‘1273, 2:39 PM. ‘Altemative To Practical (ATP) | Best Notes | O Level Chemisty (5070) =) (CHEMISTRY | 0 LEVEL | OTHER Alternative To Practical (ATP) | Best Notes | O Level Chemistry (5070) By waleedgohar May 30, 2021 If you want complete alternative to practical (ATP) notes for GCE O Level Chemistry (5070), you will love this comprehensive resource | am about to share with you. In fact, this is the resource | used to ace my ATP exam. But before moving ahead, note that this written paper consists of multiple (compulsory) short answer questions (along with structured questions). This paper tests your knowledge about laboratory practical procedures. Now let's start without further introductions. Table of Contents npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell a8‘1273, 2:39 PM. ‘Altemative To Practical (ATP) | Best Notes | O Level Chemisty (5070) 1-Alternat e to Practical (ATP) Notes: 11. Laboratory Apparatus: 1.2. General rules of solubility (for common salts): 1.3. Identifications of cations: 1.4, Identification of anions: 1.5. Test for Gases: 1.6. How to solve Moles questions in ATP? 17. Some other ATP Concepts: 2. Conclusio Alternative to Practical (ATP) Notes: In this exam, you will have questions such as: Recording readings of apparatus (from diagrams) + Suggest, describe and explain “experimental arrangements‘, procedures and techniques + Plot graphs and complete tables + Using graphs to draw conclusions + Describing tests for ions, gases and oxidising and reducing agents (5070) Laboratory Apparatus Rules of solubility (of salts) Identification of Cations Identification of Ani ns Test for gases npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell ane‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) | will show you (with examples) how to solve these questions. But before that, here is some basic knowledge about laboratory apparatus you should know. Laboratory Apparatus: Below are some details (and uses) of some common laboratory apparatus: + Measuring cylinder: It is also known as a graduated cylinder and is used to measure the volume of a liquid (not accurate). + Beaker: A container (cylindrical in shape) for holding liquid and solid samples for experiments. * Conical flask: It is also known as a titration flask and is used to make solutions (for reactions) or collecting samples. + Test tube: They are used for reactions and handling chemicals. They can be also used for heating solids and liquids for a reaction (but in a small amount). + Gas syringe: This apparatus is used to add or remove gas from a (closed) system. Moreover, it is also used during experiments to find out the volume of gas released (which allows to find out the rate of reaction). + Burette: It is used to measure the accurate volume of liquids (up to 50 cm). It is used during experiments to get precise readings (but is slightly less accurate than a pipette). Some other apparatus you should know about are: + Evaporating dish: This wide and shallow apparatus allows liquids to evaporate. In simple words, it is used for the evaporation of solutions. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell 36‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To cl (ATP) | Bost Notes [© Love Cham (070) + Bunsen burner: This gas burner provides heat during an experiment to substances (also used for combustion). + Volumetric flask: It is used to prepare precise solutions very accurately (of known concentration). These were some basic uses of the most commonly used apparatus in the laboratory. Now, let’s move on to the topics which appear commonly in CIE ATP exams. General rules of solubility (for common salts): Below is a table that summarises the solubilities of some salts in water. Note: It is important to know the solubilities of some salts because their preparation is a part of your syllabus. No. Anions Solubility in Water 1. Nitrates (NO3-) All are soluble Halides: Bromide (Br -) 2. All are soluble except lead (Pb2+) and silver (Ag+) Chloride (Cl -) lodide (1 -) 3. Carbonates (CO3 2) They (all) are insoluble except K+, NH4+ and Nat 4. Sulphates (S0,7-) All are soluble except Pb2+, Ba2+, Ag+ and Ca2+ 5. Oxides & Hydroxides All are soluble except Kt and Na+ 6. Cations All K+, Na+ and NH4+ salts are soluble When you know about the solubilities of salts, it will be easier to learn the topic about the preparation of salts (because the method to prepare soluble and insoluble salts is different). npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell ane‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Nots |O Level Chemistry (5070) With this, it is time to move on to another very important topic for the ATP paper, which is about the identification of cations and anions. Identifications of cations: This is a part of qualitative analysis (salt analysis) and is one of the most important topics for this paper. Therefore, the table below will help you to memorise some important