Reg No.

:_______________ Name:__________________________
02000MET292072101
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Fourth Semester B.Tech (Hons) Degree Examination July 2021 (2019 admission)

Course Code: MET292

Course Name: CONTINUUM MECHANICS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks
1 Describe about Kronecker delta 3
2 With suitable example explain about Einstein’s summation convention 3
3 Prove that 𝐕 = √𝐁 3
4 Prove that 𝐄 = (𝐂 − 𝐈) 3

5 Brief about octahedral planes. 3

6 Explain about stress invariants 3
7 State the law of conservation of angular momentum 3
8 Write the equilibrium equation in Cartesian coordinate system 3
9 Obtain the compatibility equation in terms of stress function 3
10 Explain about Generalized Hooke’s law 3
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) Evaluate 6
i. 𝜖 𝜖
ii. 𝐮 ∙ (𝐯 × 𝐰)
iii. (𝐮𝐯) ∶ (𝐰𝐬)
b) Expand using Einstein’s summation convention 8
i. 𝜎 , + 𝜌𝑏 = 𝜌𝑎
ii. 𝑢 𝑣 𝑤 𝐞
iii. 𝑇 𝑣 𝐞

12 a) Prove that 6
i. curl (curl u) =grad(div 𝐮) − ∇ 𝐮

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b) 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 8
Show that the determinant, det 𝐴 = 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 may be expressed in
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
the form 𝜖 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
Module -2
13 a) For the motion given by the equations 8
𝑥 = 𝑋 + 2𝑋 , 𝑥 = 𝑋 − 2𝑋 , 𝑥 = 𝑋 − 2𝑋 + 2𝑋 . Determine the Green
and Almansi Hamel strain tensors
b) Given the following large shear deformation 6
𝑥 = 𝑋 + 2𝑋 , 𝑥 = 𝑋 , 𝑥 = 𝑋
Determine
i. the differential vectors 𝑑𝐱 ( )
and 𝑑𝐱 ( )
which are the deformed
vectors resulting from 𝑑𝐗 ( )
= 𝑑X ( ) 𝐄 and 𝑑𝐗 ( )
= 𝑑X ( ) 𝐄 .
ii. Determine the change in the original right angle between 𝑑𝐱( )
and
𝑑𝐱 ( )
due to the deformation
14 a) Consider the deformation given by 𝑥 = 2(𝑋 − 𝑋 ), 𝑥 = 𝑋 + 𝑋 , 𝑥 = 𝑋 10
Determine
i. the right stretch tensor U
ii. the rotation tensor R
iii. principal stretches of U
b) A displacement field is given by 𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑥 , 𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑥 , 𝑢 = 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑥 . 4
Determine the strain tensor 𝜖
Module -3
15 a) The state of stress referred to axes 𝑃𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 is given in MPa by the matrix 14
9 12 0
𝜎 = 12 −9 0
0 0 5
Determine
i. the normal and shear components, 𝜎 and 𝜏 respectively, on the plane
at P whose normal vector is 𝐧 = 4𝐞𝟏 + 3𝐞𝟐
ii. Obtain the principal stresses and the maximum principal directions.
iii. Obtain the spherical and deviatoric stress for the stress tensor
16 a) Derive Cauchy’s stress equation 8
b) The state of stress at a point is given by the stress tensor 6

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𝜎 𝑎𝜎 𝑏𝜎
𝜎 = 𝑎𝜎 𝜎 𝑐𝜎 where a, b, c are constants and 𝜎 is some stress value.
𝑏𝜎 𝑐𝜎 𝜎
Determine the constants a, b, and c so that the stress vector on the octahedral
plane vanishes
Module -4
17 a) Derive continuity equation in material form 6
b) Using the principle of conservation of angular momentum, prove that 𝜎 = 𝜎 8
18 a) State and prove the law of conservation of linear momentum 10
b) Explain Reynold’s Transport Theorem 4
Module -5
19 a) Derive the compatibility condition for plain stress problems. Assume no body 8
forces
b) Deduce the constitutive equation of a linear elastic isotropic material from the 6
constitutive relation of a linear elastic anisotropic material
20 a) Show that for an isotropic elastic medium 𝜇 = and 𝜆 = ( 6
( ) )( )

b) Consider a special stress function having the form 𝜙 = 𝐵 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝐷 𝑥 𝑥 . 8

Show that this stress function may be adapted to solve for the stresses in an
end-loaded cantilever beam shown in the above figure. Assume that body
forces are zero for this problem

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