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/ 39
nagement of
(wrmeoueron}
Management is essential for an organised life and 44 Functions of Sports Events Management
necessary to run all types of organisations.
According to Harold Koontz, “Management is the
art of getting things done through others and with
formally organised groups.”
According to FW Taylor, “Management is the art of
knowing what you want to do and then seeing that
they do it in the best and the cheapest manner.”
The five basic functions of management include
planning, organising, staffing, directing and
controlling. A number of people with different skills
and roles are involved in its execution. There is
considerable interaction among people and their
responsibilities.
12
a3)
14
15
(Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing
and Controlling)
Various Committees and their Respon-
sibilities (pre during and post)
Fixtures and their Procedures Knock-
Out (Bye and Seeding), League
(Staircase, Cyclic, Tabular method) and
Combination tournaments
Intramural and Extramural Tournaments
Meaning, Objectives and Its Significance
Community Sports Program (Sports Day,
Health Run, Run for Fun, Run for Specific
Cause and Run for Unity)
Similar to management of an organisation, Sports event management is also a huge job. Sports event
managers are responsible for planning and delivering on every detail. From community fundraisers and
school sports to the major leagues and international competitions, they work at every level to ensure
that each event goes off without a hitch and that spectators stay engaged.
FUNCTIONS OF SPORTS EVENTS MANAGEMENT (PLANNING,
ORGANISING, STAFFING, DIRECTING & CONTROLLING)
‘The five basic functions of Sports events management are planning,
organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
| Planning, ),
1. Planning
According to Koontz & O’Donnell, “Planning is deciding in
advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. Planning
bridges the gap between where we are to, where we want to
go. It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise
occur”.
Planning is the foremost function in sports as it gives a view of
future course of action. Planning is the function of management
that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action
for achieving those objectives. It involves predicting the future as
TCLs
ASTRA
Management well as attempting to control the events. It involves
the ability to foresee the effects of current actions
in the long run in the future. To be effective, a plan
should be specific, logical, flexible and complete in
all aspects and should assist in controlling future
events.
Some Main Functions of Planning are as follows =
* Defining goals and objectives for the event
* Developing a budget for the event
«Selecting a venue and determining event format
* Developing a timeline and schedule for the event
* Identifying and addressing potential risks or challenges to the event
2. Organising
According to Henri Fayol, “Organising is a process of establishing authority relationships among selected
people, work and workplaces so that the group can work together efficiently.”
Post planning comes organising the resources and teams so that the action plans can be implemented.
Organising is to focus on how to achieve objectives. Organising is the function of management that
involves developing an organisational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the
accomplishment of objectives. Decisions must be made about the duties and responsibilities of individual
jobs, as well as the manner in which the duties should be carried out.
‘Some Main Functions of Organising are as follows :
* Assigning duties to various departments
* Classifying various groups of activities
Coordinating resources and logistics required for
event success
Coordinating with external partners and vendors
as needed
operations
3. Staffing
* Developing policies and procedures for event e
According to Koontz & O’Donnell, “Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organisation
structure through the proper and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the
roles designed in the structure”.
Staffing is the function of hiring and retaining a suitable work-force for the enterprise both at managerial
as well as non-managerial levels. It involves the process of recruiting, training, developing, compensating
and evaluating employees and maintaining this workforce with proper incentives and motivations.
Since the human element is the most vital factor in the process of management, it is important to
recruit the right personnel.
Some Main Functions of Staffing are as follows :
* Defining staffing requirements for the event
* Developing job descriptions and qualifications for event staff
* Recruiting and hiring event staff
EEA atainm Training and developing event staff
Scheduling event staff and assigning tasks
and responsibilities
Managing event staff and addressing any
performance issues that arise
* Ensuring compliance with legal and
regulatory requirements related to
employees
Developing contingency plans for staffing
emergencies
4. Directing
According to John A.
involves the responsib!
oe eee a ed with leadership, communication,
irectit tion is concern a a 3
ace ee perform their activities in the most efficient manner possible, in order to achieve
the desired goals.
Some Main Functions of Directing are as follows :
* Communicating expectations and
responsibilities to event staff and volunteers
Delegating tasks and responsibilities to
appropriate individuals
Providing guidance and support to event staff
and volunteers
Addressing any conflicts or issues that may arise
among team members in a timely and effective
manner.
Fostering good relationships between team
members, stakeholders and volunteers to ensure everyone is working effectively and efficiently
towards the success of the event.
5. Controlling
Pearce Il and Richard B. Robinson, Jr, “Directing is a managerial function that
lity of managers for communicating to others what their roles are in achieving
motivation and supervision so
According to Koontz & O'Donnell, “Controlling is the measurement & correction of performance
activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to
obtain them are being accomplished”.
The function of control consists of those activities that | SI" Usman
are undertaken to ensure that the events do not deviate :
from the pre-arranged plans. The activities consist of
establishing standards for work performance, measuring
performance and comparing it to these set standards and
taking corrective actions as and when needed, to correct
any deviations,
Some Main Functions of Controlling are as follows :
* Establishing standard performance
¢ Measuring actual performance * Comparing actual performance with established standards to identify deviations
« Taking corrective action to address deviations
¢ Conducting regular performance evaluations and assessments
* Evaluating and adjusting the event plan as needed to ensure success.
COMMITTEES TO ORGANISE SPORTS EVENTS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES
Sports events or tournaments require a lot of planning and preparation. Lot of people are involved and
various committees are made so that the plans are implemented and executed properly.
Formation of committees should be based on three levels of management — top, middle and lower
levels. For an intramural event, members of the governing body or the Principal will remain the top
level of management, whereas in an extramural event, the Director/Deputy Director/Supervisor of the
state/ zone may be at the top level of management. They prepare policies or aims and objectives of
the sports event. Middle level of management consists of department heads, physical education
teachers etc, to execute policies and achieve aims and objectives. The Lower level of management
consists of teachers, administrators, finance officers etc. They implement the orders and directives of
the top level.
Hierarchy of Organising Committee to conduct Intramural Event in School/ institution
Chairperson
(Principal of School) }
é
» Convener
(Physical Education Teacher)
o
Members
(Teachers of School)
6
Head Boy / Girl or Sports )
Secretary / President
Hierarchy of Organising Committee to conduct Extramural Event in Schools/ institutions
Director of Physical
| Education and Sports in State
Government (Chairperson) _
é
f, Be oh Assi ]
f bree sistant
may, CPIM a
é of committees to be constituted to organise a sports event; it depends on
the number of participants, level of event, area of specialization, dedication of volunteers ete,
Given below is the description of various committees and their responsibilities :
LAYOUT OF ORGANISING COMMITTEE
There is no fixed number
f “Tournament Director/President/Chairman
7
Executive Committee) 3
Organising Committee ) ia,
‘ Sy SUNS i all Ss at eas
1. — Director / — / chalrmae) + Director of the tournament is incharge of overall
activities. He has to see everything regarding tournament and conducts meetings with various
committees to organise the tournament successfully.
2. Executive Committee : Executive Committee consists of the members from various committees,
Executive Committee may have one member from each committee to decide important matters
regarding the tournament.
3. Organising Committee : |t includes the following :
() Accreditation Committee : The responsibility of accreditation committee includes
management of accreditation centres during the activity. It also registers all participants
with an operational role. The production and distribution of the validation pass is also the
duty of accreditation committee. It also assigns the access rights and privileges to which a
participant is entitled.
(i) Finance Committee : Finance Committee prepares the budget of the tournament and every
expenditure is maintained by the finance committee. It is the duty of the finance committee to
arrange finance for the tournament. It also helps in making purchases of sports equipment
and other things required for the tournament. Financial reporting as well as monitoring of
internal controls and accountability policies are done by the finance committee. Once the
event is over, the Finance Committee examines all records related to settlement of the bills
and accounts and prepares the financial report.
