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Analytical Methods 2 Introduction

Analytical chemistry is the area responsible for characterizing the composition of matter both qualitatively and quantitatively through the application of chemical knowledge. Analytical methods involve developing and validating techniques to analyze samples for specific analytes and matrices. The goal is to extend and improve the ability to make meaningful measurements on smaller samples, shorter time scales, or at lower concentrations. Key aspects of analytical methods include accuracy, precision, sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity, robustness, and ruggedness.

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Raven Gose
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26 views

Analytical Methods 2 Introduction

Analytical chemistry is the area responsible for characterizing the composition of matter both qualitatively and quantitatively through the application of chemical knowledge. Analytical methods involve developing and validating techniques to analyze samples for specific analytes and matrices. The goal is to extend and improve the ability to make meaningful measurements on smaller samples, shorter time scales, or at lower concentrations. Key aspects of analytical methods include accuracy, precision, sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity, robustness, and ruggedness.

Uploaded by

Raven Gose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Analytical Methods 2.

1
Chemistry Analysis – process that provides
- study of matter, its composition, chemical or physical information about
structure, physical properties, reactivity the constituents in the sample or the
sample itself.
Biology Analytes- the constituents of interest in
- study that deals with living organisms a sample
& their vital process Matrix – all other constituents in a
sample except for the analytes
Analytical Chemistry Determination – analysis of a sample to
- area responsible for characterizing the find the identity, concentration, or
composition of matter both qualitatively properties of the analyte.
and quantitatively in biology Measurement – an experimental
- application of chemical knowledge determination of an analyte’s chemical
- improve stablished methods, extend or physical properties
existing methods to new types of Techniques – a chemical or physical
samples, and develop new methods for principle that can used to analyze a
measuring chemical phenomena. sample.
Methods - means for analyzing a sample
Analytical methods vs routine analysis for a specific analyte in a specific matrix
- challenge of developing and validating Procedure - written directions outlining
method how to analyze a sample
routine analysis Protocol - set of written guidelines for
- daily application of the method analyzing a sample specified by an
agency
Analytical Method Signal - an experimental measurement
- extend and improve the ability to make that is proportional to the amount of
meaningful measurement on smaller analyte (S)
samples or on more complex samples, Total Analysis Technique - technique in
on shorter time scales or on species which the signal is proportional to the
present at lower concentration absolute amount of analyte; also called
classical technique
Analytical Perspective Accuracy - a measure of the agreement
1. Identify and define the problem between an experimental results and its
2. design the experimental procedure expected value
3. conduct an experiment and gather data Precision - an indication of the
4. analyze the experimental data reproducibility of a measurement or
5. propose a solution to the problem result
Sensitivity - a measure of a method's
Qualitative Analysis – determines the ability to distinguish between two
identity of the constituent species in a samples; reported as the change in signal
sample. per unit change in the amount of analyte
Quantitative Analysis – determines (k)
how much of a constituent species is Detection Limit - a statistical statement
present in a sample. about the smallest amount of analyte that
Characterization Analysis- evaluate a can be determined with confidence
sample’ s chemical or physical Selectivity - a measure of a method's
properties. freedom from interference as defined by
Fundamental Analysis – improve the method's selectivity coefficient
analytical methods capabilities. Robust- method that can be applied to
analyze in a wide variety of matrices is
considered robust
Rugged - method that is insensitive to
changes in experimental conditions is
considered rugged
Calibration - the process of ensuring
that the signal measured by a piece of
equipment or an instrument is correct
Standardization - process of
establishing the relationship between the
amount of analyte and a method's signal
Validation - process of verifying that a
procedure yields acceptable results

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