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Assignment 3

This document contains a mathematics assignment on linear algebra concepts such as orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt process, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and diagonalization of matrices. It includes 21 problems asking students to find orthogonal vectors, construct orthonormal bases, compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determine if matrices are diagonalizable, and perform operations related to diagonalization. The problems cover foundational topics in linear algebra including vector spaces, bases, and matrix decomposition.

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Gatte Sai jagadeshwar
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18 views

Assignment 3

This document contains a mathematics assignment on linear algebra concepts such as orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt process, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and diagonalization of matrices. It includes 21 problems asking students to find orthogonal vectors, construct orthonormal bases, compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determine if matrices are diagonalizable, and perform operations related to diagonalization. The problems cover foundational topics in linear algebra including vector spaces, bases, and matrix decomposition.

Uploaded by

Gatte Sai jagadeshwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dept of Mathematics

SRM University-AP, Amaravati


LINEAR ALGEBRA - MAT211(UNIT-III and V)
ASSIGNMENT-3
Orthogonality
1. Which pairs are orthogonal among the vectors v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 ?
       
1 4 1 1
 2 0 −1 1
−2 , v2 = 4 v3 = −1 , v4 = 1
v1 =        
1 0 −1 1
.
2. Find a unit vector orthogonal to (4, 2, 3) in R3 .
3. Show that x − y is orthogonal to x + y if and only if kxk = kyk.
4. Find a vector x orthogonal to the row space of A, and a vector y orthogonal to the column
space, and a vector, z orthogonal to the null space:
 
1 2 1
A = 2 4 3
3 6 4

5. Give an example in R2 of linearly independent vectors that are not orthogonal. Also, give
an example of orthogonal vectors that are not independent.
6. Let P be the plane in R3 with equation x + 2y − z = 0. Find a vector perpendicular to P .
What matrix has the plane P as its null space, and what matrix has P as its row space?

Gram-Schmidt process

7. Use Gram-Schmidt to construct an orthonormal pair q1 , q2 from a1 = (4, 5, 2, 2) and a2 =


(1, 2, 0, 0).
8. Given {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0)} is a basis of R3 , using Gram-Schmidt construct an or-
thonormal basis.
9. Let M = Span{(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)} in R3 . Find an orthonormal basis for M .

Introduction to Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

10. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of


   
3 4 2 0 0 2
A =  0 1 2  and B =  0 2 0  .
0 0 0 2 0 0
Verify that the trace equals the sum of the eigenvalues and the determinant equals their
product.
 
0 1
11. Choose the second row of A = , so that A has eigenvalues 4 and 7.
∗ ∗
   
1 2
12. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix such that and are eigenvectors corresponding to the
2 −1
eigenvalues 0 and 1. Find the matrix A.
13. Let A be a 3×3 matrix such that trace of A is 15, determinant of A is 80 and the eigenvalues
of A are in arithmetic progression. Find the eigenvalues of A.
14. If λ be an eigenvalue of an n × n matrix A. prove that λm is an eigenvalue of the matrix
Am , where m is a positive integer.
15. How the eigenvalues of A equal to the eigenvalues of AT , justify!.

Diagonalization of a Matrix

16. Check if the following matrices are diagonalizable or not ? If diagonalizable then give the
decomposition of the form SDS −1 . If not then give reason.
 
1 1
(i)
1 1
 
1 1
(ii)
0 1
 
1 0
(iii)
0 0
 
1 1 0
(iv) 0 1 0.
0 0 1
 
1 1 1
(v) 1 1 1
1 1 1
 
1 0 1
(vi) 0 1 0.
0 0 1
17. Factor the following matrices into SDS −1 where D is a diagonal matrix.
 
1 1
(i)
1 1
 
1 2
(ii)
2 1
 
2 1
(iii)
0 0
 
1 1 1
(iv) 1 1 1.
1 1 1
   
3 2
18. Find a matrix A whose eigenvalues are 1 and 4, and whose eigenvectors are and
1 1
−1
respectively. [Hint: A = SDS ]
19. Prove that if a n × n matrix A can be written as A = SDS −1 then Ak = SDk S −1 and
A−1 = S −1 D−1 S.

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20. Find A100 of the following matrices.
 
1 −2
(i)
1 −2
 
1 0
(ii)
2 −1
 
1 1 1
(iii) 1 1 1.
1 1 1
21. Give examples for the following.
(i) A triagular matrix which is not diagonalizable.
(ii) A triagular matrix which is diagonalizable.

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