(iff) Marketing Committee : The Marketing Committee develops plans and strategies to place
the event in the market with the purpose of generating publicity and sponsorships. Publicity
can be done through various modes like social media, print media, TV, e-mail etc. and
sponsorship can be generated in terms of cash or kind by making media partners, food partners, drink partners etc. through calling on, meeting various companies etc: Marketing
Committee also organises campaigns related to the event.
(iv) Boarding and Lodging Committee : This committee has to make all th
boarding and lodging for outside teams and officials. All these arrangem
in advance, so that the teams may not face any problem during the tournament.
{v) Transport/Logistics Committee : Transport/Logistics committee makes all the transportation
related arrangements before the start of the tournament, during tournament and after the
tournament, so that there is no problem for the teams and Officials to go from one place to
another. It takes special care for the arrival and departure of the teams.
(vi) Reception Committee : Invitations are sent by the reception committee an\
function the guests are received by the reception committee.
(vil) Ceremony and Decoration Committee : Decoration of the pandal
sit or the area where the guests have to sit are to be decorated by the
All the ceremonies have to be performed by the ceremony committee.
(viii) Prizes and Certificates Committee : All the prizes i.e. cups, medals, shi
are to be purchased and distributed by this committee. The mementoes
and for other guests also have to be bought by this committee.
(ix) Ground and Equipment Committee : Preparation and maintenance of the ground, pitch,
table tennis tables or any other ground has to be managed by the ground committee. This is
according to the type of matches to be played. This committee has to arrange the proper
quality of equipment required for the competition. If it is an athletic meet then material
required for an athletic meet has to be arranged by the equipment committee.
(x) Refreshment Committee : Refreshment committee has to arrange the refreshment for the
chief guest, guests, officials and players.
(xi) First-Aid Committee : First aid committee has to arrange 2 first-aid team consisting of one
‘or two qualified doctors, compounders or nurses etc. During tournament or athletic meet
the players may meet with an ‘accident, in that case the proper first-aid and medical help is
given by first-aid committee.
(xi) Announcement Committee : There should be two or three good announcers with few
assistants, so that the announcements can be made properly and in time. It is one of the
important committees.
(xii) Committee for Officials : Their responsibility is to select officials such as marshalls, track
officials, referees, time keepers etc. in case of games ; as per the requirement.
(xiv) Entries and Programmes Committee : This committee sends registration forms for entry, to
receive them on time and allot numbers to participants. They are also responsible for
preparing the programme list and get it printed.
PRE, DURING AND POST TOURNAMENT RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMITTEES
To organise a sports tournament in a'smooth way, it is necessary that every aspect of planning process
is kept in mind which can be classified into pre-tournament responsibilities, during tournament
Tesponsibilities and post-tournament responsibilities.
1, Pre-Tournament responsibilities : These are done before the tournament starts. They need a lot
of planning which is to be done in a systematic way and is generally performed by physical
education teacher.
(i) To plan schedule of the tournament which includes finalising the dates, venue of the
tournament etc.
(i) To arrange the facilities which include equipment, playfields etc.
Vad
e arrangements for
ents are made well
id on the day of
| where chief guest has to
decoration committee.
ields and certificates
for the chief guests make the budget of the tournament and take approvals from higher authorities,
(ili) To
rouping of staff members according to their ;
(iv) Formation of various committees and the gt
potential.
(v) To send information of the tournament to the c
(vi) After confirmation of participation, to arrange meet
drawing fixtures,
(vif) To arrange officiating teams and their approvals for supervision.
(viif) To arrange mementos and certificates for prize winners and participants.
(ix) To arrange and plan lodging and boarding of players and officials.
(x) To plan out transportation for teams.
2, During-Tournament responsibilities : The success of tournament depends upon whether the
tournament is going on as per schedule. The responsibilities during the tournament include:
(i) To check the arrangements for inaugural ceremony.
(if) The regular check of arrangements of tournaments.
(iif) To check the eligibility of teams in general and athletes in particular.
(iv) To make sure that tournament is running as per schedule.
(v) To supervise the officiating staff for the smooth conduct of tournament.
(vi) To prepare the record of score sheet etc.
(vil) To arrange for the refreshments for officials and players.
(vii) To make the announcements and progress of the tournament,
(ix) To provide first aid in case of any injury.
(x) To provide daily progress of tournament to media.
3. Post-Tournament responsibilities : These are the last responsibilities of tournament. They include :
(). Check out of the teams, their security refund (if any).
(i) Arrangement of prize distribution function to present medals and trophies to winning teams.
soncerned teams.
ting of officials of various teams for
(iif) To make press note and send it to the media.
(iv) To collect the records and file up and save in the final report and submit it to the authorities.
(v) Tomake the due payments of the people concerned,
(vi) To make the exact report of finances.
TOURNAMENT
Tournament is a series of games or matches played
among players or teams to determine the winner. A
tournament is a competition between various teams
playing a particular game according to a fixed sched-
ule in which a team finally wins and rest of the par-
ticipating teams lose the matches. Tournaments can
be organised at zonal, district, state, national & inter-
national levels. Olympic Games, Fifa World Cups,
Cricket World Cups, IPL, Pro Kabaddi League etc. are
few examples of different tournaments. There are
different types of tournaments based on duration, cost, manpower, level, Interest etc.
Mea eaucat TERS ed IMPORTANCE OF TOURNAMENTS
Tournaments play a very important role in the field of sports. Players participate in tournaments with a
great zeal and zest. The tournaments are not only significant to the players but also to the coaches and
physical education teachers. The importance of tournaments is described below.
1. Development of Sports Skills : By participating in tournaments various skills of sports are developed.
The participation in tournaments not only develops technical skills of the sports but tactical skills
also. Players acquire efficiency in skills and thus, they show improvement in the game.
2. Help in popularisation of Sports : Tournaments are helpful in publicising the sports. When a
tournament of a new sport is organised, the spectators come to know about that sport. Thus, it
creates interest in that sport.
3. Helpful in Selection of Good Players : Good players can be selected easily by observing thelr
performance in the tournament. Those players, who present good performance, can be selected
for upper level tournaments. So, a tournament is the right way to select a good team of players.
4. Development of Unity and Peace : Sports tournaments help in developing national integration as
well as international unity and brotherhood. Tournament is one of the best means of enhancing
international peace and unity.
5. Development of Social Qualities : Social qualities like tolerance, sympathy, cooperation,
brotherhood and discipline, etc. are developed among participants through sports tournaments.
6. Source of Recreation : Sports tournaments provide ample recreation to the spectators. For getting
recreation, they do not hesitate to spend money. That is why, a large number of people go to
watch the Olympic games and World cups of various games and sports. So, tournament is a good
source of recreation.
7. Development of Ethical values : Sports tournaments help in the development of ethical values in
the sportspersons like honesty, fair play, respect for others etc.
TYPES OF TOURNAMENT
There are various types of tournament formats based on advancement or elimination criteria of
players or teams.
1 2 3 4
Knock-out League or Combination ) “Challenge
joretoiwatiog Round tournaments, _ tournaments
ona Rony sae Sones
o 1
Knock-out or Single Elimination Tournament 2
League or Round Robin Tournaments
Various types of tournaments are : :
1. Knock-out tournament : In this type of tournament, a team once defeated gets eliminated, Only the
winners continue in the competition. It is a fast method to know about the winner team in the
tournament. For example, if 4 teams are participating in the tournament, then winner is declared |
in the following way
Dara
In Ist round, Team A plays with Team B and Team C plays with Team D. Team A and D win their
respective matches and play against each other in round 2. Team A wins the match and is
declared as winner.
