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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current

Magnetism and Magnetic 365

17 Effects of Current
QUICK LOOK Magnetic Low and negative Low but positive Positive and high
susceptibilit |χ| ≈ 1 χ≈1 χ ≈ 102
A small number of crystalline substances exhibit strong yχ Does not depend On cooling, these These get
magnetic effects called ferromagnetism. Some examples of and on temperature get converted to converted into
ferromagnetic substances are iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, dependence (except Bi at low ferromagnetic paramagnetic
on temperature) materials at Curie materials at Curie
and dysprosium. These substances contain permanent atomic
temperature temperature temperature
magnetic moments that tend to align parallel to each other even χ χ χ
in a weak external magnetic field. Paramagnetic substances
have a small but positive magnetism resulting from the
presence of atoms (or ions) that have permanent magnetic T T
TC
T
moments. These moments interact only weakly with one Relative µr < 1 µr > 1 µr >> 1; µr = 10 2

another and are randomly oriented in the absence of an external permeabilit

magnetic field. y (µr)
Intensity of very low low very high.
When an external magnetic field is applied to a diamagnetic magnetisati
substance, a weak magnetic moment is induced in the direction on (I)
I-H curves
opposite the applied field, causing diamagnetic substances to be
+I IS
weakly repelled by a magnet. H

–I H H
Table 17.1: Comparative Study of Magnetic Materials HS
Property Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic
Magnetic Very low (≈ 0) Very low Very high
substances substances substances
moment (M)
Cause of Orbital motion of Spin motion of Formation of
Examples Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Al, Mn, Pt, Na, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd,
magnetism electrons electrons domains
Bi, Sb, NaCl, H2O CuCl2, O2 and Fe3O4 etc.
Behaviour These are These are feebly These are
air and diamond crown glass
In a non- repelled in an attracted in an strongly attracted
etc.
uniform external magnetic external magnetic in an external
magnetic field i.e. have a field i.e., have a magnetic field
Earth's Magnetic Field
field tendency to move tendency to move i.e. they easily
Rotation axis
from high to low from low to high move from low to
field region. field region high field region Magnetic field lines North Geographical
N
pole
W E
S
Pushed Pushed Very S
up in strong
N S N S N S N

When the Liquid level in Liquid level in Liquid level in

material in that limb gets that limb rises up that limb rises up
the form of depressed very much Magnetic axis
liquid is N S N S N S Figure: 17.1 Earth’s Magnetic Field
filled in the
As per the most established theory it is due to the rotation of the
U-tube and
placed earth where by the various charged ions present in the molten
between state in the core of the earth rotate and constitute a current. At
Liquid Liquid Liquid
pole pieces. the poles and equator of earth the values of total intensity are
0.66 and 0.33 Oersted respectively. Magnetic axis and
the gaseous expands at right expands in the rapidly expands
materials angles to the direction of in the direction of
Geographical axis don't coincide but they make an angle of
between magnetic field. magnetic field. magnetic field 17.5° with each other. The direction of earth’s Horizontal
pole pieces magnetic field is from south to North. At poles Horizontal

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366 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

component H(BH) = 0, while at equator vertical component V
Magnetic moment of current loop is a vector quantity. Its
(BV) = 0. direction is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Magnetic
moment of a current loop, M = NIA amp-m2 . A dipole in a
Magnetic Declination (θ): It is the angle between geographic
uniform magnetic field; Net force on dipole = 0
and the magnetic meridian planes. Declination at a place is

Torque on dipole τ = MB sin θ
expressed at θ°E or θ°W depending upon whether the north


pole of the compass needle lies to the east or to the west of the τ = M × B (vector form)



geographical axis.
Potential energy of dipole U = MB cos θ = − M .B (vector
BH θ
φ N form )
θ°W θ°E
Work done in rotating the dipole form equilibrium position
BV θ θ
Geographical (θ = 0°) through an angle θ.
Meridian B W E
Magnetic W = MB (1 − cos θ )
Meridian
S Magnetic Field: Magnetic field produced by a short magnetic
µ0 2 M
Figure: 17.2 Magnetic Declination dipole at axial position B = . (axial position)
4π r 3
Angle of Inclination or Dip (φ): It is the angle between the
µ0 M
direction of intensity of total magnetic field of earth and a At equatorial position, B =.
4π r 3
horizontal line in the magnetic meridian.
At any general point (r, θ) relative to centre of dipole
Horizontal Component of Earth's Magnetic Field (BH) µ0 M
Earth's magnetic field is horizontal only at the magnetic B= . 1 + 3cos θ
4π r 3
equator. At any other place, the total intensity can be resolved
Force between to short magnetic dipoles (magnets) at
into horizontal component (BH) and vertical component (BV).
separation r (magnetic moments M1 and M2)
Also BH = B cos φ and BV = B sin φ . Therefore Earth’s
µ0 6 M 1M 2
B When they are co-axial, B = .
magnetic field is B = BH 2 + BV 2 and tan φ = V 4π r4
BH
µ0 3M1 M 2
Isolated magnetic poles do not exist. When they are broadside on position, B = .
4π r4
Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity; its direction is M

Intensity of magnetization I = amp/meter; where V
from south to north along the axis. Repulsion is the sure test to V
distinguish between a magnet and a piece of iron. = volume.

Magnetic moment of bar-magnet M = m . 2l amp –m2 where 1

Magnetic susceptibility χ m = ; where H = magnetizing
m = pole strength in amp-m, 2l = separation between poles. H
field in A/m2
–m S +m
N
B
L = 2l

Absolute permeability, µ = Weber / Amp-meter
M H
Figure: 17.3
µ

If a rectangular bar magnet is cut in n equal parts then time
Relative permeability, µ r = = 1 + χm
µ0
1
period of each part will be times that of complete 1
n
Curie law of paramagnetic substances, χ m ∝
T
T T
magnet (i.e. T ′ = ) while for short magnet T ′ =
. If
Deflection magnetometer Tan A position (arms along E – W
n n
µ0 3Md
nothing is said then bar magnet is treated as short magnet. and magnet parallel to arms) . 2 2 2 = H tan θ
4π ( d − l )
S N Tab B position (arms long N – S and magnet perpendicular
µ0 M
S N S N S N to arms) . = H tan θ
Figure: 17.4 Broken Magnet
4π ( d 2 + l 2 )3/ 2

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 367

Vibration Magnetometer: If a small magnet is placed in A normal galvanometer measures current. But a B.G measures
magnetic meridian and vibrates in horizontal plane, the time charge due to impulse in the coil (sudden flow of charges for a
I short interval of time. A ballistic galvanometer measures the
period is T = 2π charge and its deflection is proportional to charge i.e. θ ∝ q.
MH
Where I = moment of inertia of magnet about axis of rotation When the plane of vertical circular coil is in magnetic meridian,
M 0 (l 2 + b 2 ) then i = K tan θ
I= (Where M0 = mass of magnet)
12 2rH
Where K = = reduction factor
M l 2 µ0 N
If breadth of magnet is negligible I = 0
12 r = radius of coil, H = horizontal component of earth’s

If a magnet is placed parallel to magnetic meridian and magnetic field. A tangent galvanometer is most accurate when
I its deflection is 45°.
oscillates in vertical plane T = 2π
MB2 Conversion of Galvanometer: With increase of range of

If a magnet is placed perpendicular to magnetic meridian ammeter, its resistance decreases. With the increases of range
I of voltmeter, its resistance increases. Out of voltmeter, ammeter
and oscillates in a vertical plane T = 2π and galvanometer, the resistance of voltmeter is largest and that
MV
of ammeter is smallest.

Comparison of magnetic moments; Sum and difference
M1 T12 + T22 I Ig I
method = G
M 2 T12 − T22
I-Ig
Magnetic moment of a current loop = NiA amp × m2 where S
A = area of loop, N = number of loops

Torque on a current loop in a magnetic filed τ = MB sin θ



Where θ = angle between M and B ; In vector form Ammeter


Figure: 17.6
τ = M ×B
In moving coil galvanometer, the pole pieces of a magnet
Working equation of conversion of galvanometer into
are strong and cylindrical to make the field radial S
ammeter. ig = .i
(sin θ = 1). S +G
NBA Voltmeter

Deflection of moving coil galvanometer is θ = =i G
R
C
⇒ θ ∝i ig
Where C = torsional rigidity of suspension wire. i i
θ NBA

Sensitivity of galvanometer: = Figure: 17.7
i C ig
Galvanometer:
Shunt resistance S = .G
i − ig
Tangent Galvanometer Magnetic north
Vertical coil

The resistance of ammeter so formed.
Bar magnet SG
RA = ⇒ RA < G
Pointer S +G
H1
Working equation of conversion of galvanometer into
θ V
voltmeter. ig = .i
θ H R+G
V

Series resistance R = −G
ig
Leveling legs
Resistance of voltmeter so formed is RV = R + G.
Figure: 17.5 Tangent Galvanometer

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368 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

RS given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or
Voltmeter
strength); as such it is a vector field
R0


Ohmmeter
Magnetic flux φm = BA cos θ = B. A weber
Where B = magnetic field in Tesla, A = area of loop and θ
Ammeter RG
angle between magnetic field and normal to loop.
Rp
Magnetic force on a current carrying wire Fm = Bil sin θ
G

Where θ = angle between current element iδ l and magnetic
Common

Galvanomter
field B
Figure: 17.8
Maximum force, Fm = Bil when θ = 90°.

The voltmeter is a high resistance device so that it does not

When a current carrying wire is placed parallel to direction
draw appreciable current from the circuit. A series resistor
of magnetic field, the force on the conductor is zero.
limits the current.

