Purpose of America'S Schools and The Curnt Reform Movement
Purpose of America'S Schools and The Curnt Reform Movement
AMERICA’S
SCHOOLS AND THE
CURNT REFORM
MOVEMENT
CHAPTER 5
Presented by: Daniela Mondeja,Valentina
Rodriguez and Giancarlos Amador
ESENTATION OUTLIN
PR E
WHAT IS THE EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSE OF REFORM AND
SCHOOL NO. 1 SCHOOL
CHOICENO. 3
WHAT MAKES A
SCHOOL
EFFECTIVE NO.
2
WHAT IS THE
PURPOSE OF
SCHOOL?
Purpose 1: To Transmit Society’s Knowledge and
Values (Passing the Cultural Baton)
Schools reflect and promote society's values.
Each country chooses the curriculum to match and advance its own view of history, its
own values, its self-interests.
Even individual states and communities require schools to teach their own state or local
history, the "culture" of Illinois or of New York City.
By selecting what to teach-and what to omit schools are making clear decisions as to what
is valued.
The keepers of the culture and creators of the curriculum see to it that certain authors are
to be taught, talked about, and emulated while others are not.
In his study "A Place Called School," Lorenz Goodlad and his colleague identified
four broad goals for schools: academic, vocational, social and civic, and personal.
These goals aim to preserve the status quo, promote social change, prepare
students for work and economic responsibilities, and develop individual talent and
self-expression.
When Goodlad asked students and teachers to rate the four goal areas, they
rated all or them as very important
When pushed to select one of these four as having top priority, approximately
half the teachers and parents selected the intellectual area, while students
spread their preferences fairly evenly among all four categories, with high
school students giving a slight edge to vocational goals.
Three decades later, the public continues to hold schools to a myriad of high
expectations: More than two-thirds of Americans believe that schools are
responsible for the academic as well as behavioral and emotional needs of all
students.
WHAT MAKES
SCHOOL
EFFECTIVE?
Factor 1: Strong Leadership Factor 2: A Clear School Mission Factor 3: A Safe and Orderly Climate
Sara Lawrence Lightfoot's book, The Good Effective schools have principals who Schools must be safe for students and
High School, highlights six successful communicate a clear vision of their teachers to learn and teach effectively.
schools with strong, inspired leaders like mission, emphasize change, innovation, Today's schools are safer than in years,
Robert Mastruzzi. These schools, like John and improvement, while less effective with 96% of teachers and 93% of students
F. Kennedy, were characterized by principals focus on maintaining the status reporting feeling safe. Safe schools focus
collaborative leadership, high quo. on academic achievement, community
expectations, and a positive school involvement, and respect for teachers,
climate, leading to significant students, and staff. Early identification of
achievement gains for students. student problems and support from
school psychologists, special education
programs, and social workers help reduce
tension.
CONTINUED:
Factor 4: Monitoring Student Progress Factor 5: High Expectations
A researcher visited Clearview Elementary School, a fictitious school, and In their 1969 study, Rosenthal and Jacobson explored
found that students had a clear sense of their academic progress and kept the impact of teacher expectations on student
progress charts in their notebooks. Teachers also mentioned individual
strengths and weaknesses of their students. However, Foggy Bottom
achievement, popularizing the term "self-fulfilling
Elementary School, another fictitious school, had similar features but with prophecy." Despite criticisms, evidence suggests high
less student papers and no charting of progress toward academic goals. The teacher expectations lead to high achievement, while
researcher concluded that Clearview students achieved more than Foggy
Bottom students due to the school's consistent monitoring and
low expectations result in low achievement. Effective
communication of student progress. Selective schools use standardized schools have high expectations, benefiting both
tests, object-referenced tests, and teacher tests to measure student students and the entire school, as illustrated in
progress. Homework is another strategy to monitor students, with research
showing that graded homework increases achievement scores from the 50th
Lightfoot's "The Good High School."
to the 60th percentile.
EDUCATIONAL
REFORM AND
SCHOOL CHOICE
A bit of background
A highly educated workforce is currently required due to today's
dismal student test scoresyyh and a faltering economy. Currently,
there is a race to "Ex" America's schools due to concerns about an
increasingly competitivey global economy, but the real story is
hidden in the headlines: school reform is not a recent phenomenon.
Reforming education a century ago was primarily focused on
preparing pupils for adulthood. In order to enforce.com-pulsory
high school attendance, reforming schools was first implemented a
century ago. Our current reform initiative has its roots in a 1983
government report called A Nation at Risk, which urged for a more
challenging curriculum.
SCHOOLS
Charter schools
How do charter schools operate? The idea is basic. A
charter school is a tax-funded public school that is
permitted to operate by a local or state school board.
The charter is often granted for a set length of time with
the option to extend it if the school is successful. So you
would apply for a charter if you and some pals wanted
to start a school. Your school may open if the school
board approved of your plan.If you were extremely
fortunate, you may find a benefactor to assist finance
your school,
Magnet Schools
Magnet schools were a school choice option for outstanding students
more than 70 years ago, even though few people considered it a
reform. Magnet schools may be something you've heard of or even
attended. A magnet school offers one or more particular programs
that are so well-regarded that, like a magnet, they draw students from
near and far. These programs might be in math, science, or the
arts.gToday, magnet schools are attended by more than 2 million
pupils. Magnet schools, unlike charter schools, are less well-known
and frequently underfunded, particularly when it comes to covering
transportation expenses, but that does not mean they are not
operating efficiently. Magnet schools frequently perform better and
are more racially integrated than local or charter public schools.
online Schools
We'll look at one of the most odd schools—well, maybe not
"Look at" because you can't really see it—that has no
structure, no parking lot, and no students at all. (Some might
even refer to it as a "dream school") But before you go
overboard, virtual schools offer a lot of education, typically
via technology. A virtual school is actually a type of distance
learning, which is education delivered across large distances
using technology like television, the internet, and other
tools. Virtual education, which was first intended to
supplement homeschooling, is now a viable option for a
growing number of students, including high achievers,
children with special needs, those who are housebound,
adolescent parents, and bully victims.,
homeschooling
Homeschooling is also a choice—the option to educate a child at
home rather than enrolling him or her in the public school down the
street or any other school. Only 12,500 pupils were homeschooled
only a few decades ago; today, about 2 million kids are taught at
home. Why the dramatic rise?Although some families choose to
homeschool due to worries about the school environment, like as
safety, drugs, and peer pressure, the majority of parents do so in
order to assure specific religious and moral instruction, typically
evangelical Christian beliefs. Homeschooling parents can be
classified as either ideologues or pedagogues by researcher Van
Galen. Ideologues concentrate on spreading particular values. They
establish a homeschool where they decide on the curriculum,
establish the guidelines, implement the timetable, and advance
their beliefs, which are typically religious ones.
Green schools
The green movement has turned its attention to schools,
where instructors' and kids' physical health is directly
impacted by the environment. A third of all school buildings
require considerable maintenance, one in five have
unhealthy air quality, and roughly half of all schools have
unsatisfactory indoor environmental conditions. Many of the
60 million kids, instructors, staff members, and
administrators spend their school days in unsanitary
facilities.On the other hand, green schools provide healthier
settings with clean air and water, wholesome cuisine,
nontoxic cleansers, and a focus on outdoor activities. As you
might have expected, fewer teachers and students take sick
days when schools adopt a green policy.Additionally
promoting sustainability and energy efficiency,
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