GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COURSE & CODE-OSY/22516

ACADEMIC YEAR- 2022-23

A MICRO-PROJECT ON
“COMPONENTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM”
FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING-IF-5I )

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Bodhle Mam

SUBMITTED BY

Sr.no Enrollment No Name Of The Student Sing

2011620272 Shinde Sapna
40
2011620219 Adhude Arpita
01
2011620235 Gholap Vaishanvi
13
06 2011620224 Aute Pooja

1
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,AMBAD.
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COURSE & OSY/22516

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro-project entitled “COMPONENTS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM” being submitted here with for the award of
DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY in INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING of MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD &
TECHNICAL EDUCATION (MSBTE) is the result of Micro-project work
completed under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Bodhle Mam.

It is to the best of my knowledge and belief that the work embodied in this
Micro-project has not formed earlier the basis for the award of any degree or
diploma of this or any other Board or examining body.

Place: Ambad
Date:
Bodhle Mam Mr.Y.B.Sanap Dr. A.M. Jinturkar
Micro-project Guide H.O.D Principal

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 DECLARATION
I, the undersigned hereby declare that the project entitled “COMPONENTS
OF OPERATING SYSTEM” is written and submitted by me to
Government Polytechnic Ambad during Year 2020-21, Second Semester for
partial fulfillment of the ‘Micro Project’ requirement of ‘OPERATING
SYSTEM’ course under Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai curriculum, under the guidance of Prof. BODHLE MAM is my
original work.

The empirical findings in this project are based on the collected data and
are not copied from any other sources.

Sr.no Enrollment No Name Of The Student Sing

2011620272 Shinde Sapna
40
2011620219 Adhude Arpita
01
2011620235 Gholap Vaishanvi
13
2011620224 Aute Pooja
06

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I have great pleasure to express my immense gratitude towards a

dynamic person and my project guidance, MS.BODHLE MAM
Department of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Government
Polytechnic, Ambad for giving me an opportunity to work on an
interesting topic over one semester. The work presented here could not
have been accomplished without his most competent and inspiring
guidance, incessant encouragement, constructive criticism and constant
motivation during all phases of our group Micro-project work. I am highly
indebted to him.
I am very much thankful to Prof. Bodhle Mam, Head Department
of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, all HODs of various departments
and Prof. Dr. A.M.JINTURKAR Sir, The Principal of Government
Polytechnic, Ambad for his encouragement and providing me a
motivating environment and project facilities in the Institute to carry out
experiments and complete this Micro-project work.
I would like to extend my thanks to all our professors, staff
members and all our friends who extended their co-operation to
complete the project.
I am indeed indebted to my parents and other family members for
their immense help at all levels with moral, social & financial support,
care and support throughout my studies without which my work would
not have seen light of the day.
With warm regards,

Place: Ambad

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 INDEX

Sr.no Title
1. TOPIC NAME
2. INTRODUCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
3. COMPONENTS OF OS

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INTRODUCTION OF OS:

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer

user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software
which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory
management, process management, handling input and output, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

COMPONENTS OF OS

• Administration.
• Network Management.
• Main Memory Management.
• Management of Management of processes.
• File Secondary Storage.
• Management of I/O Devices.
• Security Management.
• Command Interpreter System.

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Process Management

A process is program or a fraction of a program that is loaded in main

memory. A process needs certain resources including CPU time,
Memory, Files, and I/O devices to accomplish its task. The process
management component manages the multiple processes running
simultaneously on the Operating System.
A program in running state is called a process.

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in

connection with process management:

• Create, load, execute, suspend, resume, and terminate

processes.
• Switch system among multiple processes in main memory.
• Provides communication mechanisms so that processes can
communicate with each others
• Provides synchronization mechanisms to control concurrent
access to shared data to keep shared data consistent.
• Allocate/de-allocate resources properly to prevent or avoid
deadlock situation.

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I/O Device Management
One of the purposes of an operating system is to hide the peculiarities
of specific hardware devices from the user. I/O Device Management
provides an abstract level of H/W devices and keep the details from
applications to ensure proper use of devices, to prevent errors, and to
provide users with convenient and efficient programming
environment.
Following are the tasks of I/O Device Management component:

• Hide the details of H/W devices

• Manage main memory for the devices using cache, buffer, and
spooling
• Maintain and provide custom drivers for each device.

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File Mangement
File management is one of the most visible services of an operating
system. Computers can store information in several different physical
forms; magnetic tape, disk, and drum are the most common forms.
A file is defined as a set of correlated information and it is defined by
the creator of the file. Mostly files represent data, source and object
forms, and programs. Data files can be of any type like alphabetic,
numeric, and alphanumeric.
A files is a sequence of bits, bytes, lines or records whose meaning is
defined by its creator and user.

The operating system implements the abstract concept of the file by

managing mass storage device, such as types and disks. Also files are
normally organized into directories to ease their use. These directories
may contain files and other directories and so on.
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in
connection with file management:

• File creation and deletion

• Directory creation and deletion
• The support of primitives for manipulating files and directories
• Mapping files onto secondary storage
• File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media

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Network Management
The definition of network management is often broad, as network
management involves several different components. Network
management is the process of managing and administering a
computer network. A computer network is a collection of various
types of computers connected with each other.
Network management comprises fault analysis, maintaining the
quality of service, provisioning of networks, and performance
management.
Network management is the process of keeping your network
healthy for an efficient communication between different computers.

Following are the features of network management:

• Network administration
• Network maintenance
• Network operation
• Network provisioning
• Network security

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Main Memory management
Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address.
It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O
devices.
Main memory is a volatile storage device which means it loses its
contents in the case of system failure or as soon as system power goes
down.
The main motivation behind Memory Management is to maximize
memory utilization on the computer system.

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in

connections with memory management:

• Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used

and by whom.
• Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes
available.
• Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.

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Secondary Storage Management
The main purpose of a computer system is to execute programs. These
programs, together with the data they access, must be in main
memory during execution. Since the main memory is too small to
permanently accommodate all data and program, the computer
system must provide secondary storage to backup main memory.
Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line
storage medium, for both programs and data. Most programs, like
compilers, assemblers, sort routines, editors, formatters, and so on,
are stored on the disk until loaded into memory, and then use the disk
as both the source and destination of their processing.
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in
connection with disk management:

• Free space management

• Storage allocation

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Security Management
The operating system is primarily responsible for all task and activities
happen in the computer system. The various processes in an operating
system must be
protected from each other’s activities. For that purpose, various
mechanisms which can be used to ensure that the files, memory
segment, cpu and other resources can be operated on only by those
processes that have gained proper authorization from the operating
system.
Security Management refers to a mechanism for controlling the
access of programs, processes, or users to the resources defined by a
computer controls to be imposed, together with some means of
enforcement.

For example, memory addressing hardware ensure that a process can

only execute within its own address space. The timer ensure that no
process can gain control of the CPU without relinquishing it. Finally,
no process is allowed to do it’s own I/O, to protect the integrity of the
various peripheral devices.

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Command Interpreter System
One of the most important component of an operating system is its
command interpreter. The command interpreter is the primary
interface between the user and the rest of the system.
Command Interpreter System executes a user command by calling
one or more number of underlying system programs or system calls.
Command Interpreter System allows human users to interact with
the Operating System and provides convenient programming
environment to the users.

Many commands are given to the operating system by control

statements. A program which reads and interprets control statements
is automatically executed. This program is called the shell and few
examples are Windows DOS command window, Bash of Unix/Linux
or C-Shell of Unix/Linux.

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