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Crossing a line: On the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra roadshow, the

implications
The government should desist from politicising the bureaucracy

The Centre has asked all departments to deploy officers to showcase its achievements across the
country down to the village level, through a roadshow titled Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra, which will run
from November 20 to January 25, 2024. To be sure, the outreach is only about achievements of the
last nine years that corresponds to the two terms of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) that began in
2014. The campaign is conveniently timed for the Lok Sabha election which is expected in April-May
2024. Joint Secretaries, Directors, and Deputy Secretaries will be appointed Rath Prabharis (chariots
in-charge) for the roadshow. Separately, the Ministry of Defence is setting up 822 ‘selfie points’
where citizens can click themselves with a picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Guidelines issued
by the Ministry go into great details on how to promote the work of the last nine years. It has been
directed that these selfie points “should be set up at prominent locations, which have maximum
footfall and the potential of attracting public attention”. War memorials, defence museums, railway
and metro stations, bus stations, airports, malls and market places, schools and colleges, tourist
destinations and festival gatherings are places where these points are coming up. Opposition parties
led by Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge have called out the government for this brazen
politicisation of the bureaucracy and the military.

India’s constitutional scheme of governance envisages the separation of power among the three arms
of the state — the executive, the judiciary and the legislature — and also a line of separation
between the bureaucracy and the military from the political executive. While both the bureaucracy
and the military are strictly under the control of the political executive, they are insulated from
partisan politics. In fact, the extensive election process in India has largely retained its credibility
because of the bureaucratic impartiality demanded by the system. The military’s involvement in any
kind of domestic politics is considered anathema. Civil and military officials are expected to remain
loyal to the government elected by the citizens, regardless of their personal ideological inclination.
Instant directives force them into partisan roles in furtherance of the interests of the ruling party. The
BJP’s strategy of disregarding norms in pursuit of electoral gains has been successful, but the trail of
damage it leaves behind will fester. If institutions are undermined, the damage may well be
irreversible. It is time the ruling party kept the interests of the nation before itself, and practised what
it preaches. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Cross a line (phrase) – Overstep, transgress, 12. Chariot (noun) – Carriage, cart, vehicle,
infringe, exceed limits, step over the wagon थ
boundary
13. Set up (phrasal verb) – Establish, start,
2. Implication (noun) – Consequence, result, initiate, inaugurate थ
effect, outcome
14. Direct (verb) – Order, instruct, command,
3. Desist (from) (verb) – Abstain, refrain, guide
withhold, stop, avoid
15. Prominent (adjective) – Notable,
4. Politicise (verb) – Make political, bias, conspicuous, significant, outstanding
manipulate for political purposes, twist
16. Footfall (noun) – Visitors, patrons, clientele,
traffic
5. Bureaucracy (noun) – Administration,
officialdom, establishment, system 17. Potential (noun) – Possibility, capability,
, - promise, potentiality

6. Deploy (verb) – Position, arrange, organize, 18. Gathering (noun) – Assembly, congregation,
place, set up meeting, get-together

7. Showcase (verb) – Display, exhibit, present, 19. Call out (phrasal verb) – Criticize, challenge,
demonstrate condemn, reprimand

8. To be sure (phrase) – Certainly, undoubtedly, 20. Brazen (adjective) – Shameless, unashamed,

definitely, surely unabashed, bold

9. Outreach (noun) – Range, scope, extent, 21. Politicisation (noun) – The act of making
reach something political; biasing towards political
interests
10. Correspond (verb) – Match, tally, align with,
equate to 22. Envisage (verb) – Foresee, predict,
anticipate, contemplate
11. Conveniently (adverb) – Suitably,
opportunely, aptly, handily 23. Arm (noun) – Branch, section, division, part

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24. The Executive (noun) – The branch of 35. Ideological (adjective) – Doctrinal,
government responsible for implementing Philosophical, Theoretical, Dogmatic,
laws; administrative branch Idealogic