Types of knock-out tournaments
(i) Single knock-out tournament : In this tournament, every team losing once is eliminated. No
second chance is given. Number of matches to be played is calculated using n-1 i.e (Number of
teams-1). Good team once lost cannot make a come back. It is less expensive
EAC sic aucatig KY Xe (ii) Consolation Tournament : It provides a chance to the defeated teams to play again and show
their skill performance and win subsidiary honours. We know the fact that in single knock out
tournament a good team may get itself eliminated by chance or by other reason it does not
have another chance to show its real worth therefore consolation tournaments are suggested.
Type | : In this type of tournament all the teams that were defeated in the first match play
among themselves in the consolation tournament.
Type Il: In this type of tournament every loser of the regular round is given opportunity to
play in the consolation round to win the subsidiary honour.
(iii) Double knock-out tournament ; This tournament is an extension of the consolation tournament
type lind i.e the winner of the regular tournament will have to play with consolation winner to
decide the true winner.
Every team losing twice except the winner is eliminated. Every losing team gets a second chance.
Number of matches = 2(n—1). Good team once lost can make a come back. It is expensive.
Advantages of Knock—out tournament :
(i) These are less expensive and can be finished in less time.
(i) Standard of game improves as every team has to perform at the highest
level to remain in the competition.
(ii) Less officiating staff is needed.
Disadvantages of Knock-out tournament
(i) A good team can get eliminated in the earlier rounds if it gets defeated giving chance to a
weaker team.
(ii) Fear of defeat makes even a good team feel psychologically depressed.
(iif) Interest in tournament is lost when some times good teams are eliminated.
2. League or Round Robin tournament : League tournament is also called round robin tournament.
In League or Round Robin Tournament, a player or team will play fixed number of matches that
are allotted before the start of the tournament. In league tournament all the teams are treated
at par. One team has to play with all other teams irrespective of victory or defeat. It can be called
the best type of tournament because it provides every team with the opportunity to show its
best performance. It is also called as ‘Berger system’ after Mr. Johann Berger, who first thought
about the idea of league tournament. ;
Types of league tournaments
(i) Single league tournament : In this type of tournament every team plays with every other team
a(n-1)
once. The total number of matches is determined by using the formula , Seemed ‘nN
refers to the total number of teams.
Example : If 8 teams are taking part, then total number of matches to be played
n(n-1)_ 8(8-1)_8(7)_56
De eget
(i) Double league tournament : In double league tournament every team plays
with every other team twice. The number of matches is determined by using the formula
n(n-1), where ‘n’ refers to the total number of teams.
CRT eet cducsont == EM
28 Example : If 9 teams are taking part in a double league tournam
ent, then total number 9
matches to be played :
Advantages of League or Round Robin Tournament :
(i
(ii)
(ii)
(iv)
(vy)
(vi)
(vii)
n(n 1) = 9(9- 1) = 9(8) = 72
cause one team has to face all other teams,
i am as winner be
It decides the real strong te Sor eRe tt te ver.
case one team loses by chance that team get:
Greater number of matches are played by the teams.
Every team gets the rank according to its ability. ,
The teams need not wait to know the winner of the round for playing 2 match as in knog,
out tournament. : He Reale
Every team gets the equal chance to show their capability because they have to play with
all other teams. ‘ sate
Numerous chances are available for players to improve their pe
Audiences get a good chance to watch many matches.
ance.
Disadvantages of League or Round Robin Tournament :
w
tii)
(ii)
(iv)
(v)
The tournament requires lot of time to finish and to know the winner.
More resources required.
In this method good teams cannot be seeded or can be given any advantage.
It costs more.
It requires more arrangement for sport officials and teams.
3. Combination tournament : Combination tournaments are conducted when there are large number
of teams. These teams are arranged into groups and zones. The winner teams of the groups or
zones play together to determine the final winner. For example, in case of national level competition,
it becomes difficult for all the state teams to reach at one place for tournament. To avoid such type
of difficulty, zones can be made and a tournament can be organised at a central place in each zone,
After
that, winner of each zone can participate at national level. Depending upon the number of
teams in each zone and the availability of time, the tournament can be organised on the basis of
knock-out or league and after that at national level the tournament can also be conducted either
on knock-out or league basis.
Types of Combin:
in tournaments
()) Knock-out cum Knock-out : In this type of tournament the total number of teams are divided
in different zones. First of all, the teams of each zone play on knock-out basis. In this way, @
team becomes the winner from each zone. All the winner teams again play their matches on
knock-out basis. The team that wins in the final becomes the winner of inter zonal tournament.
Example. Zonal Tournament on knock-out basis
—1 3
2 2
Zone A L 3 . Winner — Zone A Zone B 3 Winner - Zone B
el ee
reel ris
Zonec} 3 Winner-Zone¢ Zone D 5 Winner ~ Zone D
Lo4 (are eat
TCs hysicat eaten cE EK ele Inter Zonal Tournament on Knock-out basis
Winner— Zone A
Winner— Zone B —
—Winner
Winner— Zone C
Winner— Zone D _}
(a aor a Les : " this type of tournament total number of teams are divided in different
aa ims play their matches in their respective zones on league basis. One team
Rees yecomes the zonal winner. It is called zonal or group tournament. After that all
" winner teams again play the matches on league basis and one team becomes the
winner of inter zonal or group tournament.
Example. Group or Zonal Tournament—On league basis
[1-2 = fi—2 a
Zone A | 1—3 2-3 Winner-Zone A Zone B | 1—3 2—3 Winner-Zone B
1-4 2-4 3-4 1-4 2-4 3-4
1-2 1-2
Zone C | 1-3 2-3 Winner-zone C Zone D | 1—3 2-3 Winner-Zone D
1-4 2-4 3-4 1-4 2-4 3-4
Inter Group or Zonal Tournament on League Basis
[a—B
A-C B-C —Winner
A-—D B—D C—D
(iif) Knock-out cum League : All the teams are divided in different zones. First of all, the teams play
their matches in their respective zones on knock-out basis and one team becomes the winner
from each zone. After that the winner teams again play their matches on league base and one
team becomes the winner of inter group or zone tournament.
Example. Group or Zonal Tournament on Knock-out basis
Zone A Winner - Zone A Zone B Winner - Zone B
aune
|
aun
|
Zone C Winner - Zone C Zone D ‘Winner-Zone D
Pune
Rune Inter Group or Zonal Tournament on League Basis
A-B
A-C B-C —Wwinner
A-p B—D c—D
(iv) League cum Knockout Tournament : All the teams are divided into different zones. jt 4
‘teams play their matches in their respective zones on league basis. One team from each 20
or group becomes the winner. nal tournament. After that the winner teams py i!
Nee becomes the winner of ir
7 x ti
their matches on knock-out basis ‘and one team be fet of inter group or zona)
tournament.
Example. Group or Zonal Tournament
et 1-2
Zone A 1-3 2-3 Winner-Zone A Zone B| 1-3 2—3 Winner-Zone g
1-4 2-4 3-4 1-4 2-4 3—
‘on League Basis
1-2 1-2
Zonec | 1-3 2-3 Mvinnerzonac zone D | 1-3) 2-3 Winaraen
1-4 2-4 3-4 1—4 2—4 3-4
Inter Group or Zonal Tournament on Knock-out Basis
Winner—A
Winner—B
—Winner
Winner—C
Winner—D.
Fixtures are the schedules fixed for the matches to be played, their time, place, court or ground
number and date etc. It is a detailed programme made by the organisers before few days or on the
same day of the competition. Fixture or tie or heat include multiple and progressive matches. In
athletics and swimming the term Heats is used, in Tennis, badminton and other games, we frequently
use the terms Ties or Fixtures. There are many types of fixtures that are fixed according to time,
grounds, equipment, officials, facilities and teams participating etc.