The ohmmeter has a voltage source to drive a small current Curl fingers as if rotating Point thumb in direction of
vector v into vector B. velocity, fingers in magnetic
through the external resistance to be measured. It contains a Thumb is the direction for field direction. Then plane
force. direction is direction of force
calibration resistor. on charge

The ammeter has a parallel resistor of very small value to S




F = qv × B
shunt most of the current away from the sensitive current South pole V
V N
of magnet
measuring element. It must carry the total current of the
circuit to be measured without appreciable voltage drop B
B q q
Hysteresis Curve: The complete cycle of magnetisation and North pole
of magnet
demagnetisation is represented by BCDEFGB. This curve is F F

known as hysteresis curve. Force is in direction that Force direction is outward

Hysteresis energy loss = Area bound by the hysteresis loop = thumb points from palm.
Figure: 17.10 Lorentz Force
VAnt Joule; Where, V = Volume of ferromagnetic sample, A =
Area of B – H loop P, n = Frequency of alternating magnetic
Magnetic Lorentz force on moving charge particle


field and t = Time Fm = qvB sin θ . Where θ = angle between velocity v and

Retentivity: When H is reduced, I reduces but is not zero



magnetic field B. Fm = v × B (vector form)
when H = 0. The remainder value OC of magnetisation



when H = 0 is called the residual magnetism or retentivity.
Lorentz force is perpendicular to both v and B. When a

Corecivity or corecive force: When magnetic field H is charged particle moves along the direction of magnetic
reversed, the magnetisation decreases and for a particular field, the magnetic force on it is zero.
value of H, denoted by Hc, it becomes zero i.e., Hc = OD
Magnetic force between charges moving with velocity v1
when I = 0. This value of H is called the corecivity. Fm v1v2
and v2 is weaker than electric force = 2
Magnetic hard substance (steel) → High corecvity Fe c
Magnetic soft substance (soft iron) → Low corecivity
Work done by magnetic force on charged particle is zero,
therefore magnetic force changes only the direction of
I or (B) I
B motion of charged particle. No magnetic force acts on a
C
A
neutral/charge less particle.
Soft
When charge q enters perpendicular to magnetic field. The
H H
D O G Iron
Steel mv 2mEk
path is circular having radius r given by r = =
E F qB qB
Where E k = kinetic energy of particle.
Figure: 17.9
2π m
A Magnetic Field is the magnetic effect of electric Time period T =
qB
currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 369

1 qB ∞
Frequency f = =
T 2π m I wire

A charged particle entering perpendicular to magnetic field
can suffer 180°C deflection if length of magnetic field ≥ a θ1
radius of path. θ2 B
I

When charge enters at angle θ = 0° or 90°, the path is helix
mv sin θ Direction of Magnetic field
having radius, r = Figure: 17.12
qB
µ 0 Ni
2π m
At its centre B = , where N = number of turns.
Pitch p = v cos θ .T = v cos θ 2a
qB
µ0 Nia 2

at its axis distance x form centre B =
Biot Savart Law: Magnetic field due to current element idl 2(a 2 + x 2 )3/ 2
Table 17.2: Biot-Savarts Law in Terms of Current Density
Vector form Biot-Savarts law in Biot-savarts law in Helmholtz Coils: A pair of Helmholtz coil is to calculate
terms of current terms of charge and magnetic field intensity B produced by each ring. If a current
density it's velocity (1) is allowed to flow through a wire of length (l), and the wire
Vectorially, In terms of current In terms of charge is bent into an arc of radius r, then the magnetic field intensity



µ i(dl × rˆ) density and it’s velocity,
dB = 0 ⋅ µ 0 Il
4π r2



µ J × r
)
µ (v
× r
) (2) at center of the arc is B =
dB = 0 dV W dB = 0 q 3 4π a 2



µ i ( dl × r ) 4π r 3 4π r
= 0 ⋅ here
q

Where µ0 = permeability of free space (8.854 × 10 −12 F / m )
4π r3

∵ idl = dl N
i idl idl dt
Direction of dB is j= = =
Coil
Coil
A Adl dV dl
Bearth
perpendicular to both

current density at any = q qv

Bsun
dl and rˆ. This is given dt
point of the element,

Bcoils
by right hand screw rule.
dV = volume of I I E
Weber/m2 or Tesla P W
element
a a
Compass
Magnetic Field due to a Straight Current Carrying
Conductor of Finite Length S
a
µ0 I
B= (sin θ1 + sin θ 2 ) Figure: 17.13
4π a 2π nI µ 0 In

For a circular coil of n turns B = or B =
For infinite length θ1 and θ 2 both are 90° 2a a × 107
Therefore sin θ1 = 1 and sin θ 2 = 1
The magnetic field at any point on axis at a distance (x)
µ0 I 2π nIa 2
⇒ B= from center of coil is B =
4π a 107 ( x 2 + a 2 )3/ 2
Magnetic Field due to a Current Carrying Circular Loop of
The rate of variation of magnetic field, Figure. Magnetic
Radius field generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils. Therefore,
A  5

dB
( )( x )
−

r= a +x2 2
y D
= −3 x  2π nia 2 2
+ a2 2

dx  
I dB cos φ 

d 2B  5 7

( ) ( )
a − −
φ dB
=  −6π nia 2 x 2 + a 2 2
− 5x2 x2 + a 2 2

dB sin φ dx 2 
x φ 
O dB ′ sin φ
φ x
d 2B dB
φ 

From which, x = ± a , if = 0 or = constant.
2 dx 2 dx
dB ′ cos φ dB′
dB
Thus at point x = ± a = constant
from center of coil,
r = a2 + x2 y' D’ 2 dx
B
We observe that in figure, the rate of increase of field due to
Figure: 17.11
one coil at midpoint between the coils is equal to the rate of

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370 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

decrease of field due to the other at the same point. Therefore if Magnetic Field due to Current in Toroid: B = µ 0 ni
one moves away along the axis from the midpoint, any
I
diminution in the intensity of the field due to one coil is
compensated by the increase in the field due to the other so that
the field between the coils is practically uniform.
b
B
Magnetic Field due to Current Carrying Circular arc a B
µ0 θ i r
B= .
4π r

Figure: 17.16

Force between the Parallel Current Carrying Wires

θ r
When two long straight conductors carrying currents i1 and i2
O
placed parallel to each other at a distance ‘a’ from each other.
Figure: 17.14 A mutual force act between them when is given as
Table: 17.3: Concentric Circular Loops (N = 1) µ 0 2i1i2
F1 = F2 = F = ⋅ ×l
Coplanar Non coplanar 4π a
Current in same Current in opposite Plane of both coils are
direction direction perpendicular to each other
µ0 µ0 B= B12 + B22
B1 = 2π i B2 = 2π i i1 i2
4π 4π
µ0
1 1 1 1  = i +i 2
1
2
2
 +   +  2r
 r1 r2   r1 r2 
i i a
B2
i i i1
r2 r2 (1)
r1 r1 Figure: 17.17 Force between Two Parallel Current Carrying Conductors

B1
Where l is the length of that portion of the conductor on which
i2
(2)
force is to be calculated.
B1  r2 + r1  F µ 0 2i1i2
= 
B 2  r2 − r1  Hence force per unit length = ⋅
l 4π a
N F 2i1i2 dyne
or =
m l a cm
Magnetic Field due to a Solenoid: When solenoid having n
number of turns/metre and carrying current i. Parallel currents attract while antiparallel currents repel.
I1 I2 I1

d
d
S N
B B1 B1

i Solenoid i


B2 B2

Figure: 17.15





µ ni F1 F2 F1 F2

For finite length of solenoid B = 0 (cos α − cos β )
2
I2

For infinite length B = µ 0 ni
Figure: 17.18

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 371

Direction of Force: If conductors carries current in same enough energy to carry out nuclear disintegration etc. t is based
direction, then force between them will be attractive. If on the fact that the electric field accelerates a charged particle
conductor carries current in opposite direction, then force and the magnetic field keeps it revolving in circular orbits of
between them will be repulsive. constant frequency.
1 2 1 2
• • × × × × × ×
i1 i2 i1 i2 Cyclotron is used to accelerate charged particles (+) or (–) by
• • × × × × × ×
means of magnetic field.
• • × × × × × ×
qB
F1 F2 F1 F2 Frequency f = and
• • × × × × × × 2π m
• • × × × × × ×
q2 B2 R2
• • × × × × × × Energy E = ; where R is the radius of Dee.
2m
Figure: 17.19 Direction of Force
Electromagnet
Note
(north pole )
F
If a = 1m and in free space = 2 × 10 −7 N / m then Acceleration gap
l
Hallow electrope Particle’s path
i1 = i2 = 1Amp in each identical wire. By this concept S.I. unit
chambers
of Ampere is defined. This is known as Ampere’s law.
Charged particle

Ampere’s Circuital Law: Target

The line integration of magnetic field B around the circular

Alternating current
path in vacuum is equal to µ0 times the total current I threading source
Electromagnet (south pole)
the closed path.


Figure: 17.21 Cyclotron
∫ B. dt = µ0i
Note
where i = current enclosed by path.

Cyclotron frequency is also known as magnetic resonance
loop frequency.
i1

Cyclotron cannot accelerate electrons because they have

very small mass.

θ
B
i3
ds
Table 17.4: Ratio of Radii of Path Described by Proton and α-particle in a
× i2
Direction of Magnetic Field (particle enters perpendicular to the field)
integration Constant Formula Ratio of radii Ratio of
Figure: 17.20 quantity curvature (3)
mv m
v-same r= ⇒r∝ rp : rα = 1 : 2 c p : cR = 2 : 1
Magnetic Field through Cylinder: qB q
Magnetic field due to solid current carrying cylindrical p 1
p-same r= ⇒r∝ rp : rα = 2 : 1 c p : cR = 1 : 2
conductor at distance r form axis is qB q

µi 2mk m

Inside B = 0 2 ( r < R ) r= ⇒r∝ rp : rα = 1 : 1 c p : cR = 1 : 1
2π R k-same qB q
µi

Outside B = 0 ( r > R )
2π R m rp : rα = 1 : 2 c p : cR = 2 : 1
V-same r∝
q
Note
Magnetic filed within a hollow current carrying conductor is Hall Effect: The Phenomenon of producing a transverse emf in
zero a current carrying conductor on applying a magnetic field
perpendicular to the direction of the current is called Hall
Cyclotron: Cyclotron is a device used to accelerated positively
effect. It helps us to know the nature and number of charge
charged particles (like, α-particles, deutrons etc.) to acquire carriers in a conductor.