25. The Judiciary (noun) – The system of courts 36. Inclination (noun) – Tendency, Preference,
that interprets and applies the law in a Leaning, Predisposition, Penchant
country
37. Directive (noun) – Order, Command,
26. The Legislature (noun) – Parliament, Instruction, Guideline, Mandate
Assembly, Congress, Senate, Council
38. Furtherance (noun) – Promotion,
27. Insulate (verb) – Shield, Protect, Isolate, Advancement, Forwarding, Facilitation,
Separate, Guard Encouragement थ

28. Partisan (adjective) – Biased, Prejudiced, 39. Ruling (adjective) – Governing, Dominant,
One-sided, Sectarian, Partialpakshpaatipoorn Prevailing, Regnant, Ascendant

40. Disregard (verb) – Ignore, Overlook, Neglect,

29. Retain (verb) – Keep, Maintain, Preserve, Dismiss, Oversee
Hold, Sustain
41. In pursuit of (phrase) – In search of, Chasing,
30. Credibility (noun) – Trustworthiness, After, Seeking, Hunting
Reliability, Authenticity, Integrity, Reputation
42. Trail (noun) – Track, Path, Route, Wake, Tail

31. Bureaucratic (adjective) – Official,

Administrative, Organizational, Procedural, 43. Fester (verb) – worsen, decay, rot, putrefy,
Formal deteriorate /

32. Impartiality (noun) – Neutrality, Fairness, 44. Undermine (verb) – Weaken, Subvert,
Objectivity, Unbiasedness, Equitability Sabotage, Erode, Debase

45. Irreversible (adjective) – Unalterable,

33. Anathema (noun) – Curse, Abomination, Permanent, Immutable, Fixed, Final
Detestation, Execration, Malediction

34. Regardless of (phrase) – Irrespective of, 46. Preach (verb) – Advocate, Promulgate,
Despite, No matter, Without consideration Propagate, Proclaim, Teach
of, Notwithstanding

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Summary of the Editorial

1. The Centre has directed departments to conduct a roadshow, the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra,
showcasing its achievements at every level including villages.

2. The focus is on the achievements of the last nine years, coinciding with the BJP's two terms
since 2014.

3. This campaign is strategically planned just ahead of the anticipated Lok Sabha elections in
April-May 2024.

4. Officials like Joint Secretaries, Directors, and Deputy Secretaries will be in charge of the
roadshow.

5. The Ministry of Defence plans to establish 822 ‘selfie points’ where citizens can take photos
alongside an image of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

6. Detailed guidelines have been issued to promote the work of the last nine years.

7. The 'selfie points' are being installed at high-footfall areas such as war memorials, stations,
malls, educational institutions, and tourist spots.

8. Opposition, led by Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, has criticized the move as a blatant
politicization of the bureaucracy and military.

9. The Indian constitution emphasizes a separation of power among the executive, judiciary, and
legislature, and also between bureaucracy/military and the political executive.

10. Bureaucracy and military, though under the political executive, are supposed to remain
separate from partisan politics.

11. The credibility of Indian elections is largely due to the impartiality expected from the
bureaucracy.

12. The military's participation in domestic politics is frowned upon, and officials should remain
loyal to the elected government regardless of their personal beliefs.

13. These directives push officials into biased roles, promoting the interests of the ruling party.

14. While the BJP's tactics might yield electoral benefits, the potential damage to institutions
could be long-lasting and harmful.