details. This table is about the effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia on cations. (ppt refers to precipitate in the table). Some points regarding the identifications of cations (positive ions) are: + They (cations) can be identified by the (colour) precipitate. + If we add excess NaOH (sodium hydroxide), then some precipitates may dissolve to form a colourless solution. + The same is done with aqueous ammonia. Cations Effect of NaOH (aq) Effect of NH3 (aq) Aluminium (AL 3s) White ppt (soluble in excess) White ppt (insoluble in excess) 3 Calcium (Ca 2+) White ppt (insoluble in excess) No ppt Zinc (Zn 2+) White ppt (soluble in excess) _ White ppt (soluble in excess) Light blue ppt (insoluble in _Light blue ppt (soluble in Copper (Cu 2+) excess) excess) Iron || (Fe 2+) Green ppt (insoluble in excess) Green ppt (insoluble in excess) Reddish-brown ppt (insoluble Reddish-brown ppt (insoluble Iron ||| (Fe 3+) | jl in excess) in excess) npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell sé‘ans, 239M ‘Atemative To Practical (ATP) | Best Notes | Level Chemisty (5070) Cations Effect of NaOH (aq) Effect of NH3 (aq) Ammonium (NH Ammonia gas released on 4+) heating Now, let me share another important topic with you, which is about the identification of anions (negative ions). Identification of anions: Some of the anions you should know about are: 1. Carbonate ion (CO3"2) 2. Sulphate ion (S04?) 3. Nitrate ion (NO3-) 4. Chloride ion (Cl -) 5. lodide ion (1 -) Anion Test Observation lcarbonatel add aitute Hei _| ervescence ‘Acidity with dilute| nitric acid. Then add aqueous barium nitrate ; ‘Add NaOH (aq) Ammonia Nitrate | and Aluminium. Sulphate White ppt produced Then warm A“ Add dilute nitric " Chloride | ia + silvernitrata_ White ppt lodide Add dilute nitric Yellow ppt [acid + silver nitrate} npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell eine‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To The table above will help you to learn about the tests (and observation) for the ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) anions required by your syllabus. With this, let’s move on to another very important topic which is about the tests for some gases. Further Reading: Chemical Bonding | 0 Level Questions Electrolysis explained in plain English | 0 Level Organic Chemistry Made Simple | 0 Level Test for Gases: You should know that a gas is often released (given off) during the test of an unknown salt. Below are some details for you about the tests for some gases. Remember that this topic is important for your Chemistry exam. Therefore, try to learn them. Carbon Dioxide (C02) —> Bubble it through limewater (it turns milky). A white precipitate is formed. Hydrogen (H2) — Place a lighted splint. It goes off with a “pop” sound. Oxygen (02) — It relights a glowing splint. Ammonia (NH3) — It turns moist red litmus paper blue. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell m6‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) Chlorine (Cl2) — It turns moist blue litmus paper red (because it is acidic in nature), and then is bleached. Sulfur Dioxide (S02) — It turns purple acidified Potassium Manganate (Vil) colourless. How to solve Moles questions in ATP? In the alternative to practical (ATP) exam, the questions related to moles are “must. This means that in almost all papers, moles related questions appear. Note that these questions carry a lot of marks (and you have to practise them to get good grades). Below | have solved a complete past paper (moles) question (so you know how to solve them). Therefore, try to understand the concept so that you can solve questions like this easily. Question 2 (May June 2020): Limewater is a saturated solution of Ca(OH), (calcium hydroxide). The mass of calcium hydroxide in 1.00 dm3 of limewater is found out by a student. The student takes the following steps: + 25.0 cm3 of limewater is measured (in a flask) using a 100 cm3 measuring cylinder. + Methyl orange indicator is added to the flask. * 0100 mol/dm3 HCL is added to a burette and the initial reading is noted. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell ane‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) + The HClis added to the flask until the mixture changes colour. + He then notes down the final reading. + He repeats the same experiment twice. (a): The diagram below shows the initial and final titration results (| have completed the below table for you). 2 12) Fa 4 2 (2) este fomston fe rams to compos th ross abl. ‘wat number 5 2 7 3 | teal reedegicn® | 11, 23.7 349 Intiiendegien® |, 6 237 | vouneusesien? | WG) 121) W2 (b) (i): The results were not consistent. Identify the apparatus that the student may have used (that is not accurate enough) for the titration. Answer: Measuring cylinder (because it does not give accurate readings). (b) be used for the experiment). Suggest a more accurate piece of apparatus for the experiment (that can Answer: Pipette or Burette because they are more accurate than the measuring cylinder. