optic until the borelight is centered with the circle on the boresighting
target.
C. Turn the borelight off.
D. Move the weapon off of the boresight point of aim.
E. Realign the tip of the 300-meter post on the boresight point of aim.
F. Turn the borelight back on.
G. Verify that the borelight laser is in the borelight circle and that
300-meter post is aligned with the boresight point of aim.

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 Zero the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

1. Prepare the rifle optic for operation.

2. Establish a correct sight picture.

Note: A 25-meter zero

is less precise than a
100-meter zero and
should be verified at
longer distances once
time and a range is
available.

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Rifle Combat Optic Bullet Drop Compensator

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134
 Zero the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

a. Ensure the proper eye-relief is obtained. Eye relief on the rifle

combat optic is 1.5 inches.

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135
 Zero the M150 Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)

3. Establish a tight shot group

4. Adjust the rifle combat optic to obtain a zero.
5. Establish a zero
6. Confirm the zero.

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136
 Set the Weapon to battle sight zero for
mechanical sight (BUIS)
1. Adjust rear aperture by positioning
the apertures so the unmarked
aperture is up and the 0-200 meter
aperture is down.
2. Adjust windage by turning the
windage knob to align the index
mark on the 0-200 meter aperture
with the long center index line on the
rear sight assembly.

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137
 Set the Weapon to battle sight zero for
mechanical sight (BUIS)
3. Turn the elevation knob
counterclockwise until the rear sight
assembly rests flush with the carrying
handle and the 6/3 marking is aligned
with the index line on the left side of the
carrying handle.
4. Turn the elevation knob two more clicks
clockwise so the index line on the left
side of the detachable carrying handle is
aligned with the "Z" on the elevation
knob.

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138
 Set the Weapon to battle sight zero for
mechanical sight (BUIS)
5. Adjust elevation by turning the elevation
knob counterclockwise until the rear
sight assembly rests flush with the
detachable carrying handle and the 6/3
marking is aligned with the index line on
the left side of the carrying handle.
6. Align the mark on the left side of the
sight cam with the 300-meter mark.

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 Minute Of Angle (MOA)

A minute of angle (MOA) is an angular unit

of measurement equal to 1/60th of a
degree. The most common use of MOA is
when describing the distance of change
required when zeroing a weapon.

One MOA equals 1.047 inches per 100

yards. For most applications, a Soldier
can round this to 1 inch at 100 yards or 1.1
inches at 100 meters to simplify their
arithmetic.

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 25 Meters Zero Target

Grouping – Successfully group by placing

four of five rounds in two consecutive
five-round shot groups within a 6 minute of
angle (MOA) circle (threshold) or 4 MOA
(objective) at 25-meters.

Zeroing – Successfully place four of five

rounds in two consecutive shot groups
within the 6 MOA circle (threshold) or 4
MOA (objective) surrounding the
appropriate point of impact on the A8 zero
target at 25-meters.

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 Grouping & Zeroing

All firers will complete grouping, zeroing, confirmation at distance, and application of hold-offs with primary
aiming device. Only firers assigned the M68 CCO are authorized the second iteration of grouping and zeroing
ammunition for their BUIS. On weapons assigned the M150, RCO, the BUIS must be removed for use to achieve
the appropriate eye relief. No training ammunition is authorized for zeroing the BUIS on weapons assigned the
M150.
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 MOA Threshold

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 Adjustment Example

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144
 Adjustment Example

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 Table III Drills

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