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372 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 7. Two identical bar magnets with a length 10 cm and weight
Bar Magnet 50 gm – weight are arranged freely with their like poles
facing in a arranged vertical glass tube. The upper magnet
1. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field
hangs in the air above the lower one so that the distance
requires W units of work to turn it through 60°. The torque
between the nearest pole of the magnet is 3mm. Pole
required to maintain the needle in this position will be:
strength of the poles of each magnet will be:
a. 3W b. −W
S
3 N
c. W d. 2W
2 N
S
2. An iron rod of length L and magnetic moment M is bent in
the form of a semicircle. Now it’s magnetic moment will
be: a. 6.64 amp × m b. 2 amp × m
2M c. 10.25 amp × m d. None of these
a. M b.
π Earth’s Magnetic Field (Terrestrial Magnetism)
M 8. If the angles of dip at two places are 30° and 45°
c. d. M π
π respectively. Then the ratio of horizontal components of
3. A short bar magnet with its north pole facing north forms earth's magnetic field at the two places will be:
a neutral point at P in the horizontal plane. It the magnet a. 3 : 2 b. 1 : 2
is rotated by 90° in the horizontal plane, the net magnetic c. 1 : 3 d. 1 : 2
induction at P is: (Horizontal component of earth's
magnetic field = BH) 9. Earth's magnetic field may be supposed to be due to a
a. 0 b. 2 BH small bar magnet located at the centre of the earth. If the
magnetic field at a point on the magnetic equator is
5
c. BH d. 5 BH 0.3 × 10 −4 T . Magnet moment of bar magnet is:
2
N Magnetic
4. A magnet of magnetic moment 20 C.G.S. units is freely equator
suspended in a uniform magnetic field of intensity 0.3
C.G.S. units. The amount of work done in deflecting it by
R
an angle of 30° in C.G.S. units is:
S
a. 6 b. 3 3
a. 7.8 ×10 amp × m
8 2
b. 7.8 ×1022 amp × m2
c. 3(2 − 3) d. 3
c. 6.4 ×10 amp × m
22 2
d. None of these
5. The magnetic field at a point X on the axis of a small bar
magnet is equal to the field at a point Y on the equator of Tangent Law and its Application
the same magnet. The ratio of the distance of X and Y 10. Two magnets are held together in a vibration
from the centre of the magnet is: magnetometer and are allowed to oscillate in the earth's
a. 2 −3 b. 2 −1/ 3 magnetic field. With like poles together 12 oscillations per
c. 2 3
d. 21/ 3 minute are made but for unlike poles together only 4
oscillations per minute are executed. The ratio of their
6. A bar magnet with its poles 25cm apart and of pole
magnetic moments is:
strength 24 amp × m rests with its centre on a frictionless
a. 3 : 1 b. 1 : 3
pivot. A force F is applied on the magnet at a distance of
c. 3 : 5 d. 5 : 4
12 cm from the pivot so that it is held in equilibrium at an
angle of 30° with respect to a magnetic field of induction 11. A magnet makes 40 oscillations per minute at a place
0.25 T. The value of force F is: having magnetic field intensity BH = 0.1×10−5. At another
a. 5.62 N b. 2.56 N place, it takes 2.5 sec to complete one-vibration. The
c. 6.52 N d. 6.25 N value of earth's horizontal field at that place:

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 373

−6 −6
a. 0.25 × 10 T b. 0.36 × 10 T 19. Find the position of point from wire 'B' where net
c. 0.66 × 10 T −8 −6
d. 1.2 × 10 T magnetic field is zero due to following current
distribution:
12. When 2 amp current is passed through a tangent A B
galvanometer, it gives a deflection of 30°. For 60°
5i 2i
deflection, the current must be: 6cm
a. 1 amp. b. 2 3 amp. 30
a. 4 cm b. cm
c. 4 amp. d. 6 amp. 7
13. In vibration magnetometer the time period of suspended 12
c. cm d. 2 cm
bar magnet can be reduced by: 7
a. Moving it towards South Pole 20. Find out the magnitude of the magnetic field at point P
b. Moving it towards North Pole due to following current distribution:
c. Moving it toward equator i
d. Anyone them r B
a
14. A certain amount of current when flowing in a properly
θ
set tangent galvanometer produces a deflection of 45°. If M
θ
P

a
the current be reduced by a factor of 3, the deflection r B
would: i
a. Decrease by 30° b. Decreases by 15°
µ0 ia µ0 ia 2
c. Increase by 15° d. Increase by 30° a. b.
π r2 πr
15. The angle of dip at a place is 60°. A magnetic needle µ0 ia 2µ0 ia
oscillates in a horizontal plane at this place with period T. c. d.
2π r 2 π r2
The same needle will oscillate in a vertical plane
coinciding with the magnetic meridian with a period: 21. A straight section PQ of a circuit lies along the X-axis
a. T b. 2T a a
from x = − to x = and carries a steady current i. The
2 2
T T
c. d. magnetic field due to the section PQ at a point X = + a
2 2
will be:
Magnetic Materials a. Proportional to a b. Proportional to a 2
16. The coereivity of a small bar magnet is 4 × 103 Amp/m. It 1
c. Proportional to d. Zero
is inserted inside a solenoid of 500 turns and length 1 m to a
demagnetise it. The amount of current to be passed 22. A wire in the form of a square of side a carries a current i.
through the solenoid will be: Then the magnetic induction at the centre of the square
a. 2.5 A b. 5 A wire is: (Magnetic permeability of free space = µ0)
c. 8 A d. 10 A
17. The units for molar susceptibility: i
a. m3 b. kg-m–3
–1 3 O
c. kg m d. No units
Application of Biot-Savarts Law
18. The magnetic moment of a current carrying loop is a
−25
2.1×10 amp × m . The magnetic field at a point on its
2
µ0 i µ0 i 2
a. b.
axis at a distance of 1 Å is: 2π a πa
a. 4.2 ×10−2 weber / m2 b. 4.2 ×10−3 weber / m2 2 2 µ0i µ0 i
c. d.
−4
c. 4.2 ×10 weber / m 2 −5
d. 4.2 ×10 weber / m 2
πa 2π a

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374 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

23. Two parallel, long wires carry currents i1 and i2 with 27. Figure shows a straight wire of length l current i. The
i1 > i2 . when the currents are in the same direction, the magnitude of magnetic field produced by the current at
magnetic field at a point midway between the wires is 10 point P is:
l
µT. If the direction of i2 is reversed, the field becomes P
i
30µT. The ratio i1 / i2 is:
a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1 l

24. Two infinite length wires carries currents 8A and 6A

respectively and placed along X and Y-axis. Magnetic
2µ0i µ0 i
field at a point P (0, 0, d ) m will be: a. b.
Y
πl 4π l
P (0, 0, d)
B2 2 µ0 i µ0 i
B1 c. d.
 8π l 2 2π l
6A
X 28. A cell is connected between the points A and C of a
8A  circular conductor ABCD of centre 'O' with angle AOC =
7 µ0 10µ0 60°, If B 1 and B 2 are the magnitudes of the magnetic
a. b.
πd πd
fields at O due to the currents in ABC and ADC
14µ0 5µ 0 respectively, the ratio B1 / B2 is:
c. d.
πd πd
i1
25. An equilateral triangle of side 'a' carries a current i then B
300o
find out the magnetic field at point P which is vertex of O
triangle: 60o
P A C
i2 D

i i 1A

a a. 0.2 b. 6 c. 1 d. 5

µ0 i µ0 i 29. The earth’s magnetic field at a given point is

a. ⊗ b. 
2 3π a 2 3π a 0.5 ×10−5Wb-m−2 . This field is to be annulled by magnetic
induction at the center of a circular conducting loop of
2 3µ 0 i
c.  d. Zero radius 5.0cm. The current required to be flown in the loop
πa
is nearly:
26. Figure shows a square loop ABCD with edge length a. a. 0.2 A b. 0.4A c. 4A d. 40A
The resistance of the wire ABC is r and that of ADC is 2r.
30. In the figure shown there are two semicircles of radii
The value of magnetic field at the centre of the loop
r1 and r2 in which a current i is flowing. The magnetic
assuming uniform wire is:
B induction at the centre O will be:

A C r1
O
i i
O
r2
D

2 µ0 i 2 µ0 i µ0i µ0i
a.  b. ⊗ a. (r1 + r2 ) b. (r1 − r2 )
3π a 3π a r 4
2 µ0 i 2 µ0 i µ0i  r1 + r2  µ0i  r2 − r1 
c.  d. ⊗ c.   d.  
πa πa 4  r1r2  4  r1r2 

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 375

Application of Amperes Law −3 2 3 2
a. 10 Wb / m b. 10 Wb / m
31. The average radius of a toroid made on a ring of non- c. 105 Wb / m2 d. 1016 Wb / m2
magnetic material is 0.1 m and it has 500 turns. If it
carries 0.5 ampere current, then the magnetic field 37. A particle of mass m and charge q moves with a constant
produced along its circular axis inside the toroid will be: velocity v along the positive x direction. It enters a region
containing a uniform magnetic field B directed along the
a. 25 ×10−2 Tesla b. 5 ×10−2 Tesla
negative z direction extending from x = a to x = b. The
c. 25 ×10−4 Tesla d. 5 ×10−4 Tesla
minimum value of v required so that the particle can just
32. For the solenoid shown in figure. The magnetic field at enter the region x > b is:
point P is: a. qb B/m b. q (b – a) B/m
n turn c. qa B/m d. q (b + a) B/2m

30o 60o 38. A proton of mass 1.67 ×10−27 kg and charge 1.6 ×10−19 C is
P
projected with a speed of .2 ×106 m / s at an angle of 60°

3µ0 ni to the X-axis. If a uniform magnetic field of 0.104 Tesla is

µ0 ni
a. ( 3 + 1) b. applied along Y-axis, the path of proton is:
4 4
µ0 ni µ0 ni a. A circle of radius = 0.2 m and time period π ×10−7 s
c. ( 3 + 1) d. ( 3 − 1)
2 4 b. A circle of radius = 0.1 m and time period 2π ×10−7 s

33. A proton of energy 200 MeV enters the magnetic field of 5 c. A helix of radius = 0.1 m and time period 2π ×10−7 s
T. If direction of field is from south to north and motion is d. A helix of radius = 0.2 m and time period 4π ×10−7 s
upward, the force acting on it will be:
39. Two very long straight, particle wires carry steady
a. Zero b. 1.6 ×10−10 N currents i and – i respectively. The distance between
c. 3.2 ×10−8 N d. 1.6 ×10−6 N the wires is d. At a certain instant of time, a point
charge q is at a point equidistant from the two wires, in
Cyclotron

34. A particle with 10–11 coulomb of charge and 10–7 kg mass the plane of the wires. It's instantaneous velocity v is
is moving with a velocity of 108 m/s along the y-axis. A perpendicular to this plane. The magnitude of the force
uniform static magnetic field B = 0.5 Tesla is acting along due to the magnetic field acting on the charge at this
the x-direction. The force on the particle is: instant is:
µ0iqv µ0iqv
a. 5 × 10–11 N along î a. b.
2π d πd
b. 5 × 103 N along k̂
2 µ0 iqv
c. d. Zero
c. 5 × 10–11 N along − ˆj πd
d. 5 × 10–4 N along − k̂ 40. A metallic block carrying current i is subjected to a
uniform magnetic induction B as shown in the figure. The
35. An electron is moving along positive x-axis. To get it
moving charges experience a force F given by …….
moving on an anticlockwise circular path in x-y plane, a
which results in the lowering of the potential of the face
magnetic field is applied:
……. Assume the speed of the carriers to be v :
a. Along positive y-axis b. Along positive z-axis Y


c. Along negative y-axis d. Along negative z-axis B

36. A particle of charge −16 ×10−18 coulomb moving with E G

velocity 10 m/s along the x-axis enters a region where a F
A H X
magnetic field of induction B is along the y-axis, and an B
electric field of magnitude 104 V/m is along the negative z-