Bye:
Bye is the advantage given to a team usually by drawing a lot, exempting the team from playing 2
match in the 1st round. ina tournament, bye is generally assigned to teams by the organizing committee
not to play a round due to one of the several reasons :
, eRe cc tournament (In knock out tournament, number of teams equals to
6, 8, 16, 32, 64, ....] and in League tournament, if there is an odd number of teams.
hcl educa EEK STS = Separste posting of previous winners in same group to create even competition,
‘eS one team from playing more matches on a single day than the other, so creating disadvantage
The number of byes are decided by subtracting the number of teams from the next higher THOSE
—_— For example, if 12 teams have entered for a tournament, the next higher
number above 12 which is power of two is 16(2*). So the number of Byes to be given are 16-12= 4.
Seeding 2 team : Generally in a knock-out tournament, the fixture is drawn by lots. If the draw is
purely on the basis of lots without thinking about the standard of the teams, it is likely that two strong
teams can meet with each other in earlier rounds and get eliminated. So the weak teams get chance
to reach to quarter final or semifinal stages. To avoid this defect the strong teams are seeded. Seeding
is the process of sorting the teams and fitting them in the fixtures so that the stronger teams do not
meet each other in earlier rounds. This procedure is generally implemented to reduce the chance of
elimination of good teams at an early stage.
Method of Seeding : If two teams are to be seeded then winner of the previous tournament will be
placed at the bottom of lower half and the second team on the top of upper half. If 4 teams are to
be seeded then first and second will be on same places as mentioned above, and 3rd team of the
previous tournament will be placed on the top of lower half and 4th team on the bottom place in
upper half,
PROCEDURE TO DRAW FIXTURES IN KNOCK-OUT TOURNAMENT
Following rules should be kept in mind while drawing the fixtures for knock out tournaments :
() Total number of teams participating in the tournament.
(i Total number of matches to be played in the tournament.
Formula for calculating, number of matches = n — 1, where n is the total number of teams
participating in the tournament.
Example : Number of teams participating = 11
Therefore, total number of matches that will be played in the tournament = 11—1= 10
(ii Total number of rounds played in the tournament depends upon two things :
(a) The number of teams playing in the tournament.
(b) The higher nearest number from the total number of teams in power of 2.
Example : To determine the number of rounds for 11 participants/teams, we first calculate the
higher nearest number from 11 to the power of 2. So, 2 must be raised to the 4th power
(2x2x2x2). Therefore, there would be 4 rounds.
(iv) Method of determining the number of teams in upper half and lower half.
(a) If the number of teams is even then equal number of teams will be divided in both
n
halves i.e. > where nis the total number of teams.
(b) if the number of teams is odd then following procedure is applied
n+1
Number of teams in upper half = ZT where n = number of teams.
n-1
Number of teams in lower half = —>—, where n = number of teams.
(c) Lots are drawn.
oe 6a ————— ee =| le (v) The number of byes in a knock-out tournament are decided by subtracting total umber g
teams from the next higher nearest number in power of 2.
Example : 1. Total number of teams = 11
Next higher nearest number in power of 2 = 16 (i.e. 24) |
Thus number of byes = 16-11=5
1, Total number of teams = 20 !
Next higher nearest number in power of2 = 32 (i.e. 25)
Thus number of byes = 32—20=12
(vl) Method of determining number of byes to be given in upper and lower half
(a) If number of teams are even then number of byes in each half (i.e. Upper and ;
b
= where nb = number of byes |
nb
(b) if number of teams are odd then number of byes in upper half and in lower halt
nb+1
= , where nb = number of byes.
If the number of teams in a tournament is equal to the power of 2 then no bye is given. For e.g. if 16
teams have entered for a tournament, there will be no byes i.e. 16 —16 = 0.
How to place Byes in Even number of Teams
Ist Bye © — Bottom of the lower half
lind Bye +— Top of the upper half
llird Bye — Top of the bottom half
IVth Bye — Bottom of the upper half .
This process continues in case the number of byes is more than four. How to place byes in odd number of teams
If there are 11 teams taking part in the tournament, byes are given in the following ways. i.e.
Number of competing teams is 11. The next higher number above 11 which is power of two is 16 (2*).
Number of Byes = 16-11=5
How to divide the byes :
n= Number of Teams and nb represents number of byes.
nb 1.4
In upper half, number of byes = —-— =—-—- =
2p
nb+1_5+1_6
2, 2
Thus, 2 byes will be given in upper half and 3 byes in lower half.
«> a> aD cD
1 A Bye
A
In lower half, number of byes =
FINAL
Oe 4 ao
K
11, K Pe oe
Example ; Draw a Single Knock-out Fixture For 11 Teams.
Seeding Teams A, B, C, D and!
Total number of teams =11
n+1_114+1_ 12
Number of teams in upper half = Teves ee Number of teams in lower half = 7 2 2
Total number of byes =(2)*—11=16-11=5
nb-1_ 5-1 4
Number of byes in upper half = —>
nb+1_5+1_6
Number of byes in ower half = —S—=—>—-=5=3
Number of rounds = Higher nearest number from 11 to the power of 2
is 16 or (2)*. As power of 2is 4
-. No. of rounds =4
Number of matches =n-1=11-1=10
SPECIAL SEEDING
Special seeding is a privilege given to outstanding players to straight away compete in quarter-finals oF
semi-finals.
Example : If 20 players are participating in a Lawn Tennis Tournament on knock-out basis, and
four players are to be kept in special seeding, draw their fixtures.
ER __C=s Phos eet UX eas Seeded-Q-Final e——
1
2.
3.
4.
Ss
6,
7
8.
9,
10. Seeded-Q-Final
11. Seeded-Q-Final e——
12.
i
Meg
15.e—_
{ 16°]
: 17.2—_"—]
iB Bed
- 19.
20. Seeded-Q-Final e——~
Number of teams in each Quarter :
If the number of teams is less, the teams are divided into upper half and lower half only. But, if the
number of teams is more, teams are divided into upper and lower halves and these halves are further
divided into two parts. It means that the upper half has two quarters, i.e., | quarter and Il quarter and the
lower half has Ill quarter and IV quarter. For determining the number of teams in each quarter, the total
number of teams is divided by 4. If the remainder remains zero, there will be 4 quarters with equal
‘number of teams. If the remainder remains 1, the first quarter with comprise 1 extra team, whereas, the
remaining quarters will have equal number of teams. If the remainder remains 2, then each quarter (I
and II!) will have 1 extra team and the II and IV quarters will comprise the same number of teams. If the
remainder remains 3, each quarter (I, I! and III) will have 1 extra team. This Procedure can be easily
understood with the help of the following table. Number of Teams in each Quarter :
pee a cull OS LUC
(N= No. of Teams, Q= Quotient)
Fixture for 19 teams :
Number of teams = 19
Number of matches =n-1=19-1=18
Number of rounds = Nearest Next power of 2 to 19
= (2)
As power of 2 is 5
No. of rounds =5
Number of teams in each quarter =n /4=19/4
Quotient = 4,
Remainder = 3
Number of teams in quarter 1 =4+1=5
Number of teams in quarter 2 =4+1=5
Number of teams in quarter 3 =4+1=5
Number of teams in quarter 4 =4
Total Number of byes, nb = Next power of 2— Number of teams
= (2)5-19 = 32-19 = 13
nb-1 -
Number of byes in upper half = mat Bot 2s
Number of byes in 1st quarter =3
Number of byes in 2nd quarter = 3
Number of byes in lower half = me i. = 1 ee S- yi => 7
Number of byes in 3rd quarter = 3
Number of byes in 4th quarter = 4
lr™—~—.UC“=*FETPDNC...UuUOCTET™WDWDWDWDLUw,WGD PROCEDURE TO DRAW FIXTURES IN CONSOLATION TOURNAMENT
Type of Consolation : It is of two types.