15. The editorial concludes by urging the ruling party to prioritize national interests over its own
and to maintain integrity.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. Which of the following statements best summarizes the purpose of the Viksit Bharat Sankalp
Yatra roadshow? [Editorial page]
A. To showcase the achievements of the government in the past nine years which
corresponds to the BJP's tenure.
B. To promote tourism in the country.
C. To provide a platform for all political parties to present their achievements.
D. To focus on the military and defence services of the country.
2. What has been the criticism regarding the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra roadshow and the
associated initiatives?
A. The roadshow does not cover all the achievements of the government.
B. The initiative promotes the personal image of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
C. The guidelines issued by the Ministry do not provide clarity.
D. The opposition parties appreciate the effort but suggest modifications.
3. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the bureaucracy and the
political executive in India, as mentioned in the passage?
(i) The bureaucracy has complete autonomy and operates independently of the political
executive.
(ii) Both the bureaucracy and the military are strictly under the control of the political
executive and are shielded from partisan politics.
(iii) The bureaucracy and military are largely influenced by partisan politics and the whims of
the political executive.
(iv) The military directly influences and governs the political executive decisions in India.
A. i only
B. ii only
C. iii only
D. iv only
4. Based on the passage, which of the following is a true statement regarding the election
process in India?
(i) The extensive election process in India lacks credibility.
(ii) The bureaucratic impartiality contributes to the credibility of the election process in India.
(iii) The military actively participates in the domestic politics of the country.
(iv) Civil and military officials are influenced by their personal ideological inclinations in their
roles.
(i) i only
(ii) ii only
(iii) iii and iv only
(iv) i and iii only
5. What is the tone of the passage regarding the "Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra" roadshow
initiative by the government?
A. Supportive
B. Neutral

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C. Critical
D. Indifferent
6. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. Earlier this week, 24 patients, 23 of them Covid-infected, died in Karnataka’s
Chamarajanagar due to alleged shortage of the life-saving gas in the district hospital.
Q. Though the Central government claims that there is no shortage of oxygen, the lapses are
evident on all counts, be it production, allocation, transportation or supply.
R. On Saturday, 12 Covid-19 patients, including a senior doctor, succumbed at a private
hospital in New Delhi after it reportedly ran out of medical oxygen for more than an hour.
S. The disruption of oxygen supply is causing deaths almost on a daily basis in the country.
A. SRPQ B.QRSP C.SRQP D.SPRQ
7. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. European football has just witnessed the rise and fall of a multi-billion sporting empire — in
less than three days.
Q. The plans to form a league of elite, super-rich clubs who were to be given membership in
perpetuity, with no need of qualification or fear of relegation, struck at the principle of
sporting meritocracy. It was an attempt at a great heist, and it met with very hostile public
opinion.
R. ESL’s base was, it was clear, the greed of the biggest clubs of Europe, except the ones from
Germany and France, who didn’t join.
S. The plans to form the breakaway 20-team European Super League (ESL) are in disarray as
English and Italian clubs have pulled out of the proposed league. Football leagues in Europe
have a rich and cherished history, with fan loyalties going back four or even more
generations.
A. QRSP B.PSRQ C.QSRP D.PQSR
8. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. Trouble is brewing for tea growers, orchardists and other farmers in rain-deficient Himachal
Pradesh as agriculture is largely rain-fed. With over 70 per cent deficiency in rainfall and
scanty snow witnessed since January, the farmers are suffering severe crop failure in terms
of both quality and quantity.
Q. In the Kullu valley, the apple producers are worried that owing to the inadequate amount of
chilling time, their fruit of labour would be hit. Pear and cherry produce is similarly
dependent upon chilling hours.
R. Farmers in Bilaspur district have also been affected by the drought-like conditions as a 30-
40 per cent reduction in wheat yield is feared because the crop is stunted. Cattle are being
fed wheat as there is shortage of fodder in some areas. Earlier, the vegetable farmers of
Solan faced tough times as their yield was reduced to half.
S. The dry weather has wilted the famous tea leaves in the Kangra valley, impacting the
production by a whopping 75 per cent.
A. QRSP B.QSRP C.PSQR D.PRQS
9. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
My niece is an amateur artist. I hope she becomes famous one day.