I
axis. If the charged particle continuous moving along the C

x-axis, the magnitude of B is: D

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376 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

Y
a. eVBkˆ, ABCD b. eVBkˆ, ABCD ⊗


i Fm
c. −eVBkˆ, ABCD d. −eVBkˆ, EFGH

41. A current carrying circular loop is freely suspended by a X

long thread. The plane of the loop will point in the
direction:
a. Wherever left free a. Contract b. Expand
b. North-south c. Move towards + ve x-axis d. Move towards – ve x-axis
c. East-west
45. Current i flows through a long conducting wire bent at
d. At 45° with the east-west direction
right angle as shown in figure. The magnetic field at a
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in Magnetic Field point P on the right bisector of the angle XOY at a distance
r from O is:
42. Wires 1 and 2 carrying currents t1 and t2 respectively
Y
are inclined at an angle θ to each other. What is the
P
force on a small element dl of wire 2 at a distance of r
i
from 1 (as shown in figure) due to the magnetic field of r

wire 1:
45o
O X
 
µ0i 2 µ0 i
a. b.
i1
i2 πr πr
r
µ0 i µ0 2i
dl c. ( 2 + 1) d. . ( 2 + 1)
θ 4π r 4π r
46. A long wire A carries a current of 10 amp. Another long
µ0 µ0
a. i1 , i2 dl tan θ b. i1 , i2 dl sin θ wire B, which is parallel to A and separated by 0.1m from
2π r 2π r
A, carries a current of 5amp. in the opposite direction to
µ0 µ0 that in A. What is the magnitude and nature of the force
c. i1 , i2 dl cos θ d. i1 , i2 dl sin θ
2π r 4π r
experienced per unit length of B [µ0 = 4π ×10−7 weber/amp
43. A conductor PQRSTU, each side of length L, bent as – m]
shown in the figure, carries a current i and is placed in a a. Repulsive force of 10−4 N / m
uniform magnetic induction B directed parallel to the
b. Attractive force of 10−4 N / m
positive Y-axis. The force experience by the wire and its
direction are: c. Repulsive force of 2π ×10−5 N / m
Z R d. Attractive force of 2π × 10 −5 N / m


B 47. An infinitely long, straight conductor AB is fixed and a
i
current is passed through it. Another movable straight
S Q P
wire CD of finite length and carrying current is held
Y perpendicular to it and released. Neglect weight of the
T
U wire:
X
A
a. 2iBL directed along the negative Z-axis i1
b. 5iBL directed along the positive Z-axis
c. iBL direction along the positive Z-axis
C D i2
d. 2iBL directed along the positive Z-axis
B
44. A conducting loop carrying a current i is placed in a
uniform magnetic field pointing into the plane of the a. The rod CD will move upwards parallel to itself
paper as shown. The loop will have a tendency to: b. The rod CD will move downward parallel to itself

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 377

c. The rod CD will move upward and turn clockwise at the 52. A dip circle is taken to geomagnetic equator. The needle
same time is allowed to move in a vertical plane perpendicular to the
d. The rod CD will move upward and turn anti –clockwise magnetic meridian. Which of the following statements
at the same time is/are not correct?
a. The needle will stay in a horizontal direction only
48. Three long, straight and parallel wires carrying currents
b. The needle will stay in vertical direction only
are arranged as shown in the figure. The wire C which
c. The needle will stay in any direction except vertical and
carries a current of 5.0 amp is so placed that it experiences
horizontal
no force. The distance of wire C from wire D is then:
d. The needle will stay in any direction it is released
D C B
53. To measure the magnetic moment of a bas magnet, one
15A 5A 10A may use:
a. a tangent galvanometer
x (15–x) b. a deflection galvanometer if the earth’s horizontal field
15cm is known
a. 9 cm b. 7 cm c. an oscillation magnetometer if the earth’s horizontal
c. 5 cm d. 3 cm field is known
d. both deflection and oscillation magnetometer if the
Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole
earth’s horizontal field is not known
49. A coil of 50 turns is situated in a magnetic field b =
54. Consider a magnetic dipole kept in the north south
0.25weber/m2 as shown in figure. A current of 2A is
direction. Suppose A1 , A2, B1, B2 be the four points at the
flowing in the coil. Torque acting on the coil will be:

same distance from the dipole towards north, south, east
B
A B and west of the dipole respectively. The directions of the
magnetic field due to the dipole are the same at:
12 cm

N S a. A1 and A2 b. B1 and B2
c. A1 and B1 d. A2 and B2
C D
10 cm
55. Which of the following statement (s) is/are correct?
a. 0.15 N b. 0.3 N
a. Diamagnetism occurs in all materials
c. 0.45 N d. 0.6 N
b. Diamagnetism is produced due to partial alignment of
50. The coil of a galvanometer consists of 100 turns and permanent magnetic dipoles
effective area of 1 square cm. The restoring couple is 10– 8 c. The magnetic field of induced magnetic moment is
N-m rad. The magnetic field between the pole pieces is 5 opposite to the applied field
T. The current sensitivity of this galvanometer will be: d. Ferromagnetism is produced due to formation of a large
a. 5 × 104 rad/µ amp b. 5 × 10– 6 per amp number of small effective regions in the material, called
c. 2 × 10– 7 per amp d. 5 rad /µ amp domains and their alignment in external magnetic field
56. When a ferromagnetic material goes through a hysteresis
NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
the magnetic susceptibility:
More than one Answer a. has a fixed value b. may be zero
c. may be infinity d. may be negative
51. A micro-ammeter has a resistance of 100 Ω and a full
scale range of 50 µA. It can be used as a voltmeter or as a 57. Two coaxial solenoids 1 and 2 of the same length are set
high range ammeter provided resistance is added to it. so that one is inside the other. The number of turns per
Pick the correct range and resistance combination: unit length are n1 and n2 . The currents i1 and i2 are
a. 50 V range and 10 KΩ resistance in series flowing in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside
b. 10 V range and 20 KΩ resistance in series the inner coil is zero. This is possible when:
c. 5 mA range with 1 Ω resistance in parallel a. i1 ≠ i2 and n1 = n2 b. i1 = i2 and n1 ≠ n2
d. 10 mA range with 1 Ω resistance in parallel c. i1 = i2 and n1 = n2 d. i1n1 = i2 n2

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378 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

+ + ++ 62. Which of the following statement is (are) correct in the
58. H , He and O ions having same kinetic energy pass
through a region of space filled with uniform magnetic given figure?
C
field B directed perpendicular to the velocity of ions. The B
masses of the ions H + , He + and O ++ are respectively in the l1
l2
ratio 1: 4 :16. As a result: O O′
a. H+ ions will be deflected most
b. O ++ ions will be deflected least
A
c. He+ and O ++ ions will suffer same deflection D
d. All ions will suffer the same deflection a. net force on the loop is zero
b. net torque on the loop is zero
59. A particle of charge +q and mass m moving under the
c. loop will rotate clockwise about axis OO’when seen
influence of a uniform electric field Eiˆ and a uniform
from O
magnetic field Bkˆ follows trajectory from P to Q as shown d. loop will rotate anticlockwise about axis OO’ when
in figure. The velocities at P and Q are viˆ and seen from O
−2vjˆ respectively. Which of the following statement(s) 63. A particle of mass m and charge q, moving with velocity v
is/are correct? enters Region II normal to the boundary as shown in the
Y figure. Region II has a uniform magnetic field B



v E perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The length of the
P
Region II is l . Choose the correct choice (s).
a
Region I Region II Region III

Q
X
2a
2v 0
v
2
3 mv
a. E =
4 qa
3 mv 3 a. The particle enters Region III only if its velocity
b. Rate of work done by electric field at P is
4 a qlB
v>
c. Rate of work done by electric field at P is zero m
d. Rate of work done by both the fields at Q is zero b. The particle enters Region III only if its velocity
qlB
60. A proton moving with a constant velocity passes through v<
a region of space without any change in any change in its m
velocity. If E and B represent the electric and magnetic c. Path length of the particle in Region II is maximum
fields respectively. Then, this region of space may have: qlB
when velocity v =
a. E = 0, B = 0 b. E = 0, B ≠ 0 m
c. E ≠ 0, B = 0 d. E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0 d. Time spent in Region II is same for any velocity v as
long as the particle returns to Region I
61. H + , He + and O 2+ all having the same kinetic energy pass
64. An electron and proton are moving on straight parallel
through a region in which there is a uniform magnetic
paths with same velocity. They enter a semi-infinite
field perpendicular to their velocity. The masses of H, He+
region of uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the
and O 2 + are 1amu, 4amu and 16amu respectively. Then:
velocity. Which of the following statement (s) is/are true?
a. H + will be deflected most
a. They will never come out of the magnetic field region
b. O2+ will be deflected most b. They will come out travelling along parallel paths
c. He + and O 2+ will be deflected equally c. They will come out at the same time
d. all will be deflected equally d. They will come out at different times