(f) Consolation tournament Type |.
(i) Consolation tournament Type Il.
() Consolation tournament Type 1: In this type of tournament all the teams that were defeated
in the first round of regular single elimination tournament and the teams that got byes in the
first round but were defeated in second round will play among themselves in consolation
tournament for subsidiary honour.
If byes have to be given in consolation tournament, it shall be given by lots and preferably to
the team that have not enjoyed the byes in regular rounds.
Example: Number of teams in type | consolation Is = 13
Number of teams in upper half =7
Lower half =6
Rac ctucaont = MEM Number of Byes = 16-13 =3
Number of Byes in Upper half = 1
Lower half = 2
Regular Rounds
CIID eID ED GID
Beg Bye): Less
2, ————_|
3e———
3. oI 6
ee
11.e——_ ee
IInd Position
123. ‘Bye
Consolation Round
Lea
2a z
Ae i
=e
3
1 é
1a ae a
130
(Illrd position)
ire
13 a fe i
i |
(i) Consolation Tournament Type I
In this type of tournament every loser of regular round will have an opportunity to play in the
consolation round to win the subsidiary honours. The arrangement of the teams should
such that teams that met in regular rounds do not meet in early rounds of the consolation. Example :
Fixture for 8 Teams ; {it is power of two so byes are not given)
«~@ «ep
Le—-—_
2e¢——_
2.e—_]
4o———
Sees
4 e—_ 8
4,.e—__|
5.e——__
ee 15t place
6,e—___|
8 eo
7.¢e——_
8 e—__
8, e—___J
Loser of Respective Rounds :
'* Round Wound lr Round
1 2 4
3 6
5
7
So, Consolation round type-ll will be.
1e 3¢
3. © *6 e a
5 .
aS 3 : tee eS paten Wore)
ie
(IF position)
* Loser of 2 Round
+ Loser of 3% Round
LEAGUE OR ROUND ROBIN TOURNAMENT
Methods for drawing fixtures in league tournament are as follows : (i) Staircase method (ii) Cyclic
method (ii/) Tabular method
(i) Staircase method : In this method the fixtures are drawn in staircase form. In this method no
bye is given to any team and there is no problem of even or odd number of teams. The
- number of rounds in case of even number of teams will be n— 1, where n = number of teams.
The number of rounds in case of odd number of teams will be n, where n = number of teams,
OPA il oirticst education scr neo. jo E E os
:xample : |f 8 teams are playing, the fixture is drawn in following method :
TOU OND TECNe Sea
2
8(8—1)_ 8x7
2 2
(ii) Cyclic method : tn cyclic method if the number of teams is even then the team nump
er A
fixed on the top of right hand side
and then upward on the left side
then bye is fixed on top right side and the rest
in case of even number of teams will be n —
rounds in case of odd number of teams will ben,
If total number of teams =6
and other teams in ascending order consecutively dow, '
and rotate them clockwise. If the number of tae,
procedure remains same. The number of
1, where n = number of teams. The nunbe
where n = number of teams. q
Example (a)
-1)_ 6(6-1
Total number of matches = ist, = eee)
2 2
2 8@)= 20215
2 2
Number of rounds =n-1=6-1=5
Fixture of 6 teams
Example (b) {f total number of teams =5
é n=1)_5{5-1) _ 5x4_ 20
Total number of matches = lest eobad) = =—=10
i 2 2 2
Total number of rounds =n=5
Fixtures
d
ethod : In this method, the fixtures are drawn In a tabular form. The numbe®
be drawn horizontally as well as vertically are:
number of teams, N+1 columns
ber of teams, N+2 columns —
(iif) Tabular me
_ columns to
~ (a) For even
(b) For odd num Procedure for entering the numbers inside the squares indicating the rounds :
(i) Draw a diagonal line from upper left corner to lower right corner.
(i) The boxes from which the diagonal line passes through, will be left blank. The numbers will be
+ written in the boxes above the diagonal line.
(il) Write the names of the teams in the first row and first column. In case of odd number of teams,
Bye is written in the last row and last column.
(iv) In the squares of the row immediately below the team names, enter tl
the numbers serially from.
no. 1 onwards. This represents the no. of rounds.
(v) Now, in each column except the last one, enter the numbers serially starting from the number
next to that round at the teams.
(vi) Note the no. entered in the second row of the last column. In the next square, enter 2. Then
precede entering numbers in the other squares every time adding 2, i.e., 4, 6, etc., until the
number becomes 1 less than the number at the top-most square.
(vii) After this, enter numbers 1, 3, 5,
up.
(viii) The number in the bottom-most square will be 2 less than the number of the top-most square.
Example : If 7 teams are playing in a league tournament then fixture using tabular
form can be drawn as follows :
Number of teams =7
etc., i.e., by 2 every time until the bottom-most square is filled
n(n=1)
Number of matches = 2
Number of columns or squares =n+2 =7+2 =9
Number of rounds =7
ES
Weed
PAT cai)
eth
EITC sd
Sa ena) |
Carte MET cag ty
eee)
ETC cet ed
A-F, B-E, C-D
Cnt eet
en een
Pe cat cy
pee
METHOD OF DECIDING THE WINNER IN A LEAGUE TOURNAMENT
he team which gets maximum points in the tournament, Is declared the winner. The follot
Y
ent, lare ni e following way is
Winner of the match gets 2 points
COIR 27 bin cicalicaucaticn=x11 nee am 1 point
Draw gets 2 5 a
itch gets _ ; ; ;
Loser of the match g their match is held again. But if their match ends in a dra 4
number of matches is declared as the winner. If the 4, he
m number of goals is declared as the winner. If the te Sty
is in, the winner j
is i these teams. If there is a draw again, Ges
i ‘tch is played again between : =
Sates instars this, there are some other methods which US used to declare the Wing (
1. British Method : In this method, the total points obtained are divided by the total possible Poi
. Britis! : ,
for example, if a team has played 10 matches in a tournament and won 6 matches, loses 2: andy
remain draw, the percentage of points will be :
Total points = 12+2 = 14
If top two teams have equal points,
team which had won the maximum nt
remains, the team that had scored maximu
Possible points = 20
Total points obtained
of points. = x 100
Soak anit Total possible points
= 4 x100
20
Percentage of points = 70
2. American Method : In this method, the number of matches won are divided by the total numb.
of matches played. If a team plays 10 games and wins 5 games in a tournament, then
Matches won
POICENtAR Gai
Matches played
5)
- Its percentage will be = Anas =50
In this way the percentage of other teams is calculated. In this method, tie is not counted.
MEANING OF INTRAMURALS
fis y i
me foe Page tre is derived from a Latin word ‘intra’ which means ‘within’ and ‘muralis’ which
activities with FA intramural means ‘Within the Walls’. It can be said, that intramurals are the
mass partici oe the walls or within the campus or institution. The main aim of the intramural is the
eee ae rece ee are organized only for the students of a school or institution. N?
articipate in these activities, it i ee
fans oa es. pudenits get maximum educational ben
Intramural activities provid
can be indoor or outdoor,
enjoyment which Participant
Fecreational programmes.
bo Ee
e the enjoyment through physical education or activities. These actvtis
snr games or Major games. These activities provide satisfaction a
get through their experiences in these competitive sports and in physi@ HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF INTRAMURALS
eae een Many years back in United States
a (t ‘otivate the students to take i
art
sports cole By the passage of time, intramurals teasing
Sree = Rena the world. The benefits of intramural
a east an very student of the institution in order to
ad e aim of education and these competitions help in
‘All round development of the child.”