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A. Boring
B. Freelancing
C. Expert
D. Decent
10. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
The secretary to my boss is very efficient as he not only gives him the required information
also and handles correspondence independently
A. yet also handles
B. but also handles
C. along with also handles
D. not also handles
11. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was attached to the
temple.
B. When we both finished, we would be back together.
C. While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or prayer
in chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures.
D. The priest taught us the alphabet and the morning prayer.
A. ACBD
B. ABDC
C. ADCB
D. ADBC
12. Select the most appropriate synonym to substitute the underlined word.
The weather forecast mentioned that there would be a cloud burst this afternoon.
A. rainstorm
B. sandstorm
C. famine
D. snowfall
13. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Keats and Shelly were poets of the same period; in other words, they were
___________.
A. contemporaries
B. co-writers
C. colleagues
D. associates
14. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
Get up on the wrong side of the bed
A. Someone who is having a horrible day
B. Destroy or ruin a plan
C. Someone who is having a good day

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D. Go to bed or go to sleep
15. Identify the option that can be substituted as the correct idiom for the underlined part of the
given sentence.
My cousin sister Neetu had an aerial view of the trade fair from the top of the giant wheel.
A. A bird in the gilded cage
B. Bird’s eye view
C. Birds of same feather
D. Bird brain
16. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. He later tried to franchise his restaurant.
B. Colonel Harland Sanders' real-life story of being disappointed numerous times in his life and
still making his ambition come true late in life is truly motivating.
C. He began selling chicken at the age of 40, but his dream of opening a restaurant was
repeatedly denied owing to conflicts and wars.
D. He is a seventh-grade dropout who tried many things in life but found them bitter
A. BCDA
B. BDCA
C. BDAC
D. BACD
17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
We are organising the charity function tomorrow.
A. The charity function is been organised tomorrow.
B. The charity function is being organised tomorrow.
C. The charity function is being organise tomorrow.
D. The charity function is organised tomorrow
18. Identify the option that arranges the given parts in the correct order to form a meaningful
and coherent paragraph.
a) In Shakespeare’s hands, English drama
b) that first shone forth in his early history plays
c) William Shakespeare is considered as the greatest dramatist and poet of English language.
d) achieved a matchless brilliance
A. d,b,a,c
B. a,b,c,d
C. c,a,d,b
D. b,c,a,d
19. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word ‘Naïve’ from the given sentence.
After years of working in politics, she had become cynical and jaded, convinced that all
politicians were corrupt and that the system was rigged against the people.
A. Jaded
B. Corrupt
C. Cynical

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D. Convinced
20. Select the most appropriate phrasal verb to fill in the blank.
The driver very subtly ___________ the traffic violation he committed.
A. ironed through
B. ironed in
C. ironed out
D. ironed aside
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Colonialism had a great impact on the lives of the aboriginal Australians who were eventually
(1) _______ by the whites with all power and privilege. The colonisers turned their land into
rubbish pits and (2) _______ sites for their own betterment. The aborigines were often (3)
_______ as sub-humans with low status and dirty habits. The whites not only displaced the
tribes off their homeland but also (4) _______ the beauty and balance of the natural world. An
increase in deforestation and destruction of traditional land led (5) _______ like emu, eagle,
and kangaroo, among many others to dwindle over time.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. caught
B. understood
C. subjugated
D. raised
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. dating
B. construction
C. halting
D. Recreation
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. created
B. perceived
C. received
D. Led
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
A. destroyed
B. climbed
C. utilised
D. Fed
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
A. fauna
B. pets
C. thugs
D. homies

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Answers
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 11.C 12.A
13. A 14.A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A
25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. A) The passage states that the outreach is only about the achievements of the last nine years
that corresponds to the two terms of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The other options are
not supported by the passage.
2. B) The passage mentions the Ministry of Defence setting up 822 ‘selfie points’ where citizens
can click themselves with a picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and that the opposition
parties have criticized the government for politicizing the bureaucracy and the military. Option
B captures the essence of this criticism.
3. B) ii only
The passage states that "While both the bureaucracy and the military are strictly under the
control of the political executive, they are insulated from partisan politics." This aligns with
option ii.
4. B) ii only
The passage mentions that "the extensive election process in India has largely retained its
credibility because of the bureaucratic impartiality demanded by the system." This aligns with
option ii.
5. C) Critical
The passage expresses concerns about the timing of the roadshow, the associated activities
like setting up 'selfie points' with the Prime Minister's picture, and the general implications for
the bureaucracy and the military. It also criticizes the government's strategy as "disregarding
norms in pursuit of electoral gains". These aspects contribute to a critical tone.
6. D) SPRQ
S: S sets the context by stating that the disruption of oxygen supply is causing deaths almost
on a daily basis in the country.
P: P provides an example to support the context mentioned in sentence S. It mentions the
incident in Karnataka's Chamarajanagar where patients died due to an alleged shortage of life-
saving gas.
R: R adds another example to illustrate the severity of the situation. It talks about the incident
in New Delhi where Covid-19 patients, including a senior doctor, died after the hospital ran out
of medical oxygen for more than an hour.
Q: Q comes last in the paragraph. It provides a broader perspective by mentioning the Central
government's claim of no shortage of oxygen. It also points out that the lapses are evident in
various aspects such as production, allocation, transportation, and supply.
7. B) PSRQ

