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Tutorial On Aqueous Chemistry Answered.

This document provides three sample chemistry problems related to chemical reactions, aqueous chemistry, and stoichiometry. The first problem involves calculating the percentage of barium ions in a compound from a precipitation reaction. The second problem asks the student to calculate the molality of a solution. The third, more complex problem involves using titration data from two reactions to determine the percentage of sodium bicarbonate in a sample. Key skills covered include expressing concentration in various units, stoichiometric calculations, and solving multiple step problems involving precipitation reactions and titrations.

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avnishnand
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23 views

Tutorial On Aqueous Chemistry Answered.

This document provides three sample chemistry problems related to chemical reactions, aqueous chemistry, and stoichiometry. The first problem involves calculating the percentage of barium ions in a compound from a precipitation reaction. The second problem asks the student to calculate the molality of a solution. The third, more complex problem involves using titration data from two reactions to determine the percentage of sodium bicarbonate in a sample. Key skills covered include expressing concentration in various units, stoichiometric calculations, and solving multiple step problems involving precipitation reactions and titrations.

Uploaded by

avnishnand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Questions

Chemical reactions, Aqueous Chemistry and Stoichiometry

Skills to develop

 Expressing concentrations
 Converting concentrations between various units: g/L, percent, weight percentate,
mole percent, mol/L (M), ppm, etc.
 Calculating amounts of solute in a given volume of solution

Amount = Concentration x Volume

Applying this formula to solve titration problems

 Preparing a solution of prescribed concentration


 Solving any problem involving solution stoichiometry

The following problems are samples of the kinds of analytical questions that you are likely to
meet in short tests and examinations. We strongly encourage you to attempt the problems and
check your answer with your tutor in the tutorial class.

1. A sample of 0.6760g of an unknown compound containing barium ions (Ba2+) is


dissolved in water and treated with excess of Na2SO4. Barium Sulphate (BaSO4)
precipitates are formed.
i. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
ii. If the mass of BaSO4 precipitate formed is 0.4105g, what is the percent by mass of
Ba2+ in the original unknown compound?

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → BaSO4 (s)


1 : 1 : 1

Moles of BaSO4 = m/Mr = 0.4105 g / 233.36 g/mol = 1.76 x 10-3.


SO42- is present in excess therefore Ba2+ is the limiting reactant, which implies that the
moles of product formed is determined by moles of Ba2+.

BaSO4 : Ba2+
1 : 1
1.76 x 10-3 : x
Moles of Ba2+ = 1.76 x 10-3
Mass of Ba2+ = n x Ar
= 1.76 x 10-3 x 137.3 g/mol
= 0.24 g

% Ba2+ = 0.24 g/ 0.6760 X 100


= 36%

CH205: Chemistry for Civil Engineers 1|Page


2. Molality (m) is used for expressing concentration.

i. What is the unit for molality?


Moles of solute/ Kg of Solvent

ii. 25g of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) was dissolved in 250 ml distilled water at 25oC.
The density of water was 0.9975g/cm3. Calculate the concentration in molality.

Moles of MgCl2 = mass/Mr = 25g/95.211g/mol = 0.26moles

Mass of water = density x volume = 0.9975g/cm3 x 250ml = 249g / 1000 = 0.249Kg

Molality = 0.26moles/ 0.249Kg = 1.04 m

3. A 0.4671 g sample containing sodium bicarbonate was dissolved and titrated with a
solution of hydrochloric acid, requiring 40.72 ml. The reaction is

HCO3- + H+  H2O + CO2

The hydrochloric acid was standardised by titrating 0.1876 g sodium carbonate by the
following reaction:

CO32- + 2H+  H2O + CO2

The titration required 37.86 cm3 acid. Calculate the percent sodium bicarbonate in the
sample.

 Balance the chemical equation


HCO3- + H+  H2O + CO2

CO32- + 2H+  H2O + CO2

 Mr of NaHCO3 = 84g/mol
Mr of Na2CO3 = 106g/mol

 To attempt this problem, one needs to use the second equation first to find the concentration of HCl
and the number of moles used. The using the mole ratio and the first equation, find moles of
NaHCO3.
 Moles of Na2CO3 = 0.1876g/106g/mol
= 1.77 x 10-3 moles

 Moles of H+ from balanced equation 2 (1.77 x 10-3 moles) = 3.54 x 10-3


 Titre volume of H+ = 37.86 ml
 Conc. = n/V = 3.54 x 10-3/0.03786dm3

CH205: Chemistry for Civil Engineers 2|Page


= 0.094 mol/dm3

 Find moles of HCl reacted with NaHCO3 ; n=cV


= 0.094 mol/dm3 x 40.72 x 10-3 dm3

= 3.83 x 10-3 moles

 Moles of NaHCO3 = 3.83 x 10-3 moles since mole ratio is 1:1.


 Mass of NaHCO3 = (3.83 x 10-3 )x 84 g/mol = 0.328 g
 Mass % = 0.32 g x 100%
0.4671g

68.88%

CH205: Chemistry for Civil Engineers 3|Page

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