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 379

65. A particle of mass M and positive charge Q, moving with Assertion and Reason
a constant velocity υ1 = 4iˆ ms −1 , enters a region of uniform Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully to mark
static magnetic field normal to the x-y plane. The region the correct option out of the options given below:
of the magnetic field extends from x = 0 to x = L for all a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
values of y. after passing through this region, the particle correct explanation of the assertion.
emerges on the other side after 10 milliseconds with a b. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of the assertion.
velocity υ2 = 2( 3iˆ + ˆj ) ms −1. The correct statements (s) is
c. If assertion is true but reason is false.
(are) d. If the assertion and reason both are false.
a. the direction of the magnetic field is –z direction. e. If assertion is false but reason is true.
b. the direction of the magnetic field is +z direction.
69. Assertion: A compass needle when placed on the
50π M
c. the magnitude of the magnetic field is units magnetic north pole of the earth rotates in vertical
3Q
direction.
100π M
d. the magnitude of the magnetic field is units Reason: The earth has only horizontal component of its
3Q
magnetic field at the north poles.
66. Consider the motion of a positive point charge in a region 70. Assertion: The tangent galvanometer can be made more
where there are simultaneous uniform electric and sensitive by increasing the number of turns of its coil.
magnetic fields E = E0 ˆj and B = B0 ˆj. At time t = 0, this Reason: Current through galvanometer is proportional to
charge has velocity v in the x-y plane, making an angle the number of turns of coil.
θ with the x-axis. Which of the following options (s) is 71. Assertion: The ferromagnetic substance do not obey
(are) correct for time t > 0? Curie’s law.
a. If θ = 0°, the charge moves in a circular path in the x-z Reason: At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start
plane behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
b. If θ = 0°, the charge undergoes helical motion with
72. Assertion: The properties of paramagnetic and
constant pith along the y-axis
ferromagnetic substance are not effected by heating.
c. If θ = 10°, the charge undergoes helical motion with its Reason: As temperature rises, the alignment of molecular
pith increasing with time, along the y-axis magnets gradually decreases.
d. If θ = 90°, the charge undergoes linear but accelerated
73. Assertion: Reduction factor (K) of a tangent
motion along the y-axis.
galvanometer helps in reducing deflection to current.
67. The radius of curvature of the path of a charged particle Reason: Reduction factor increases with increase of
moving in a static uniform magnetic field is current.
a. Directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge on
74. Assertion: The susceptibility of diamagnetic materials
the particle
does not depend upon temperature.
b. Directly proportional to the magnitude of the linear
Reason: Every atom of a diamagnetic material is not a
momentum of the particle
complete magnet in itself.
c. Directly proportional to the kinetic energy of the
particle 75. Assertion: If an electron is not deflected while passing
d. Inversely proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic through a certain region of space, then only possibility is
field that there is no magnetic region.
Reason: Force is directly proportional to the magnetic
68. The current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer can
field applied.
be increased by
a. Increasing the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 76. Assertion: Free electron always keep on moving in a
b. Increasing the area of the deflecting coil conductor even then no magnetic force act on them in
c. Increasing the number of turns in the coil magnetic field unless a current is passed through it.
d. Increasing the restoring couple of the coil Reason: The average velocity of free electron is zero.

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380 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

77. Assertion: The ion cannot move with a speed beyond a L b
Length of each part L ' = , breadth of each part b ' = ,
certain limit in a cyclotron. n n
Reason: As velocity increases time taken by ion increases.
w m
Mass of each part w ' = , pole strength of each part m ' = ,
78. Assertion: The coil is bound over the metallic frame in n n
moving coil galvanometer. m L M
Magnetic moment of each part M ' = m ' L' = × =
Reason: The metallic frame help in making steady n n n
deflection without any oscillation.
85. A long magnet is cut in two parts in such a way that the
79. Assertion: A circular loop carrying current lies in XY ratio of their lengths is 2 : 1. The ratio of pole strengths of
plane with its center at origin having a magnetic flux in both the section is:
negative Z-axis.
a. Equal b. In the ratio of 2 : 1
Reason: Magnetic flux direction is independent of the
c. In the ratio of 1 : 2 d. In the ratio of 4 : 1
direction of current in the conductor.
86. A long magnetic needle of length 2L, magnetic moment M
80. Assertion: The energy of charged particle moving in a
and pole strength m units is broken into two pieces at the
uniform magnetic field does not change.
middle. The magnetic moment and pole strength of each
Reason: Work done by magnetic field on the charge is zero.
piece will be:
81. Assertion: If an electron, while coming vertically from M m m
outer space, enter the earth's magnetic field, it is deflected a. , b. M ,
2 2 2
towards west. M
Reason: Electron has negative charge. c. ,m d. M,m
2
82. Assertion: A direct current flows through a metallic rod, Paragraph –II
produced magnetic field only outside the rod. Electrical resistance of certain materials, know as
Reason: There is no flow of charge carriers inside the rod. superconductors, changes abruptly from a non-zero value to
83. Assertion: If a charged particle is moving on a circular zero as their temperature is lowered below a critical
path in a perpendicular magnetic field, the momentum of temperature TC (0). An interesting property of superconductors
the particle is not changing,. is that their critical temperature becomes smaller than TC (0) if
Reason: Velocity of the particle in not changing in the
they are placed in a magnetic field i.e., the critical temperature
magnetic field.
TC ( B) is a function of the magnetic field strength B. the
84. Assertion: If a proton and an α-particle enter a uniform
dependence of TC ( B ) on B is shown in the figure.
magnetic field perpendicularly, with the same speed, then
the time period of revolution of the α-particle is double Tc (B )

Tc (0 )
than that of proton.
Reason: In a magnetic field, the time period of revolution
of a charged particle is directly proportional to mass.
Comprehension Based O B

Paragraph –I 87. In the graphs below, the resistance R of a superconductor

Suppose we have a rectangular bar magnet having length, is shown as a function of its temperature T for two
breadth and mass are L, b and w respectively if it is cut in n different magnetic fields B1 (solid line) and B2 (dashed
equal parts along the length as well as perpendicular to the line). If B2 is larger than B1 , which of the following
length simultaneously as shown in the figure then graphs shows the correct variation of R with T in these
fields?
R R
b B2
B2
b′
a. b. B1
B1
L′
L T T
O O

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 381

R R Match the Column
B1
c. d. 91. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II:
B1 B2 B2 Column I Column II
T T (A) A The magnetism of 1. Attracts only
O O
magnet is due to magnetic substances
88. A superconductor has When a magnetic field of 7.5 Tesla
(B) Magnetic induction is a 2. Are always closed
is applied, its decreases to 75 K. for this material one can
(C) Magnetic lines of force 3. Vector quantity
definitely say that when: (Note T = Tesla)
(D) A permanent magnet 4. Magnetic induction
a. B = 5T , TC ( B ) = 80 K
force acting on a unit
b. B = 10T , TC ( B ) = 70 K
magnetic pole
c. B = 10T ,75K < TC ( B ) < 100 K a. A → 4, B → 3, C → 2, D → 1
d. B = 10 T , TC ( B ) = 70 K b. A → 2, B → 4, C → 3, D → 1
Paragraph –III c. A → 1, B → 3, C → 2, D → 4
The figure shows a circular loop of radius a with two long d. A → 4, B → 1, C → 3, D → 2
parallel wires (numbered 1 and 2) all in the plane of the paper. 92. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II:
The distance of each wire from the centre of the loop is d. The
Column I Column II
loop and the wires are carrying the same current I. The current in
(A) Magnetic field intensity is 1. The spin motion of
the loop is in the counter-clockwise direction if seen from above.
defined as electron
Q S
(B) Which of the following, 2. Steel
the most suitable material
Wire 1 d d Wire 2
for making permanent
magnet is
(C) In the case of bar magnet, 3. Run continuously
P R lines of magnetic through the bar and
induction outside
89. When d ≈ a but wires are not touching the loop, it is
(D) A sensitive magnetic 4. Soft iron of high
found that the net magnetic field on the axis of the loop is instrument can be shielded permeability
zero at a height h above the loop. In the case: very effectively from
a. current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and RS,
outside magnetic fields by
respectively and h ≈ a. placing it inside a box of
b. current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and SR
a. A → 4, B → 3, C → 2, D → 1
respectively and h ≈ a.
b. A → 2, B → 4, C → 3, D → 1
c. current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and SR,
c. A → 1, B → 2, C → 3, D → 4
respectively and h ≈ 1.2a.
d. A → 4, B → 1, C → 3, D → 2
d. current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and RS,
respectively and h ≈ 1.2a. 93. Column I fives certain situations in which a straight
90. Consider d >> a, and the loop is rotated about its diameter metallic wire of resistance R is used and Colum II gives
some resulting effects. Match the statements in Column I
parallel to the wires by 30° from the position shown in the
with the statements in Column II:
figure. If the currents in the wires are in the opposite
directions, the torque on the loop at its new position will Column I Column II
be (assume that the net field due to the wires is constant (A) A charged capacitor is 1. A constant current
over the loop): connected to the ends of flows through the
the wire wire
µ0 I 2 a 2 µ0 I 2 a 2
a. b. (B) The wire is moved 2. Thermal energy is
d 2d
perpendicular to its length generated in the
3µ0 I 2 a 2 3µ0 I 2 a 2
c. d. with a constant velocity in wire
d 2d

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382 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

a uniform magnetic field a. A → 1; B → 3,4; C → 4; D → 2,3
perpendicular to the plane b. A → 2,3; B → 1; C → 2,3; D → 2,4 or 2
of motion c. A → 2; B → 3,4; C → 4; D → 1,2,
(C) The wire is placed in a 3. A constant potential d. A → 3,4; B → 2; C → 4; D → 1,2,3
constant electric field that difference develops
Integer
has a direction along the between the ends of
length of the wire the wire 95. A length of wire carries a steady current I. It is bent first
(D) A battery of constant emf 4. Charges of constant to form a circular plane coil of one turn. The same length
is connected to the ends of magnitude appear at is now best more sharply to give double loop of smaller
the wire the ends of the wire radius. If the same current I is passed, the ratio of the
a. A → 1, B → 3,4, C → 4, D → 2,3 magnitude of magnetic field at the centre with its first
value is:
b. A → 2, B → 4 C → 4, D → 1,2,3
c. A → 3,4 B → 2 C → 4, D → 1,2,3 96. A galvanometer has a sensitivity of 60 divisions / ampere.
d. A → 2, B → 3,4 C → 4, D → 1,2,3 When a shunt is used its sensitivity becomes 10 divisions /
ampere. Wheat is the value of shunt (in ohm) used if the
94. Two wires each carrying a steady current I are shown in
resistance of the galvanometer is 20 Ω :
four consignations in Column I. Some of the resulting
effects are described in Column II. Match the statements 97. The coercivity of a bar magnet is 120 A/m. it is to be
in Column I with the statements in Column II: demagnetized by placing it inside a solenoid of length 120
Column I Column II cm and number of turns 72. The current (in A) flowing
(A) Point P is situated midway 1. The magnetic through the solenoid is:
between the wires. fields b. at P due to 98. There are two infinite long parallel straight current
the currents in the carrying wires, A and B separated by a distance r (Fig.).
P
wires are in the The current in each wire is I. The ratio of magnitude of
same direction. magnetic field at points P and Q when points P and Q lie
(B) Point P is situated at the 2. The magnetic in the plane of wires is:
mid-point of the line joining fields b. at P due to A B
the centres of the circular the currents in the I
wires, which have same wires are in opposite
radii. direction. P Q
r

