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Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies Structural Analysis

This document discusses static equilibrium of rigid bodies and truss analysis. It introduces equations of static equilibrium, boundary conditions like pinned, roller and fixed supports, and examples of computing support reactions. It then covers truss analysis using the method of joints and method of sections, which involve applying equilibrium equations to individual joints or cutting a truss to determine member forces. Examples are provided to demonstrate both analysis methods.

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John Lemmor G. Candelaria
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70 views20 pages

Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies Structural Analysis

This document discusses static equilibrium of rigid bodies and truss analysis. It introduces equations of static equilibrium, boundary conditions like pinned, roller and fixed supports, and examples of computing support reactions. It then covers truss analysis using the method of joints and method of sections, which involve applying equilibrium equations to individual joints or cutting a truss to determine member forces. Examples are provided to demonstrate both analysis methods.

Uploaded by

John Lemmor G. Candelaria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies

Equations of Equilibrium in 2D/3D


Boundary Conditions (2D)
Equilibrium in 2D Examples

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 2


Static Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
• With equivalent systems, we were concerned with ensuring that the
sum forces and moments about a point were equal:

• Now, we need to ensure that the systems are in static equilibrium:

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 3


Boundary Conditions
• Supports attach the structure to “the ground” and
are the main components that keep the structure in
equilibrium.
• Note that “the ground” could also mean an adjacent
structural element.

• Therefore, identifying different types of supports


are critical to performing structural analysis.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 4


Pinned Supports
• These restrict the motion in the “x” and “y”
directions.
• They also develop reactions in the “x” and “y”
directions.

• Allow rotation.
• As such, no moment reaction is developed

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 5


Roller Supports
• These only restrict motion in the direction of the roller
• They also only develop a reaction in the roller’s direction.

• Pinned/roller supports are also commonly referred to as


simple supports (e.g. a simply-supported beam)

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 6


Fixed Supports
• These restrict motion and rotation.
• Therefore, they develop both force
and moment reactions.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 7


External Support Reactions
• Our first task will be to compute support
reactions in two dimensions.
• These are the forces applied externally to
the structure to maintain equilibrium.

• Let’s do some examples!

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 8


Reactions (2D) Example 1
• Compute the support reactions of the simply-supported beam shown

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 9


Reactions (2D) Example 2
• A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg and is used to lift a 2400-kg box.
• It is held in place by a pin at A and a roller at B.
• The center of gravity of the crane is at G.

• Compute the support reactions.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 10


Reactions (2D) Example 3
• Knowing that the tension in wire BD is
1300 N, determine the reactions at the
fixed support of the frame shown.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 11


Structural Analysis
Truss Analysis Using Method of Joints and Method of Sections

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 12


Trusses in Structural Engineering Applications
• Trusses are arrangement of straight members in triangular patterns to
form a structure (or a component of a structure).
• Trusses are commonly used in roofs as well as bridges.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 13


Assumptions for Analyzing Trusses

• When we analyze trusses, we make the


following three assumptions:
• All the members are connected
by frictionless joints.
• All loads and support reactions
are applied only at the joints.
• At each joint, the centroidal axes
of each member coincide.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 14


The Two Methods for Analyzing a Truss

• There are two methods at our disposal


to solve for the internal forces in a truss:
• The method of joints:
• In this approach, we assess the equilibrium
of each joint one-by-one until we have
Determined the forces in every member.
• Tedious but thorough!

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 15


The Two Methods for Analyzing a Truss

• There are two methods at our disposal


to solve for the internal forces in a truss:
• The method of section:
• By cutting a section, we can quickly determine
the forces in particular members:
• The downside is that it doesn’t work well
when trying to solve the entire truss.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 16


The Method of Joints

• As stated, we investigate each joint one-by-one and apply the


equations of equilibrium to solve for unknown member forces.
• For a truss to be in equilibrium, each joint must also be in equilibrium.

• Because all the forces at a joint meet at a common point, we


only have two equations of equilibrium that we can apply.
• Therefore, when using the method of joints, we can only solve joints
where there are, at most, two unknown member forces.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 17


Truss Analysis Example 1
• Determine the internal member forces of the plane truss shown
below using the method of joints.
• We’ll start by computing the support reactions.
Then we’ll analyze the truss one joint at a time
until every internal force is computed!

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 18


The Method of Sections

• The method of joints is great if your goal is to analyze the entire


truss.
• However, if the forces in only a few members of a truss are desired,
the method of sections is more appropriate.

• An advantage of this method is you now have three equations


of equilibrium.
• Therefore, when using the method of sections, we can only analyze
section cuts where there are, at most, three unknown member forces.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 19


Truss Analysis Example 2
• Determine the internal member forces in members EG, FG, and
FH of the plane truss shown below using the method of
sections.
• We’ll start by computing the support reactions.
Then we’ll cut a section through the
members in question.

7/17/2023 MECH 223 - Statics of Rigid Bodies 20

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