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Cell Division Notes 24 Dec 2020

The document discusses the cell cycle and the two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and involves the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces gamete cells through two nuclear divisions and involves prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and then prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II resulting in four haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are that mitosis is asexual and results in two identical daughter cells,

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13 views

Cell Division Notes 24 Dec 2020

The document discusses the cell cycle and the two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and involves the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces gamete cells through two nuclear divisions and involves prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and then prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II resulting in four haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are that mitosis is asexual and results in two identical daughter cells,

Uploaded by

nosh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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24-12-2020

The Cell Cycle


&
Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html

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MITOSIS

Mitosis
The process of cell division which results
in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.

The daughter cells are identical to


one another and to the original parent
cell.

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Mitosis can be divided into stages

• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis

Interphase
The cell prepares for division
• Animal Cell • Plant Cell
– DNA replicated – DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated – Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size – Cell increases in size

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Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division

• Animal Cell • Plant cell


– Packages DNA into – Packages DNA into
chromosomes chromosomes

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Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Metaphase
The cell prepares chromosomes for
division
• Animal Cell
– Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere

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Metaphase
Animal Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase
The chromosomes divide
• Animal Cell
– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
– ½ of each
chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell

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Anaphase
Animal Cell

Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell
– DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form
– Cell wall pinches in to
form the 2 new
daughter cells

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Telophase
Animal Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Animal Mitosis -- Review


Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Interphase

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MEIOSIS

Meiosis

Meiosis is the type of cell division by which


germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.

One parent cell produces four daughter


cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original
parent cell

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Meiosis

During meiosis, DNA replicates


once, but the nucleus divides twice.

Meiosis

Four stages can be described for each


division of the nucleus.

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Meiosis I
First division of meiosis

First Division of Meiosis


• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated. These are called sister
chromatids.

• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the


cell.

• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister


chromatids remaining together.

• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with


each daughter containing only one chromosome of the
chromosome pair.

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Prophase I

Prophase I

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Metaphase I

Telophase I

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Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis

Second Division of Meiosis


• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.

• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of


the cell

• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister


chromatids move separately to each pole.

• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.

Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

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Prophase II

Metaphase II

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Telophase II

Meiosis

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Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis


• Mitosis • Meiosis
– Asexual – Sexual
– Cell divides once – Cell divides twice
– Two daughter cells – Four haploid daughter
– Genetic information is cells
identical – Genetic information is
different

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