I
P
r

99. A length of wire carries a steady current I. It is bent first

(C) Point P is situated at the 3. There is no to form a circular plane coil of one turn. The same length
mid-point of the line joining magnetic field at P. is now bent more sharply to give double loop of smaller
the centres of the circular radius. If the same current I is passed, the ratio of the
wires, which have same magnitude of magnetic field at the centre with its first
radii. value is:
P
P a
O
(D) Point P is situated at the 4. The wires repel
common centre of the wire. each other.
2a

p 100. A current 1 amp is flowing in the sides of an equilateral

triangle of side 4.5×10–2m. The magnetic field at the
centorid of the triangle in the units of (10–5) is:

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 383

ANSWER Finally
N BH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
a b d c d d a a b d
W E S N Ba
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. P
b d c b d c a a c a
S
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Point P comes on axial line of the magnet and at P, net
d c c d b b c c b c
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
magnetic field
d a b d a b b b d c B = BH2 + Ba2 = (2 Be)2 + ( BH )2
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
c c c b d a c a b d = (2 BH ) 2 + BH2 = 5 BH
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
b,c a,b,c b,c,d a,b a,c,d b,c,d c,d a,c a,b,d a,b,d 4. (c) W = MB (1 − cos θ )
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. ⇒ W = 20 × 0.3(1 − cos 30°) = 3(2 − 3)
a,c a,c a,c,d b,d a,c a a,b,c b,d d b
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 5. (d) Suppose distances of points X and Y from magnet are x
b e c c e a c a c a and y respectively then According to question
81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. Baxial = Bequatorial
b d d b a c a b c b
µ0 2 M µ 0 M
91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. ⇒ ⋅ = ⋅
a c d b 4 4 2 8 4 4 4π x3 4π y 3

SOLUTION x 21/ 3
⇒ =
y 1
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (a) τ = MB sin θ and W = MB (1 − cos θ ) 6. (d) In equilibrium Magnetic torque = Deflecting torque
MB ⇒ MB sin θ = F ⋅ d
⇒ W = MB(1 − cos 60°) =
2 mlB sin θ 24 × 0.25 × 0.25sin 30°
or F= = 6.25 N
3MB d 0.12
Hence τ = MB sin 60° = = 3W 7. (a) The weight of upper magnet should be balanced by the
2
repulsion between the two magnet
2. (b) On bending a rod it's pole strength remains unchanged
µ m2
where as it's magnetic moment changes ∴ ⋅ = 50 gm − wt
4π r 2
m2
⇒ ⇒ 10 −7 × = 50 × 10 −3 × 9.8
S N S N (9 × 10 −6 )
L L ' = 2R
⇒ m = 6.64 amp × m
 2 L  2M
New magnetic moment M ' = m(2 R ) = m  =
 π  π 8. (a) By using BH = B cos φ
3. (d) Initially ( BH )1 (cos φ )1 cos 30 3
⇒ = = =
N BH ( BH ) 2 (cos φ ) 2 cos 45 2
N
W E 9. (b) When a magnet is freely suspended in earth’s
P
magnetic field, it's north pole points north, so the
S
S B magnetic field of the earth may be suppose to be due to a
Neutral point is obtained on equatorial line and at neutral magnetic dipole with it's south pole towards north and as
point | BH |=| Be | equatorial point is on the broad side on position of the
Where BH = Horizontal component of earth's magnetic dipole.
field and Be = Magnetic field due to bar magnet on its µ0 M
Be = ⋅
equatorial line 4π r 3

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384 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

⇒ 0.3 × 10−4 = 10−7 ×

M T' BH B cos φ
Dividing equation (ii) by (i) = =
(6.4 ××106 )3 T B B
⇒ M = 7.8 × 10 22 A-m2. 1 T
= cos 60 = ⇒ T'=
2 2
M1 Td2 + Ts2 60
10. (d) By using = ; where Ts = = 5sec and
M 2 Td2 − Ts2 12 H 4 × 103
16. (c) H = ni ⇒ i = = = 8A
60 n 500
Td = = 15sec
4 17. (a) Molar susceptibility
M 1 (15) + (5)2
5 2
Volume susceptibility
∴ = = = × molecular weight
M 2 (15) − (5)
2 2
4 Density of material
I/H I /H
I = ×M = ×M
11. (b) By using T = 2π ρ M /V
MBH
So, it's unit is m3.
T1 ( BH ) 2 60 / 40 ( BH )2
⇒ = ⇒ = 18. (a) Field at a point x from the centre of a current carrying
T2 ( BH )1 2,5 0.1×10−5
µ0 2M 10−7 × 2 × 2.1×10−25
−6 loop on the axis is B = ⋅ =
⇒ (BH )2 = 0.36 ×10 T . 4π x3 (10 −10 )3

12. (d) By using i ∝ tan θ amp. = 4.2 ×10−32 ×1030 = 4.2 ×10−2 W / m2
i1 tan θ1 19. (c) Suppose P is the point between the conductors where
⇒ =
i2 tan θ 2 net magnetic field is zero.
2 tan 30° 1 5i 2i
⇒ = = ⇒ i2 = 6 B1
i2 tan 60° 3 P
B2
13. (c) As we move towards equator BH increases and it 6 cm
1 2
I x cm (6–x)cm
becomes maximum at equator. Hence T = 2π , we
MBH So, at P |Magnetic field due to conductor 1| = |Magnetic field
can say that according to the relation T decreases as BH ↑ µ0 2(5i) µ0 2(2i )
due to conductor 2| i.e. . = .
increases (i.e. as we move towards equator). 4π i 4π (6 − x)
5 9 30
14. (b) By using i ∝ tan θ ⇒ = ⇒ x = cm
x 6− x 7
i1 tan θ1 i1 tan 45°
⇒ = ⇒ = 30 12
i2 tan θ 2 i1 / 3 tan θ 2 Hence position from B = 6 − = cm
7 7
1
⇒ 3 tan θ 2 = 1 ⇒ tan θ 2 =
3 20. (a) Net magnetic field at P, Bnet = 2B sinθ ; where B =
⇒ θ 2 = 30° µ0 2i a
magnetic field due to one wire at P = ⋅ and sin θ =
4π r r
So, deflection will decrease by 45° − 30° = 15° .
µ0 2i a µ0ia
15. (d) When needle oscillates in horizontal plane ∴ Bnet = 2 × ⋅ × = .
4π r r π r 2
Then it's time period is
21. (d) Magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
I
T = 2π . . . (i) carrying wire is always zero.
MBH
Y
When needle oscillates in vertical plane i.e. It oscillates in
P i Q M
total earth's total magnetic field (b)
a a
x =− x =
I 2
Hence T ' = 2π . . . (ii) 2
M x=a

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 385

22. (c) Magnetic field due to one side of the square at centre O 24. (d) Magnetic field at P
i µ0 2 (8)
Due to wire 1, B1 = ⋅ and due to wire 2,
i 4π d
45°
O
45° µ0 2 (16)
B2 = ⋅
4π d
2 2
a/2  µ 16   µ 12 
a ∴ Bnet = B12 + B22 =  0 ⋅  +  0 ⋅ 
 4π d   4π d 
µ0 2i sin 45° µ 2 2i
B1 = ⋅ ⇒ B1 = 0 ⋅ µ0 2 5µ
4π a/2 4π a = × ×10 = 0
4π d πd
Hence magnetic field at centre due to all side
µ0 (2 2 i) 25. (b) As shown in the following figure magnetic field at P
Bnet = 4 B1 = due to side 1 and side 2 is zero.
πa
P
23. (c) Initially when wires carry currents in the same 1 2
direction as shown. i 30o 30o i 3a
2
i1 i2
O 3
x x a
Magnetic field at P is only due to side 3, which is
1 2 µ0 2i sin 30° µ 2i µ0 i
B1 = ⋅  = 0 ⋅  = 
Magnetic field at mid point O due to wires 1 and 2 are 4π 3a 4π 3a 2 3π a
respectively 2
µ0 2i1 µ0 2i2 26. (b) According to question resistance of wire ADC is twice
⇒ B1 = . ⊗ and B2 = . 
4π x 4π x that of wire ABC. Hence current flows through ADC is
µ0 2 i2 1
Hence net magnetic field at O, Bnet = × (i1 − i2 ) half that of ABC i.e. = .
4π x i1 2

i1 i2 Also i1 + i2 = i
O 2i i
⇒ i1 = and i2 =
x x 3 3
Magnetic field at centre O due to wire AB and BC (part 1
1 2 and 2)
µ 2 µ0 2i1 sin 45° µ0 2 2 i1
⇒ 10 × 10−6 = 0 . (i1 − i2 ) . . . (i) ⇒ B1 = ⋅ ⊗ = ⋅ ⊗
4π x 4π a/2 4π a
If the direction of i2 is reversed then B

µ0 2i1 µ 2i (1) (2)

B1 = . ⊗ and B2 = 0 . 2 ⊗ i1
4π x 4π x A C

µ 2 i i2 O
So, Bnet = 0 . (i1 + i2 )
4π x (3) (4)
D
µ0 2
⇒ 30 ×10−6 = . (i1 + i2 ) . . . (ii) And magnetic field at centre O due to wires AD and DC
4π x
(i.e. part 3 and 4)
i1 + i2 3
Dividing equation (ii) by (i) = µ0 2 2 i2
i1 − i2 1 ⇒ B3 = B4 = 
4π a
i1 2
⇒ = Also i1 = 2i2.
i2 1

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386 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

So, (B1 = B2) > (B3 = B4) µ0
32. (a) B = ⋅ 2π ni (sin α + sin β ) .
Hence net magnetic field at centre O 4π
⇒ Bnet = ( B1 + B2 ) − ( B3 + B4 ) From figure α = (90° − 30°) = 60° , β = (90° − 60°) = 30°
2 
2 2× i
i
2 2  × 2 µ0 ni µ0 ni
∴ B= (sin 60o + sin 30o ) = ( 3 + 1) .
µ  3  − µ0 ⋅  3 2 4
= 2× 0 ⋅
4π a 4π a 1 2
33. (b) F = qvB also Kinetic energy K = mv
µ0 4 2 i 2 µ0 i 2
= ⋅ (2 − 1) ⊗ = ⊗
4π 3a 3π a 2K
⇒ v=
27. (c) The given situation can be redrawn as follow. As we m
know the general formula for finding the magnetic field
2K 2 × 200 × 106 × 1.6 × 10 −19
due to a finite length wire ∴ F =q B = 1.6 × 10−19 ×5
m 1.67 × 10 −27
µ0 i
⇒ B= . (sin φ1 + sin φ2 ) ; Here φ1 = 0°, φ = 45° = 1.6 ×10−10 N
4π r






µ i µ i 34. (d) By using F = q(v × B); where v = 10 ˆj and B = 0.5iˆ
∴ B = 0 . (sin 0o + sin 45o ) = 0 .