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P: The paragraph begins with sentence P, which introduces the topic of a multi-billion sporting
empire rising and falling in European football.
S: Sentence S provides the context of the breakaway European Super League (ESL) and the
disarray caused by English and Italian clubs pulling out.
R: Sentence R explains that the greed of the biggest clubs, except those from Germany and
France, formed the base of the ESL.
Q: Finally, sentence Q elaborates on the plans of the ESL and how they clashed with the
principle of sporting meritocracy, leading to hostile public opinion.
8. C) PSQR
P: The first sentence (P) introduces the main problem of trouble brewing for tea growers,
orchardists, and other farmers in rain-deficient Himachal Pradesh due to the agriculture being
largely rain-fed. It mentions the deficiency in rainfall and scanty snow, which has led to severe
crop failure in terms of both quality and quantity.
S: The second sentence (S) provides specific information about the impact of the dry weather
on tea production in the Kangra valley. It states that the production has been impacted by a
whopping 75 percent due to the wilted tea leaves caused by the dry weather
Q: The third sentence (Q) shifts the focus to the apple producers in the Kullu valley. It explains
their concerns about the inadequate amount of chilling time, which could potentially harm
their fruit production. It also mentions that pear and cherry produce is similarly dependent
upon chilling hours.
R: The final sentence (R) talks about the drought-like conditions affecting farmers in Bilaspur
district. It mentions a 30-40 percent reduction in wheat yield due to the stunted crop. It also
highlights the shortage of fodder in some areas, which has led to feeding wheat to cattle. It
briefly refers to the vegetable farmers of Solan who faced tough times with a reduced yield.
9. C) Amateur (adjective) – Engaging in a particular activity as a pastime rather than as a
professional; non-professional, non-specialist, layperson. शौकिमा
Antonym: Expert (adjective) – Having or showing special skill or knowledge derived from
training or experience; proficient, skilled, adept. विशेषऻ
 Boring (adjective) – Not interesting; tedious, dull, monotonous. उफाऊ
 Freelancing (adjective) – Working for different companies at different times rather
than being permanently employed by one company; independent, self-employed.
स्ितंत्र ऩेशि
े य
 Decent (adjective) – Conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or
moral behavior; proper, respectable, honorable. सभ्म