ACTIVITIES FOR INTRAMURAL COMPETITION
ite c Scie in intramural competitions. The activities for intramurals should be
ea lly. Mainly, the selection of ac s should be based on two factors i.e., interests of
availability of facilities in the institution. All the intramural activities must provide recreation
to the students. These activities should aid in achieving the goals of education and contribute to general
development of the students. Hence, the selection should be made out of the following categories of
activities : Z
1. Major Games like Volleyball, Hockey, Cricket, Basketball, Kabaddi, Swimming, Athletics, Wrestling,
Lawn tennis, Football, Badminton, etc.
2. Minor Games like Kho-Kho, Circle games, Tag game, Potato Race, Sack Race, Three-Legged Race, etc.
3. Rhythmics like Marching, Folk dance, Group dance, Solo dance, Mass PT, Rhythmic gymnastic, etc.
4. Creative Activities like Painting, Drawing, Making models etc.
5. Combative Activities like Boxing, Judo, Taekwondo, Karate, etc.
OBJECTIVES / ADVANTAGES / SIGNIFICANCE OF INTRAMURALS
There are various objectives/advantages/significance of intramurals which are described below :
4. Selection for extramural : Intramural tournaments provide an opportunity to select talented
players or team to participate in extramural tournaments. Those players who show skill and
fitness in these events can be selected for extramurals.
2. Group cohesion : Intramurals allow students from different classes and houses to work together
as a team, promoting cooperation and coordination. Students from different background, and
‘communities come together as a group and gain self-confidence, develop social relations, tolerance
-in culture etc. ie
3. Professional experience : Intramurals provide an opportunity for students to assist in organising
and managing the tournament, allowing them to gain experience in officiating and event
management. This experience can be valuable in both personal and professional aspects, as it
helps to develop skills such as leadership, communication and organisation. By participating in
intramurals, students can develop valuable skills that can benefit them in the future.
4. Health ; Intramurals promote a healthy and active lifestyle for children, who enjoy participating
in sports events to showcase their skills. This helps them stay fit and healthy while contributing
to their physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing. By participating in intramurals, children
can improve their overall health and wellness and have fun while doing it.
5. Mass Participation : The major objective of Intramurals is that every student should take part in the
games. Generally, few students are able to participate at zonal level or district level games and
sports. Mass participation is not possible at higher level tournaments, but intramurals provide ample
‘opportunities to each and every student to take part in games and sports of his or her choice.
SE ee | . yitie helpful in developing leadership
5. Development of leadership qualities : Intramural co ees effectively develop leadert
the students who participate in these activities. pace and then executing your skills in a yg.
aualities through sports. Spending time ears ve leadership qualities in oneself,
game against a committed opposition helps buy Tearn sportsmanship. They can learn hoy
7. Develop sportsmanship: Towdh sor tng completely detested. TOUGH sPOrts, children
with losses rather -
cretetand thet eometines it's okay if they lose. The important part 5 to Ca Seu nul air,
They learn that there’s no harm in being competitive, but if they lose, they Boog
sportsmanship and accept defeat. .
8. pane of Social Skills ; Intramurals develop social skills among students. pee : SPOTt help,
children develop social skills which would benefit them even when they grow older. Playing spon,
teaches them about teamwork and cooperating with others. They learn to interact with people from
different ages. Also, joining a sports team helps give children a sense of belonging and gives thema,
opportunity to make friends. With more friendship circles it would help improve their communicatig,,
skills, which will help them in their future careers and relationships.
Developing Self-Esteem : Taking part in a sport at school level can help in the development o
child’s self-esteem and confidence. Gestures such as a high-five from a teammate, a pat on the back,
or a handshake, when a match is over, helps build confidence. Also, words of praise or of
encouragement from the coach or players help build self-esteem. This also helps them learn to trust
their own abilities and push themselves in their pursuits.
Recreation : Participating in intramurals are a healthy means of recreation for students. Intramural
activities provide recreation to the students which help in refreshing them. They get a lot of fun and
enjoy themselves by participating in various activities. Intramurals help in creating an atmosphere of
excitement and provide a good opportunity to bring everyone together.
. Help in learning a variety of games and skills : Intramural activities Provide additional opportunity
for students to learn new games which they might not have been previously aware of. The students
become efficient in various games by learning their skills and rules etc. They learn about various new
skills and work on them to improve themselves.
12. Experience of devising strategies and organisational skills : Sport gives its players ample opportunities.
to devise game plans and smart strategies to help them win. They systematically analyse their
Opponents’ game and carry out careful research on their strengths and weaknesses. Game plans are
made before every match depending on whom they are playing against. While organising intramural
competitions, students are directly or indirectly involved in these competitions which give them
idea about organisational skills.
Help to find talent : Intramural competitions provide a platform to students to showcase their talents.
These kinds of competitions help in finding out the hidden talent of sports persons and help in
catching them young. Exceptional players get noticed during these events and they might get the
chance to play at higher levels.
MEANING OF EXTRAMURALS
1
»
Extramural word is a Latin word ‘Extra’ and ‘Muralis’ means outside the walls. In other words, these
activities are played outside the walls of the institution or school college. Extramurals are the Inter
school/college competitions. Such competitions Bive the opportunity to the players and athletes of various
schools/colleges to show their skills/talent and bring honour to the institutions they represent. When 2
team of a school or college is selected after the Intramurals, and it Participates in Inter school/colleg?
tournaments, that is called Extramurals. Extramurals can be of so many types e.g.
EC yscat auc OE LITT Friend| Fri
( Friendly Matches : Friendly matches can be arranged, so that both the participating teams get
5s the practice and know their weaknesses before playing real tournament.
Ww ie School/College Matches : These tournaments are inter-institutional mat
: \e city schools, District or Inter District tournaments or Inter universities tournaments.
(iii) eee cE Raa : Extramurals can be state, zonal or national competitions in various games
OBJECTIVES/ADVANTAGES/SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRAMURALS
There are various objectives of extramurals which are described below :
1. Progression in performance ; Extramural Tournament helps to lift the level of performance
through the athletes and sportspersons gaining experience, learning to prepare tactics and
strategies, developing fitness, psychological preparation etc. Extramural activities provide
opportunity for students to learn new skills which they might not have been previously aware
of. The students become efficient in their game by learning advanced skills and strategies
when they face tougher opponents.
2. Psychological factors : Extramural-events help to ba
confidence, self-esteem, emotions, and promote qualities
students.
3. Level of fitness : Participating in highe!
physical and mental strength as their
higher levels and succeed in challenging c
4. Socialization : Extramurals develop social
ches. These may
lance psychological factors like stress,
slike leadership, team building, in
rnaments improves an individual's
r level extramural tout
m to compete at
fitness level increases. This allows the
ompetitions.
| skills among students. Students from different
bockgrounds come together to play against each other. They learn to interact with people
from different ages. It gives them an opportunity to make new friends. With more friendship
chcles it would help improve their communication skills, increase harmony and unity among
students.
dents to get introduced in the world of
5. Provide experience to students : Extramurals help stu:
competitive sports. By participating in extramurals, students get experience to face pressure
and gain ability to deal with challenges. They train harder when they. face more skilled opponents.
They become more mentally and physically prepared for further competitions. By continuous
participation in such tournaments, students display good performance.
6. Develop sportsmanship : Competitions tend to develop the traits of sportsmanship in students.
By participating In ‘extramurals, they get the experience to play with tougher opponents. Through
these competitions, they can learn how to accept and manage defeats. Students can understand
that it’s okay if they lose, but the important part Is to get back up and try again. They learn that
there’s no harm in being competitive, but if they lose, they should show good sportsmanship
and accept defeat.
