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Performing Transformer Vector Group Test

The document describes procedures to test the vector group of a transformer. It provides background on vector groups, which categorize transformer winding configurations and phase angles. The test procedure involves applying voltages to the primary winding and measuring voltages on the secondary winding. Equations are developed using the measurement results and analyzed to verify the vector group matches the expected Dyn11 configuration. Analyzing for an incorrect Dyn1 group shows the results fail, confirming the transformer matches Dyn11.

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Isa Mohammed
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678 views

Performing Transformer Vector Group Test

The document describes procedures to test the vector group of a transformer. It provides background on vector groups, which categorize transformer winding configurations and phase angles. The test procedure involves applying voltages to the primary winding and measuring voltages on the secondary winding. Equations are developed using the measurement results and analyzed to verify the vector group matches the expected Dyn11 configuration. Analyzing for an incorrect Dyn1 group shows the results fail, confirming the transformer matches Dyn11.

Uploaded by

Isa Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERFORMING

TRANSFORMER VECTOR GROUP TEST

Prepared by
Ir Kamarul Ariffin Yahya
UPT-P27 Lead Electrical Engineer
P27 AMT Supervisor – Electrical

Page 1 of 6
1.0 Introduction

A vector group is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) method of categorizing the high-
voltage (HV) windings and low-voltage (LV) winding configurations of three-phase transformers and the
difference in phase angle between them.

The vector group is indicated by a code consisting of two or three letters, followed by one or two numeric
digits.

The HV winding is designated with an uppercase letter, followed by LV windings designated with a
lowercase letter. Following the letter code is the digits (in clock system) which indicates multiples of 30°
phase angle different between the windings, with HV winding is taken as a reference.

Phasor symbol HV winding LV winding Winding Connection

Dy1

LV lags HV by 30°

Yd1

LV lags HV by 30°

Dy11

LV lags HV by 330°
LV lead HV by 30°

Yd11

LV lags HV by 330°
LV lead HV by 30°

Page 2 of 6
Phase displacement: Phasor rotation is always counterclockwise (internationally adopted convention –
universal rule in relay testing world).

Picture above shows A-B-C phase sequence since A attains its maximum value first with respect to the
reference in counterclockwise phasor direction followed by B phase 120° later, and C phase 240° later
than the A phase.

Parallel operation: Transformers connected in parallel must have the same vector group; mismatching
phase angles will result in circulating current and other system disturbances. There is no technical
different between Dy1 and Dy11 in terms of performance. The only factor affecting the choice between
one and the other is system phasing, i.e. whether the transformer need to parallel with another source.

Page 3 of 6
2.0 Vector Group Test Procedure

Following are the steps procedure to perform Transformer vector group test:
1. Ensure terminal are open & short the primary and secondary R phase externally. This is ensure 1L1
and 2L1 are in phase.
2. Apply three phase voltage to the primary of the transformer (415 volts).
3. Measure the voltages.
4. Check the equations by using values.

3.0 Test Result

Page 4 of 6
4.0 Developing equation: Analysis Test Result for Dyn11

Minimum 4 equation to be establish to verify vector group Dyn11, mainly “equal”, “more than”, “less
than”, and “addition”.

Equation Dyn11 From Result (volt) Analysis


1L2.2L3 = 1L2.2L2 307.2 = 307.2 pass
1L2.1L3 > 1L2.2L3 425.0 > 307.2 pass
1L3.2L3 < 1L3.2L2 308.5 < 448.0 pass
1L1.2N + 2N.1L2 = 1L1.1L2 81.1 + 339.3 = 423 pass

Conclusion: Transformer under test satisfy Dyn11 vector group.

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5.0 Developing equation: Analyze Dyn1 against Test Result

Minimum 4 equation to be establish to verify vector group Dyn1, mainly “equal”, “more than”, “less
than”, and “addition”.

Equation Dyn1 From Result (volt) Analysis


1L3.2L3 = 1L3.2L2 308.5 = 448 failed
1L3. 1L2 > 1L3.2L2 425.0 > 448.0 failed
1L2.2L2 < 1L2.2L3 307.2 < 307.2 failed
1L1.2N + 2N.1L3 = 1L1.1L2 81.1 + 387.5 = 423 failed

Conclusion: Transformer under test does not satisfy Dyn1 vector group.

Page 6 of 6

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