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell ane‘103, 290 Pw ‘Atemative To (b) of the titration. Suggest why the student adds HCl drop by drop? ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) he student adds HCl (hydrochloric acid) drop-by-drop near the endpoint Answer: This ensures that the experiment is more accurate. This is because if the experiment is done in this way, it will prevent going past the endpoint. Lastly, it will ensure that the correct volume (amount) of neutralisation is measured. (c): The exact experiment is repeated by the student (three more times). The results are shown in the table below. Tick the best titration result. Note: The best titration results are those results that are closer to each other (I have completed the table for you). Titration Number ' ; : frat reads’! Tyg 233 | 336 ee recom 0 7 | 22.3 veume | 118 née | ns “an| ¥ |v (i): Use the ticked values (from the table above) and calculate the average volume of 0100 mol/dm3 the hydrochloric acid (HCl) used. Answer: Average volume = (11.8 + 11.6) / 2 = 11.7 cm3 Find out the number of moles of the HCl used in the average volume of 0.100 mol/dm3 HCL. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell 10116‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) Answer: Number of moles = (Concentration) x (Volume) So moles = 0.100 x (11.7 / 1000) = 1.17 x 10° mol Note: We divided 11.7 with 1000 to convert cm3 to dm3 (you should look at the units very carefully). Calculate the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) in 25.0 cm3 of limewater by using the equation below: 2 HCI + Ca(OH): > CaCly + 2 H20 Answer: Using the equation, we can say that the ratio of the number of moles of HCl and Ca(OH)2 is This means that the number of moles of Calcium hydroxide will be half the number of moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Therefore, the number of moles will be equal to: (117 x 10°) / 2 = 5.85 x 104 mol (iv): Calculate the number of moles of calcium hydroxide in 1.00 dm3 of limewater. Answer: Number of moles of Ca(OH)2 in 25.0 cm3 of limewater = 5.85 x 10-4 So the number of moles in 1.00 dm3 (or 1000 cm3) of limewater will be equal to: = (5.85 x 10° x 1000) / 25 = 0.0234 moles (v): Calculate the Mr (relative molecular mass) of Ca(OH)2. npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell 16‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) Answer: To find the Mr, we are going to add relative atomic mass of all the atoms. Mr = 40 + (2x16) + (2x1) = 74 (vi): Calculate the mass of Ca(OH)2 in 1.00 dm3 of limewater. (Use part (iv) and (v) for this question). Answer: Mass = Moles x Mr Mass = (0.0234) x (74) = 1.73 g With this, our moles related question has come to an end. If you are having trouble understanding any question, do leave a comment below. Some other ATP Concepts: + The presence of an impurity in a compound will lower its melting point (because it causes the forces between molecules to easily overcome). Moreover, the impurities (in a solution) increase the boiling point. This is because more heat is required to vaporize the impure solution. + The table below shows the colour changes of some indicators (these are often asked in the moles related questions). Colour in Colour in Indleater Acidic Alkaline Methyl Red orange Yellow Litmus Red Blue Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink ‘Bromothymol Meee Yellow Blue npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell sane‘1273, 2:39 PM. Akematve To ical (ATP) | Best Notes | Lovel Chemistry (5070) + To ensure that the results are accurate (and reliable), we repeat the experiment and takes the average values. Conclusion: Now, I turn it over (to you people). Which alternative to the practical (ATP) concept you enjoyed reading the most? And which topic you found the most challenging? Anyway, do let me know in the comments below. Some important topics, such as the identification of cations and anions and the colours of indicators have been discussed in detail. Thank you very much for reading and staying with me till the end. Stay tuned for more. - Previous NEXT > How to get an A* in IGCSE Biology Article Writing Format | Sample | 0 (0610) | 5 Proven Tips Level English (1123) | Best Notes Similar Posts Inheritance Made Simple | How Did Bangladesh Gain O Level Biology (5090) | Freedom From Pakistan | 5 Best Notes Amazing Facts npe:blogswithag.convatemative-to-pactcal-atp-notes-o-evell 1316‘1273, 2:39 PM. ‘Altemative To Practical (ATP) | Best Notes | O Level Chemisty (5070) Bywaleedgohar January 9, 2022 By Waleed Gohar 2 Comments Alishba says: June 28, 2021 at 9:15 am Excellent points a Reply January 6, 2020 waleedgohar says: June 28, 2021 at 12:11 pm Glad about that! Reply Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. 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