7. Broaden the base of sports = If a country wants to produce great sports persons, then there
heeds to be a policy in place where children can be nurtured from a very young age. Extramural
competitions provide a stage to students to display their talents. Many students from various
schools participate in ‘extramurals which broadens the base of sports. These kinds of ‘competitions
help in finding out the hidden talent of sports persons and help in catching them young.
Exceptional players get noticed during these events and they might get the chance to play at
national and international levels, EANING OF COMMUNITY SPORTS fina a
a Ho rts refer to sports activities that are organised and played within a specific communis
oon ee arhood, town or city. These activites are often organised by community centres.
such asa neig! ayaa na are open to people of all ages and abilities. The goal of community Spon
Lae i teraction and community involvement. Examples of communiy
i ivi ‘al in
to promote physical activity, social in
sports include recreational leagues, pickup games and fitness classes.
PURPOSE
Sport is a central part of our personal and social lives.
These benefits multiply when you train with other
people. Community sports are organised physical
activities that are based in community, school and local
sport organisations. An entire community benefits from
sport participation. From players to family to volunteers,
sport brings people together.
Community sport allows new friendships to form and
builds a sense of belonging and pride. The confidence
that is built from playing sport helps foster important
life skills which benefits individuals through to adulthood. Not only do people who play perform better
academically, it improves our overall mental health and wellbeing in every aspect of life.
Involvement in community activities in non-segregated spaces helps people to learn new skills or brush-
up their hobbies. It also helps people to build and improve their confidence. Community participation
Paves the way for self-development and contribution.
BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY SPORT
1. Improving Physical Health : We all know that keeping our physical health in top shape is one of the.
best things we can do for our overall health. Even activities such as going for a brisk walk and other
moderately aerobic activities are deemed fairly safe and effective for most people.
2, Developing a sense of belonging : The feeling of belonging can have a huge impact on our physical
and mental health. In fact, being a part of a group that accepts and appreciates us can make all the
difference in terms of our self-esteem, personal development and stress management. Sport can
help us connect with others in a group setting as we work together toward common objectives,
which can lead to a strong sense of belonging for everyone in the group.
3. Enjoy a wealth of knowledge and expertise : Joining a sports community means surrounding
‘ourselves with a new network for shared knowledge, tips and advice. When starting a new sport, it
can be reassuring to be surrounded by other beginners and to have someone more experienced to
guide you. After playing a sport for years, it can be incredibly rewarding to give back to the
community by sharing our experience and teaching others.
4, Saetint people with same interests ; Being part of a sports community can be a great way to
people who share the same interests as you, For example, in a i
ee cas si le » Broup class environment,
e ys at least one thing that just about everyone has in common, t
strike up a conversation with the people around us, daaupare use that ©
EEE a 5, Reducing Anti-Social behaviour : Community sports play a large role in reducing crime rates. A
combination of risk factors, including boredom and a lack of supervision, can lead to anti-social
behaviour. Community sports programs are a great way to provide a positive, healthy outlet oe
suppressed negative emotions. Being on a team also reduces antisocial behaviour. It's an atmosphere
full of role models and encouragement to help them continue down the path of 2 positive lifestyle.
Increasing bonding in community : Community sports is a great way to introduce mentorship into
a child’s life. These relationships are not only beneficial to tht
Local sports can bring a community together, increasing meanin
This extends from the child athletes to include their parents. Attending a game is a
for many parents to connect and catch-up, further bonding the community.
. Learning to overcome challenges : The many
benefits of community sports extend beyond the
field. People learn to make quick decisions while
playing sports and work as a team. The
disappointment of loss is also learned through
sport participation, This can be tough for many to
face but is eventually inevitable. They gain the
ability to be a gracious loser and see how it’s
possible to learn from these situations.
8. Social benefits : Community sports create a sense
of community by bringing people together from : rai’
diverse backgrounds and ages. It provides a platform for social interaction, fostering relationships
and developing teamwork and leadership skills. Sports activities also promote cultural diversity
and encourage individuals to appreciate and respect each other's differences.
9. Psychological benefits : Community sports can havea positive impact on mental health by reducing
stress, anxiety and depression. It promotes self-esteem, confidence anda sense of accomplishment.
Participating in sports activities can also develop goal-setting skills, resilience and problem-solving
skills.
10. Economic benefits : Regular community sports programs can help reduce the burden on health
budgets and promote the optimal use of resources. Healthy individuals in a community not only
reduce medical bills but also increase productivity for the nation. Even economically weaker sections
can benefit from participating in such sports community programs. It also creates employment
opportunities for coaches, referees and event organisers.
SPORTS DAY
Sports days, sometimes referred to as field days, are events staged by many schools, colleges and offices
in which people take part in various sporting activities. It is an event not only to showcase abilities and
skills of children and youth on the sports field but also a great opportunity for community members to
meet, greet and interact with each other. Schools stage many sports days in which children participate in
the sporting events. In India, National Sports Day is celebrated across the country on 29th August every
year to commemorate the birth anniversary of Indian hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand.
HEALTHRUNS
Health runs are organised by various social organisations, sports departments or health departments to
make people aware about health, In these programmes people are made to know about good health.
Health run does not require any specific preparation. People can run according to their need and capacity.
The main aim of a health run is to make people aware of the importance of fitness. By doing so people
CRT cl cductionnn «=—COs—“i‘<; ;C;COS*é‘COd
>
e mentee but the mentor as well.
\eful connections and social bonds.
meeting place
™ i lar exercise is hel;
are made health conscious so that they can lead ahealthy lifestyle. Regu! pful fOr beg
to enjoy good health.
RUN FOR FUN
The main objective of run for fun is to
make people aware of health ‘and fitness. A run for fun is aft
event that is organised and people run for their enjoyment. It tries to at ane exer,
every day. In this race there may be children, men, women or elderly peop! le. Accordi i 0 their capa,
they may run, jog or walk, it all depends upon their fitness, how fit they are. People run for joy
» 1 I
entertainment. Run for fun not only provides enjoyment but also helps to avoid stress and tensig
Such programmes are organised for the masses so that maximum people can participates Examples
such races are lemon and spoon race, sack race, three-legged race, parent and child race, teacher ang
child race, banana race, road running etc.
RUN FOR SPECIFIC CAUSES
Such events are organised to raise funds for specific causes i.e. aids, cancer, floods, earthquake ete
These events are usually organised by NGOs with the aim to’collect more and more funds to help thy
needy people. For the excitement and enjoyment, people from all walks of life, celebrities from Various
societies and children are invited to take part. Run for charity is very common and famous througho
the world. More and more people take part in such events and help the cause to become a success,
RUN FOR UNITY
These types of events help to generate the feeling of unity. These events are conducted with the theme|
of peace and unity among people of all religions. Run for unity brings people together at one platform
and it creates solidarity and a sense of oneness among people. These races can be organised on district,
state, national and international levels. Such events are organised by various national and international
organisations. The main aim is to unite people by fostering close relationships among them. People from
all walks of life are invited i.e. media, doctors, teachers, students, elderly people, national and international
players or athletes, film stars, big officers and other celebrities for such events. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
10.
11.
12.
13,
14,
There are asic functions of Management.
(a) four (b) five (c) six (a) eight
The basic function of management is : (C.B.S.E.)
(a) Controlling (b) Budgeting (c) Planning (d) Organising
Which of the following is the first step in a sports programme ?
(a) Staffing (b) Budgeting (c) Planning (d) Directing
What is the most important prerequisite for a successful competitive event to happen ?
(a) Publicising the event (b) Appropriate Planning
(c) Coordinating the event (d) None of the above
Planning in sports leads to :
(a) Increase in expenditure (b) Better coordination
(c) Increase in mistakes (d) Increase in last minute pressures
cnonunua i$ @ process of setting objectives and deciding how to accomplish them.