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10. B) ‘also and handles' िे फदरे 'but also handles' िा प्रमोग होगा, क्मोंकि "not only ... but also"
एि correlative conjunction है जो सभान भहत्ि िे दो विचायों िो जोड़ने िे लरए प्रमुक्त होता
है । उदाहयण स्िरूऩ— He is not only intelligent but also hard-working.
 but also handles' will be used instead of 'also and handles' because "not only ... but
also" is a correlative conjunction that is used to connect two ideas of equal importance.
Like— He is not only intelligent but also hard-working.
11. C) ADCB
My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was attached to the
temple The priest taught us the alphabet and the morning prayer. While the children sat in
rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or prayer in chorus, my grandmother
sat inside reading the scriptures. When we both finished, we would be back together.
12. A) Cloud burst (noun) – A sudden, intense rainfall that can lead to rapid flooding, typically
lasting a short duration. फादर पटना
Synonym: Rainstorm (noun) – A period of heavy and continuous rain. िषाा-तूपान
 Sandstorm (noun) – A strong wind that carries clouds of sand through the air, typically
found in deserts. ये तीरा तप
ू ान
 Famine (noun) – Extreme scarcity of food. अिार
 Snowfall (noun) – Precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls
from clouds. हहभऩात
13. A) 'Contemporaries' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "contemporaries" िा अथा होता है एि ही
सभमिार भें जीिन बफताने िारे रोग। Keats औय Shelly एि ही सभमिार िे िवि थे, इसलरए
मह शब्द उऩमुक्त है । 'Co-writers' िा अथा है सह-रेखि, 'Colleagues' िा अथा है सहिभी, औय
'Associates' िा अथा है सहमोगी, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।
14. A) Get up on the wrong side of the bed (idiom) – Someone who is having a horrible day सफ
ु ह
से ही लभजाज बफगड़ा यहना
15. B) Bird’s eye view (phrase) – a view from a very high place that allows you to see a large area
सयसयी ननगाह
 A bird in the glided cage (phrase) – to live in luxury but without freedom विरालसता भें
यहना रेकिन स्ितंत्रता िे बफना
 Birds of same feather (phrase) – people who are similar in character एि स्िबाि िवृ ि
मा विचाय िे भनष्ु म

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 Bird brain (phrase) – a silly or stupid person. भूखा व्मक्क्त।

16. B) BDCA
Colonel Harland Sanders' real-life story of being disappointed numerous times in his life and
still making his ambition come true late in life is truly motivating. . He is a seventh-grade
dropout who tried many things in life but found them bitter He began selling chicken at the
age of 40, but his dream of opening a restaurant was repeatedly denied owing to conflicts and
wars. He later tried to franchise his restaurant.
17. B) The charity function is being organised tomorrow.
18. C) c, a, d, b
William Shakespeare is considered as the greatest dramatist and poet of English language. In
Shakespeare’s hands, English drama achieved a matchless brilliance William Shakespeare is
considered as the greatest dramatist and poet of English language.
19. C) Naïve (adjective) – Lacking experience, wisdom, or judgement; innocent, simple,
unsophisticated. बोरा/ अनब
ु िहीन
Antonym: Cynical (adjective) – Distrusting or doubting the sincerity or goodness of human
motives and actions; skeptical, contemptuous, pessimistic. ननंदि/ सनिी
 Jaded (adjective) – Tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, usually after having had too
much of something; wearied, fatigued, overworked. थिा हुआ, थििय चूय होना
 Corrupt (adjective) – Having or showing a willingness to act dishonestly in return for
money or personal gain; unscrupulous, dishonest, fraudulent. भ्रष्ट
 Convinced (adjective) – Completely certain about something; confident, sure, certain.
आस्थाशक्त
20. C) 'Ironed out' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "ironed out" िा अथा होता है किसी सभस्मा मा वििाद
िो हर िय दे ना। जफकि 'Ironed through' िा िोई विशेष अथा नहीं होता, 'Ironed in' िा अथा है
किसी चीज िो स्थामी रूऩ से ननिेश ियना, औय 'Ironed aside' िा अथा है किसी चीज िो निाय
मा तार दे ना, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।
 'Ironed out' should be used because it means to resolve or settle a problem or
disagreement. Whereas, 'Ironed through' doesn't have a specific meaning, 'Ironed in'
implies fixing something permanently, and 'Ironed aside' implies rejecting or dismissing
something, which don't fit in this context.
21. C) 'Subjugated' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "subjugated" िा अथा होता है अधीन ियना मा िश भें
ियना। इस संदबा भें , मह शब्द मह दशााता है कि भूर ऑस्रे लरमाई रोगों िो श्िेतों द्िाया ऩूयी
तयह से अधीन िय हदमा गमा था, क्जनिे ऩास सायी शक्क्त औय विशेषाधधिाय थे। जफकि

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'Caught' िा अथा है ऩिड़ रेना, 'Understood' िा अथा है सभझना, औय 'Raised' िा अथा है