4π r 4π 2l ⇒ F = 10−11 (108 ˆj × 0.5iˆ) = 5 ×10−4 ( ˆj × iˆ)
2µ0 i = 5 ×10−4 (−kˆ) i.e., 5 ×10−4 N along − kˆ.
⇒ B=
8π l
35. (a) The given situation can be drawn as follows
µ0 θ i
28. (c) B = . According to figure, for deflecting electron in x-y plane,
4π r
force must be acting an it towards y-axis.
i1 y x-y plane
1
300o
O
e–
60o e –

i2 2 x
z
1A Hence according to Flemings left hand rule, magnetic
B θ i field directed along positive y − axis.
⇒ B ∝θ i ⇒ 1 = 1 × 1
B2 θ 2 i2
36. (b) Particles is moving un-deflected in the presence of
i l θ B 1 both electric field as well as magnetic field so it's speed
Also 1 = 2 = 2 ; hence 1 =
i2 l1 θ1 B2 1 E
v=
29. (b) Magnetic field at the centre of circular loop B
µ0 2π i E 104
B= ⇒ B= = = 103Wb / m2 .
4π r v 10
10−7 × 2 × 3.14 × i 37. (b) As shown in the following figure,
⇒ 0.5 ×10−5 = ⇒ i = 0.4 A
5 ×10−2 Y
Q S
30. (c) The magnetic induction due to both semicircular parts
⊗B
will be in the same direction perpendicular to the paper
inwards.
O X
µ0 i µ0 i µ0i  r1 + r2  v x=a x=b
∴ B = B1 + B2 = + =  ⊗ P R
4r1 4r2 4  r1r2 
The z − axis points out of the paper and the magnetic
N fields is directed into the paper, existing in the region
31. (d) B = µ0 ni where n =
2π R between PQ and RS. The particle moves in a circular path
500 of radius r in the magnetic field. It can just enter the
∴ B = 4π × 10−7 × × 0.5 = 5 ×10−4 T .
2π × 0.1 region x > b for r ≥ (b − q )

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 387

mv 41. (c) Current carrying loop, behaves as a bar magnet. A
Now r = ≥ (b − a )
qb freely suspended bar magnet stays in the N–S direction.

q(b − a) B N
⇒ v≥
m
N
q (b − a ) B
⇒ vmin = . W E
m S
S
mv sin θ
38. (b) By using r =
qB 42 (c) Length of the component dl which is parallel to wire
Y (1) is dl cos θ,



B v µ0 2i1i2 µ i i dl cos θ
So, force on it F = ⋅ (dl cos θ ) = 0 1 2 .
4π r 2π r
30o
60o
X 43. (c) As PQ and UT are parallel to Q, therefore
1.67 ×15 × 2 ×10 × sin 30°
27 6 FPQ = FUT = 0
⇒ r= = 0.1m
1.6 ×10−19 × 0.104 The current in TS and RQ are in mutually opposite
2π m direction.
And it's time period T =
qB Hence, FTS − FRQ = 0
−31
2 × π × 9.1×10 Therefore the force will act only on the segment SR whose
= = 2π ×10−7 sec. value is Bil and it’s direction is +z.
1.6 ×10−19 × 0.104
39. (d) According to gives information following figure can 44. (b) Net force on a current carrying loop in uniform
be drawn, which shows that direction of magnetic field is magnetic field is zero. Hence the loop can't translate. So,
along the direction of motion of charge so net on it is zero. options c and d are wrong. From Flemings left hand rule
we can see that if magnetic field is perpendicular to paper
v inwards and current in the loop is clockwise (as shown)


the magnetic force Fm on each element of the loop is
q
radially outwards, or the loops will have a tendency to
d
expand.
µ0 i
d/2 d/2 45. (d) By using B = ⋅ (sin φ1 + sin φ2 ),
4π r
40. (c) As the block is of metal, the charge carriers are r
electrons; so for current along positive x-axis, the from figure d = r sin45° =

2
electrons are moving along negative x-axis, i.e. v = − vi Y


and as the magnetic field is along the y-axis, i.e. B = Bjˆ d P
G y 45o
E i
45o
A r d
B e–
B
x
d F v F z
i H 45o
C D X
O




Magnetic field due to each wire at P
So, F = q(v × B) for this case yield F = (−e)[−viˆ × Bjˆ]
µ0 i µ i

B= ⋅ (sin 45° + sin 90°) = 0 ⋅ ( 2 + 1)
i.e., F = evBkˆ 4π (r / 2) 4π r
[As iˆ × ˆj = kˆ ] Hence net magnetic field at P,
As force on electrons is towards the face ABCD, the µ0 i µ i
Bnet = 2 × ⋅ ( 2 + 1) = 0 ⋅ ( 2 + 1)
electrons will accumulate on it an hence it will acquire 4π r 2π r
lower potential.

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388 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

F µ0 2i1i2 52. (a, b, c) The needle will stay in a horizontal direction
46. (a) By using = ⋅
l 4π a only. The needle will stay in vertical direction only. The
needle will stay in any direction except vertical and
F 2 ×10 × 5
⇒ = 10−7 × = 10−4 N horizontal.
l 0.1
53. (b, c, d) a deflection galvanometer if the earth’s horizontal
10 A 5A field is known an oscillation magnetometer if the earth’s
horizontal field is known. both deflection and oscillation
magnetometer if the earth’s horizontal field is not known.

0.1 m 54. (a, b) A1 and A2; B1 and B2

Wires are carrying current in opposite direction so the 55. (a, c, d) Diamagnetism occurs in all materials. The
force will be repulsive. magnetic field of induced magnetic moment is opposite to
47. (c) Since the force on the rod CD is non-uniform it will the applied field. Ferromagnetism is produced due to
experience force and torque. formation of a large number of small effective regions in
the material, called domains and their alignment in
A
external magnetic field.
i1
56. (b, c, d) may be zero. may be infinity. may be negative
C D i2
57. (c, d) Bnet = B1 − B2
B
⇒ B1 − B2 = 0 ⇒ B1 = B2 ⇒ B ∝ ni.
From the left hand side it can be seen that the force will be
upward and torque is clockwise. So n1i1 = n2 i2 or n1 = n2 and i1 = i2

48. (a) For no force on wire C, force on wire C due to wire m

D= force on wire C due to wire B 58. (a, c) r ∝
q
µ0 2 × 15 × 5 µ 2 × 5 × 10
⇒ × ×l = 0 × × l ⇒ x = 9cm.
4π x 4π (15 − x ) ⇒
1 4 16
rH : rHe : r0 = : : = 1: 2 : 2
1 1 2
49. (b) Since plane of the coil is parallel to magnetic field. Radius is smallest for H+, so it is deflected most.
So, θ = 90o .
1
Hence τ = NBiA sin 90o = NBiA 59. (a, b, d) Kinetic energy of the particle at point P = mv 2
2
= 50 × 0.25 × 2 × (12 × 10–2 × 10 × 10–2) = 0.3 N.
1
K.E. of the particle at point Q = m (2v ) 2
θ NBA 2
50. (d) Current sensitivity (Si) = =
i C 3
Increase in K.E. = mv 2
2
θ 100 × 5 ×10−4
⇒ = = 5 rad /µ amp . Y →
i 10−8 E
P →
◉B
NCERT Exemplar Problems a

More Than one Answer Q

X
V 10 2a 2v
51. (b, c) R = −G = − 100 ≅ 200 K Ω
Ig 50 × 10−6 It comes from the work done by the electric force qE on
For converting galvanometer into voltmeter a high the particle as it covers a distance 2a along the x-axis.
resistance is joined in series with the galvanometer. 3 2 3 mv 2
Thus mv = qE × 2a ⇒ E = .
Ig × G (50 × 10 −6 ) × 100 50 × 10−6 × 100 2 4 qa
S= = = = ≅ 1Ω
I − Ig (50 × 10 −3 ) 4950 × 10 −6 The rate of work done by the electric field at P
For converting galvanometer into ammeter a low mv 3
= F × v = qE × v = 3
resistance is joined in parallel with the galvanometer. 4a

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 389

At Q, Fe = qE is along x-axis while velocity is along If v = Bql , r = mv = l , particle will turn back and path
m Bq
negative y-axis. Hence rate of work done by electric field


length will be maximum. If particle returns to region I,
= Fe . v = 0 (∵θ = 90°)



time spent in region II will be: t = T = π m , which is
Similarly, according to equation Fm = q(v × B) 2 Bq

independent of v.
Force Fm is also perpendicular to velocity vector v.
∴ Correct option or (a), (c) and (d).
Hence the rate of work done by the magnetic field = 0
64. (b, d)
60. (a, b, d) If both E and B are zero, then Fˆe and Fˆm both are
zero. Hence, velocity may remain constant. Therefore,
option (a) is correct. If E = 0, B ≠ 0 but velocity is parallel



or antiparallel to magnetic field, then also Fe and Fm both
are zero. Hence, option (b) is also correct.



If E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0 but Fe + Fm = 0, then also velocity may mv
r= or r ∝ m ∴ re < rp as m e < m p
remain constant or option (d) is also correct. Bq

61. (a, c) r =
mv
=
P
=
2 Km
i.e., r ∝
m Further, T = 2π m or T ∝ m
Bq Bq Bq q Bq

If K and B are same. Te

∴ Te < Tp , te =
2
Tp
and t p = or te < t p
2
∴ Correct option are (b) and (c).

1 4 16
i.e, rH + : rHe+ : ro2+ = : : = 1: 2 : 2 65. (a, c) u = 4iˆ; v = 2( 3iˆ + ˆj )
1 1 2
Therefore, He + and O 2+ will be deflected equally but v ĵ

H + having the least radius will be deflected most.