(a) Planning (b) Directing (c) Staffing (d) Organising
e is a process of establishing authority relationships among selected people, work and
workplaces so that the group can work together efficiently.
(a) Planning (b) Directing (c) Staffing (d) Organising
Which of the following can be defined as filling and keeping filled positions in the organisation
structure ?
{a) Planning (b) Directing (c) Staffing (d) Organising
Which managerial function is to encourage subordinates to work effectively and efficiently in both
the short and long-run ?
(a) Planning (b) Directing (c) Staffing (d) Organising
Establishing standards for work performance, measuring performance and comparing it to the set
standards and taking corrective actions is part of :
(a) Planning (b) Directing (c) Controlling (d) Organising
Works like Preparation and maintenance of the ground are done by :
(a) Refreshment committee (b) Ground and equipment committee
(c) Announcement committee (d) Finance committee
What is the main work of Finance committee in the tournament ?
(a) Registration of participants (b) Publicity of the tournament
(c) Prepare budget of the tournament (d) Make transport arrangements
The Committee responsible for liaison with Print media is : (C.B.S.E.)
(a) Technical (b) Logistics (c) Marketing (d) Finance
Pre-tournament tasks are done :
(a) During the tournament (b) Before the tournament
(c) After the tournament (d) After the award ceremony is.
16.
17.
18,
19,
20.
21
22.
23.
24.
25.
29.
After Losi
er losing a match, a team will be eliminated from the surssunsue «
{a) Knockout tournament (b) League tournament
(c) Round Robin tournament (d) None of above
This type of tournament is a fast method to know about the winner team in the tourname,
(a) Knock out tournament (b) Ladder tournament Ms
(c) Combination tournament (d) League tournament
League-Cum-Knock out is part of which tournament ? (Sample Paper
(a) Knock out (b) Round robin —_—_(c) Combination (3) Consolation
Knock-out tournaments are ... .. expensive in comparison to other forms of tournamen
(a) less (b) most (c) More (4) None of the abo.
The other name of League Tournament is :
(a) Round Robin Tournament (b) Combination Tournament
(c) Knock-out Tournament (d) Challenge Tournament
It is a detailed Programme made by the organisers before few days or on the same day oft
competition :
(a) Bye (b) Seeding (c) Fixture (¢) Special Seeding
Sorting of the teams and fitting them in the fixtures so that the stronger teams do not meet each
other in earlier rounds is called :
(a) Fixture (b) Seeding (c) Bye
If there are 15 teams Participating in a knockout tournaments then the number of matches which
will be played are :
(a) 12 (b)14 (c)13 (ee
What is the formula to determine number of matches in League fixture for even number of teams?
(d) Procedure
(C.B.S.E. Sample Paper, 2019)
(a) N+1/2 (b) N-1/2 (c) N(N-1)/2 (d) N(N+1)/2
The second bye is given to the .. ... team of the upper half in a knockout tournament.
(a) third (b) second (c) fourth (d) first
How many byes will be given if 19 teams are participating in a knock-out tournament ?
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15
Tabular method is used for fixtures in :
(a) Knock-out tournament (b) Challenge tournament
(c) League tournament (d) None of these
In Knockout tournament if the total number of teams is even, then number of teams in the upper
half is calculated by :
(a) n+1 (b) n-4 (c) nf2 (d) (n+1)/2
In Knockout tournament if the total number of teams is odd, then number of teams in the lower
half is calculated by :
(a) n#1. (b) n-1 (c) n/2 (d) (n= 1)/2
Seeding is decided on the basis of :
(a) Previous performance (b) Future performance
(c) Current performance _ (d) Bad performance
|. Which of the following is not a benefit of Community Sport?
(b) Meeting people with same interests
(a) Developing a sense of belonging
(d) Improving Physical Health
(c) Increasing anti social behaviour
emma cE ee 31.
32.
33.
34,
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
41.
42,
43,
45.
In planning, definin
; Procedu ;
(a) setting goals euler Si;
fate (bien (C.B.S.E. 2021)
C) formati making a polit
Logisti tion of rules and regulation (a) detinine Cae
; ee ics committee deals with : 1B course of action
'a) Accommodation b) Tr ; (C.B.S.E. 2021)
IPL cricket tournament is ) Transportation _(c) Medical Staff __(d) All of the above
an example of :
{a) Knockout Tournament :
(c) Combination Tour ee ee
‘nament i
Ina knockout tournament, Hel rele deatue roumamets
(C.B.S.E. 2021)
ae if byes are in odd numbers then number of byes in lower halfis calculated
(C.BS.E. 2021)
(e) NB*2 NB-1 NB
2 (b) air (c) wai (d) NB-1
'n.a knockout tournament, if 9 teams are participating then number of byes in upper half will be :
C.8.S,E. 2021)
(a)3 (b)4 (5 (a)2 ‘ :
Ina knockout tournament 4th Bye will be given to: (C.B.S.E. 2021)
{a) Last team of Lower half (b) Last team of Upper half
(c) First team of Upper half (d) First team of Lower half
How many matches will be played in 2 round, if 14 teams are participating in a knockout tournament ?
(C.BS.€. 2021)
(a) 3 (b) 2 (4 (d)6
Choose odd one from the check list of organizing a sports event : (C.B.S.E. 2021)
(a) Accommodation _—_(b) Place ofevent —_(c) Art integration _(d) Sponsorship
If you want to be on the top position in games and sports, you have to adhere to proper sports
planning. The attainment of good performance in the field of games and sports depends on effective
planning. (C.BS.E. 2021)
Following are the objectives of planning, except :
(a) Goal orientation (b) Making strategies
(0) Facilitate recreation (d) Formation of rule and regulation
‘Archana a P.E. Teacher of ABC school sent invitations to 25 teams to play Kho-Kho under Khelo India
programme. All teams accepted the invitation. Now, help Archana and suggest her which type of
tournament she should organise to make the competition successful. (C.BS.E. 2021)
(a) Knockout tournament (b) League tournament
{c) Round robin tournament (d) Berger tournament
In which of the following functions of sports event management “recruitment process” take
place ? : (CBSE)
(a) Planning (b) Staffing (c) Controlling ~ (4) Directing
Purchase of sports equipment is a work of the . . Committee. (CBS.E)
(a) Technical (b) Logistics (c) Marketing (d) Finance
Publication of rules and regulations should be done : (C.BS.E.)
(a) Pre event (b) During event. (c) Post event (d) Any time during the event
How many total matches will be played in a knock-out fixture of 19 teams? (C.B.S.E. 2023)
(a) 18 (b) 17 (c) 20 (d) 16
Knock-out tournament is also known as : (C.B.S.£. 2023)
(a) Elimination tournament (b) Round-robin tournament
(c) League tournament (d) Challenge tournament 46. National Sports Day is celebrated on:
(b) 19th August
‘un “to promote brotherhood”?
(b) Run for specific cause
(a) 9th August
47. Which of the races is r
(a) Run for Fun
1. Match the follo
(a) Technical Committee
(b) Finance Committee
(c) Transport Committee
(d) First Aid Committee
Choose the correct option :
{A) a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv
(C) asi, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
2. Match the following :
{a) 1st bye is always given to
(b) 2nd bye is always given to
{c) 3rd bye is always given to
(d) 4th bye is always given to
Choose the correct option :
3, Match the following :
(a) Marketing Committee
(b) Chairperson
(c) Tournament
(d) Fixture
Choose the correct option :
(A) a-ii, b-i, c-ili, div
(ai, b-ii, cil, d-iv
Q.1. Sohum was the sports captain of ABC Public School. The school committee decided to orga!
(ca
(c) 28th August (4) 29th August
