9V Battery

Introduction:
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for the
early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap
connector at the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and alkaline
chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel-
metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not
been manufactured in many years due to their mercury content. Designations for this format
include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22(for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size,
regardless of chemistry, is commonly designated PP3 - a designation originally reserved solely
for carbon-zinc- or in some countries, E or E-block.

Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V LR61 cells enclosed in a
wrapper. These cells are slightly smaller than LR8D425 AAAA cells and can be used in their
place for some devices, even though they are 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are made with
six flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant wrapper to prevent drying. Primary
lithium types are made with three cells in series.[4]

In 2007, 9-volt batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline primary battery sales in the US. In
Switzerland in 2008, 9-volt batteries totaled 2% of primary battery sales and 2% of secondary
battery sales.
 Fig: A Duracell PP3-size 9-volt alkaline battery

Connectors:

The battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one end. The smaller circular (male)
terminal is positive, and the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the negative
contact. The connectors on the battery are the same as on the connector itself; the smaller one
connects to the larger one and vice versa. The same snap-style connector is used on other battery
types in the Power Pack (PP) series. Battery polarization is normally obvious since mechanical
connection is usually only possible in one configuration. A problem with this style of connector
is that it is very easy to connect two batteries together in a short circuit, which quickly discharges
batteries, generating heat and possibly a fire. Because of this hazard, 9-volt batteries should be
kept in the original packaging until they are going to be used. An advantage is that several nine-
volt batteries can be connected to each other in series to provide higher voltages.
 Fig: 9-volt battery snap

Technical Specifications:

The most common type of 9V battery is commonly referred to simply as 9-volt, although there
are less common 9V batteries of different sizes. Codes for the usual size include PP3 (for size
and voltage, any technology), 6LR61 (IEC code for alkaline batteries), and in Japan 006P.

The PP3 size battery has height 48.5 mm, width 26.5 mm, depth 17.5 mm (or 1.9 in × 1.0 in ×
0.68 in). Both terminals are at one end and their centers are 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) apart.

Inside an alkaline or carbon-zinc 9-volt battery there are six cylindrical or flat cells connected in
series. Some brands use welded tabs internally to attach to the cells, others press foil strips
against the ends of the cells.

Rechargeable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) and Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries of nominal

Mercury batteries were formerly made in this size. They had higher capacity than the then-
standard carbon-zinc types, a nominal voltage of 8.4 volts, and very stable voltage. Once used in
photographic and measuring instruments or long-life applications, they are no longer
manufactured as mercury is an environmental pollutant.
Fig: Collage of images showing the opening of a 9-volt battery to reveal six LR61 size cells, which are
similar to the LR8D425 AAAA cells often used in medical equipment.

Self Discharge:

Alkaline and lithium batteries self-discharge much more slowly than the older zinc-carbon type.
An alkaline battery that is not used, or used in extremely low current applications such as
backup, can be expected to last for approximately 6 years.
Fig: Three different kinds of 9-volt primary battery internals. (Left to Right) Rectangular cell zinc-
carbon, rectangular cell alkaline, cylindrical cell alkaline.

Testing and Charging:

Most battery voltage testers and chargers that can also test 9V need another snap clip to hold the
battery, while cylindrical batteries often share a holder that may be adjustable in size. Because of
the proximity of the positive and negative terminals at the top of the battery and relatively low
current of most common batteries, one informal method of testing voltage is to place the two
terminals across a tongue. A strong tingle would indicate a battery with a strong charge, the
absence, a discharged battery. While there have been stories circulating of unfortunate outcomes,
the process is rarely dangerous under normal circumstances, though it may be unpleasant.

Fig: Rechargeable (NiMH) 9-volt battery internals.

1) Telecommunication equipments, such as cordless phone, cellular phones, transceivers

2) Emergency lightings and security systems

3) Radio control toys

4) Audio and video devices, such as camcorders, walkmans, MDs, portable DVDs, VCDs, TVs

5) Information devices, such as notebook computers, PDAs, portable fax machines.

6) Power tools

7) Electric bicycles 2 TYSONIC NI-MH 9V RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

8) Other applications, such as electric shavers, electric toothbrushes, massagers, portable vacuum
cleaners, portable terminals.

Features:

1. Friendly To The Environment Cd 0% Hg0% Pb0%

2) High Energy Density The energy density of TYSONIC batteries is more than 55kwh/kg and
180wh/dm3.

3) Long Service Life The cell can be expected more than 500-1000 charge/discharge cycles
under normal usage.

4) High Discharge Voltage And Long Platform Time Voltage remains above 1.2V per cell for
40-50minutes in the discharge period at 1.0C rate.

5) Excellent Performance of High Rate Charge and Discharge For different applications, the cell
can be quick charged in 1-3hours*, it can also withstand a high rate discharge.

6) Reliable safety vent It is 100% tested that the safety vent opens automatically when the cell
internal pressure than 25atm.
7) Wide Temperature Range Performance remains efficient over a wide temperature range -20
oC -50 oC

8) Handling Performance Maintenance-free and can be applied optionally.

9) No Memory Effect Ni-MH battery can be recharged after partial discharge.

10) Low Internal Resistance

Performance Characteristics Curves:

Charging:

During the process of charging, the voltage of TYSONIC Ni-MH battery will go up step by step,
but at the end of the charging, it will decline bit due to heating of the battery, and keep stable at
last. The ambient temperature has great effect on charging voltage.

Discharging:

The voltage of TYSONIC Ni-MH battery will decline relatively as the discharging current
increased. But it will keep stable around 1.2V.
Cycle life:

Under normal conditions, 500-1000 charge/ discharge cycles can be expected.

Temperature performance:

TYSONIC Ni-MH battery can be used in wider range of temperature, but the battery
performance will change according to the ambient temperature, so the battery should be used
within the following range of temperature: Charge: 0 oC to +45 oC Discharge: -20 oC to +60 oC
Storage: -30 oC to +50 oC (long term storage: -30 oC to +35 oC)