उठाना मा फढाना, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।
 'Subjugated' should be used because it means to bring under control or to dominate. In
this context, this word illustrates that the aboriginal Australians were thoroughly
dominated by the whites, who had all the power and privilege. Whereas, 'Caught'
means to capture, 'Understood' means to comprehend, and 'Raised' means to lift or
increase, which don't fit in this context.
22. B) 'Construction' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "construction" िा अथा होता है ननभााण ियना। जफकि
'Dating' िा अथा है तायीख ननधाारयत ियना, 'Halting' िा अथा है ठहयाना, औय 'Recreation' िा
अथा है भनोयं जन, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है । इस ऩैसेज भें फतामा गमा है कि िॉरोनाइज़सा
ने उनिी बलू भ िो अऩने फेहतयीन लरए फदर हदमा, इसलरए 'Construction' सफसे उऩमक्
ु त
वििल्ऩ होगा, जो इस संदबा भें कपट फैठता है ।
'Construction' should be used because it means building or creating something. Whereas,
'Dating' means determining the age, 'Halting' means to cause to stop, and 'Recreation' means
entertainment or leisure activity, which don't fit in this context. The passage mentions that the
colonizers transformed the land of the aboriginal Australians for their own betterment, so
'Construction' is the most appropriate option to fill the blank, as it aligns with the context of
colonizers utilizing the land for their own purposes.
23. B) Perceived' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "perceived" िा अथा होता है किसी व्मक्क्त मा िस्तु िो
किसी विशेष तयीिे से दे खना मा सभझना। इस संदबा भें , भूर ननिासी ऑस्रे लरमाइमों िो नीचे
दजे िे भानिों िे रूऩ भें दे खा गमा था, जो कि इनिी क्स्थनत औय आदतों िे प्रनत गोयों द्िाया
यखी गई दृक्ष्टिोण िो दशााता है । जफकि 'Created' िा अथा है यचना ियना, 'Received' िा अथा
है प्राप्त ियना, औय 'Led' िा अथा है नेतत्ृ ि ियना, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।
 'Perceived' should be used because it means to view or understand a person or thing in
a particular way. In this context, the aboriginal Australians were seen as sub-humans
with low status, which reflects the perspective held by the whites towards their
condition and habits. Whereas, 'Created' means to produce, 'Received' means to get or
be given, and 'Led' means to guide or direct, which don't fit in this context.
24. A) 'Destroyed' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "destroyed" िा अथा होता है नष्ट िय दे ना। इस संदबा
भें , मह शब्द इसे स्ऩष्ट ियता है कि सपेद रोगों ने स्िाबाविि दनु नमा िी सुंदयता औय संतुरन
िो िैसे नष्ट िय हदमा। जफकि 'Climbed' िा अथा है चढना, 'Utilised' िा अथा है उऩमोग ियना,
औय 'Fed' िा अथा है खखराना, जो इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।

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 Destroyed' should be used because it means to ruin completely. In this context, this
word makes it clear how the whites ruined the beauty and balance of the natural
world. Whereas, 'Climbed' means to ascend, 'Utilised' means to make use of, and 'Fed'
means to give food to, which don't fit in this context.
25. A) 'Fauna' िा प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकि "fauna" िा अथा होता है किसी विशेष ऺेत्र भें ऩाए जाने िारे
जंतुओं िा सभूह। इस संदबा भें , 'fauna' शब्द उन जंतुओं िो दशााता है जो िनसंहाय औय
ऩायं ऩरयि बूलभ िे विनाश िे िायण सभम िे साथ िभजोय हो गए हैं। 'Pets' िा अथा होता है
ऩारतू जानिय, 'Thugs' िा अथा होता है गंड
ु ,े औय 'Homies' िा अथा होता है लभत्र मा साथी, जो
इस संदबा भें सही नहीं है ।
 'Fauna' should be used because it refers to the animals of a particular region or period.
In this context, 'fauna' indicates the animals, like emu, eagle, and kangaroo, among
many others, that have dwindled over time due to the increase in deforestation and
destruction of traditional land. Whereas, 'Pets' means domestic animals, 'Thugs' means
criminals or violent people, and 'Homies' means friends or companions, which don't fit
in this context.

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