62. (a, c) FBA = 0, because magnetic lines are parallel to this u
iˆ

L
wire. FCD = 0, because magnetic lines are antiparallel to


According to the figure, magnetic field should be in
this wire. FCB is perpendicular to paper outwards and FAD direction, or along –z direction.
is perpendicular to paper inwards. These two forces vy 2 1
Further, tan θ = = =
(although calculated by integration) cancel each other but vx 2 3 3
produce a torque which tend to rotate the loop in π
clockwise direction about an axis OO’. ∴ θ = 30° or = angle of v with x-axis = angle rotated by
6



63. (a, c, d) v ⊥ B in region II. Therefore, path of particle is  BQ 
circle in region II. Particle enters in region III if, radius of the particle = Wt =  t
 M 
circular path r > l
πM 50π M
∴ B= = units (as t = 10 −3 second)
6QT 3Q

66. (a) B y E v

Bql
v>
m

mv Bql
or > l or v > x
Bq m

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390 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

(1) and (2) Magnetic field will rotate the particle in a property or magnetism. Therefore the properties of both
circular path (in x-z plane or perpendicular to B). Electric ferromagnetic and paramagnetic are effected by heating.
field will exert a constant force on the particle in positive y-
73. (c) The reduction factor of tangent galvanometer is
direction. Therefore, resultant path is neither purely circular
BH 2r
nor helical or the options (a) and (b) both are wrong. K= = BH ×
G n µ0
(c) v ⊥ and B will rotate the particle in a circular path in
Thus reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer depends
x-z plane (or perpendicular to B). Further v|| and E will
upon the geometry of its coil. It increases with increase of
move the particle (with increasing speed) along positive y- radius and decreases with increase in number of turn of
axis (or along the axis of above circular path). Therefore, the coil of the galvanometer.
the resultant path is helical with increasing pitch, along the
y-axis (or along B and E). Therefore option (c) is correct. 74. (c) Diamagnetism is non-cooperative behaviour of
(4) Magnetic force is zero, as θ between B and v is zero. But orbiting electrons when exposed to an applied magnetic
electric force will act in y-direction. Therefore, motion is I-D field. Diamagnetic substance are composed of atom which
and uniformly accelerated (towards positive y-direction). have no net magnetic moment (i.e., all the orbital shells
are filled and there are no unpaired electrons). When
θ NAB exposed to a field, a negative magnetization is produced
67. (a, b, c) Sensitivity =
i C and thus the susceptibility is negative.
mv P Behaviour of diamagnetic material is that the
68. (b, d) r = =
qB qB
susceptibility is temperature independent.
Assertion and Reason M
M = χH χ
69. (d) The earth has only vertical component of its magnetic
H T
field at the magnetic poles. Since compass needle is only Slope = χ χ = constant
free to rotate in horizontal plane. At north pole the vertical
component of earth’s field will exert torque on the
75. (e) In this case we cannot be sure about the absence of the
magnetic needle so as to align it along its direction. As the
magnetic field because if the electron moving parallel to
compass needle cannot rotate in vertical plane, it will rest
the direction of magnetic field, the angle between velocity
horizontally, when placed on the magnetic pole of the
and applied magnetic field is zero (F = 0). Then also
earth.
electron passes without deflection.
70. (b) In tangent galvanometer the current through the coil is Also F = evB sin θ ⇒F ∝ B.
2r
given by I = .BH tan θ 76. (a) In the absence of the electric current, the free electrons
nµ 0
in a conductor are in a state of random motion, like
⇒ tan θ ∝ n / r molecules in a gas. Their average velocity is zero. i.e. they
i.e. by reducing its radius or by increasing number of turns do not have any net velocity in a direction. As a result,
of coil we can increase the sensitivity of tangent there is no net magnetic force on the free electrons in the
galvanometer. magnetic field. On passing the current, the free electrons
71. (b) The susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance acquire drift velocity in a definite direction, hence
decreases with the rise of temperature in a complicated magnetic force acts on them, unless the field has no
manner. After Curies point the susceptibility of perpendicular component.
ferromagnetic substance varies inversely with its absolute 77. (c) Time taken is independent of velocity and radius of
temperature. Ferromagnetic substance obey’s Curies law path. However, maximum velocity will be given by
only above its Curie point. qBR
v max = where R is radius of Dee’s.
72. (e) The properties of substance is due to alignment of m
molecules in it. When these substance are heated, 78. (a) Due to metallic frame the deflection is only due to
molecules acquire some kinetic energy. Some of current in a coil and magnetic field, not due to vibration in
molecules may get back to the closed chain arrangement the strings. If string start oscillating, presence of metallic
(produce zero resultant). So they lose their magnetic frame in the field make these oscillations damped.

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Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 391

79. (c) The direction of magnetic field due to current carrying 89. (c) BR = B due to ring
conductor can be found by applying right hand thumb rule B1 = B due to wire-1 ⇒ B2 = B due to wire-2
or right hand palm rule. When electric current is passed
BR
through a circular conductor, the magnetic field lines near
the center of the conductor are almost straight lines. P

Magnetic flux direction is determined only by the θ θ

B2 B1
direction of current.
80. (a) The force on a charged particle moving in a uniform r
h
magnetic field always acts in direction perpendicular to
the direction of motion of the charge. As work done by
1 2
magnetic field on the charge is zero, [W = FS cosθ], so a
the energy of the charged particle does not change. µ0 I
In magnitudes B1 = B2 =
2π r
81. (b) We know that the direction of the earth’s magnetic
Resultant of B1 and B2
field is toward north and the velocity of electron is
vertically downward. Applying Fleming’s left hand rule,  µ I  h  µ Ih
= 2 B1 cos θ = 2  0   = 0 2
the direction of force is towards west. Therefore, an  2π r  r  π r
electron coming from outer space will be deflected toward µ 0 IR 2 2µ0 Iπ a 2
BR = =
west. 2( R + x )
2 2 3/ 2
4π r 3
82. (d) In the case of metallic rod, the charge carriers flow As, R = a, x = h and a 2 + h 2 = r 2
through whole of the cross section. Therefore, the
magnetic field exists both inside as well as outside. For zero magnetic field at P, µ 0 Ih =
2µ0 Iπ a 2
πr 2
4π r 3
However magnetic field inside the rod will go on ⇒ π a 2 = 2 rh ⇒ h ≈ 1.2a
decreasing as we go towards the axis.
90. (b) Magnetic field at mid-point of two wires
83. (d) When a charged particle is moving on a circular path = 2 (magnetic field due to one wire)
in a magnetic field, the magnitude of velocity does not
µ I  µ I
change but direction of velocity is changing every = 2 0  = 0 ⊗

 2π d  π d
moment. Hence velocity is changing, so momentum (m v )
Magnetic moment of loop M = IA = I π a 2
is also changing.
2π m m m µ0 I 2 a 2
84. (b) Time period, T = as   = 2   Torque on loop = MB sin 150° =
q 2d
Bq  α  q p
⇒ Tα = 2Tp Also T ∝ m , but Match the Column
91. (a) A → 4, B → 3, C → 2, D → 1
then Tα = 4Tp which is not the case.
92. (c) A → 1, B → 2, C → 3, D → 4
Comprehension Based
93. (d) A → 2, B → 3,4 C → 4, D → 1,2,3
85. (a) Equal
M 94. (b) A → 2,3; B → 1; C → 2,3; D → 2,4 or 2
86. (c) ,m
2 Integer
87. (a) If B2 > B1 , critical temperature, (at which resistance of
95. (4) When wires is taken in the form of one turn circular
semiconductors abruptly becomes zero) in case 2 will be
l
less than compared to case 1. coil, then length, l = 2π r or r = , n = 1 . Magnetic
2π
88. (b) With increase in temperature, TC is decreasing. field induction at the centre of circular coil due to current
TC (0) = 100 K µ 0 2π nI µ 0 2π × 1× I µ0π I
I is B = = =
4π r 4π (l / 2π ) l
TC = 75 K at B = 7.5T
When wire is taken in the form of double loop, then
Hence, at B = 5 T , TC should lie between 75K and 100K.

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392 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

I
l = 2 × 2π r1 or r1 = and n = 2 99. (4) When wire is taken in the form of one turn circular
4π
l
∴ Magnetic field induction at the centre of the circular coil. coil, then length l = 2π r or r = , n =1
2π
µ0 2π × n × I µ 0 2π × 2 × I πI
B1 = = = 4 × µ0 Magnetic field induction at the centre of circular coil due
4π r1 4π (l / 4π ) l
µ 0 2π nI µ 0 2π × 1× I µ0π I
to current I is B = = =
∴
B1
=4 4π r 4π ( l / 2π ) l
B When wire is taken in the form of double loop, then
96. (4) Here, I ∝ 60 and I g ∝ 10 l = 2 × 2π r1
Ig 10 1 l
∴ = = ; G = 20Ω or r1 = and n = 2
I 60 6 4π
Ig S 1 S ∴ Magnetic field induction at the centre of the circular coil,
As, = ∴ =
I G + S 6 20 + S µ0 2π × n × I µ0 2π × 2 × I πI
B1 = = = 4 × µ0
On solving, we get S = 4 Ω. 4π r1 4π (l / 4π ) l
B1
97. (2) As is clear from Fig. ⇒ = 4.
Y
B
100. (4) Refer Fig., the magnetic field induction at the centroid
I
O due to current I through one side BC of the triangle will
µ0 I
O
X
be B1 = ( sin θ1 + sin θ 2 )
H 4π r
A

I
Coercivity OA = H − ni = 120A/m.
number of turms 72 O
Here, n = = = 60
length 1 ⋅ 2(m) 60° 60°
I
r
H 120 B C
∴ i= = =A I D
n 60 a
It will be acting perpendicular to the plane of triangle
98. (8) Magnetic field at P due to currents in two wires will be
upwards. Total magnetic field induction at O due to
acting perpendicular to the plane of wires, upwards and is
current through all the three sides of the triangle will be
given by.
3µ 0 I
BP =
µ0 2 I µ 2I
+ 0
2µ I
= 0
B = 3B1 = [sin θ1 + sin θ 2 ]
4π r
4π ( r / 2 ) 4π ( r / 2 ) πr
BD a/2
Magnetic field at Q due to current in A is perpendicular to Here, I = 1 A, θ1 = 60° = θ 2 and r = OD = =
tan 60° 3
the plane of wire upwards and due to current in B is
perpendicular to the plane of wire downwards and is given a 4.5 × 10−2
= = m
µ 2I µ 2I µ I 2 3 2 3
by BQ = 0 + 0 = 0
4π 2r 4π r 4π r 1
∴ B = 3 × 10−7 × × [sin 60° + sin 60°]
∴
BP ( 2 µ 0 I / π r )
= = 8.
( 4.5 ×10 −2
/2 3 )
BQ ( µ 0 I / 4π r ) On solving, B = 4 × 10–5 T.

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