b.

Block Elements
Electronegativity decreases as move down thegp.
last to enters in p-orbital
coal
Reactivity -

*
·b-Block is from group 13 to group 18. N=
N(N2)
·General Electronic Configuration use up- Elemental Nitrogen highly unreactive
is

because ofits strong trible bond and high

Group-15 Elements (NITROGEN FAMILY
or Pnicogens) bond energy (almost as inert as noble gas
7 252263 white

one I opnosohobusis answersonmeeS

N Nitrogen GaS Peis extremely reactive a
-

kept in water.
0

45245) HYDRIDES
As Arsenic 33 All the elements
of6-15 reacts
- -

Metalloid
51553563 with Hydrogen to four hydrides
3) Antimony
8 the general formula Ets

NH3 PHy ASHy soty Bits

general electronic configuration -
nscups
Arsine Stibine Bismuthine
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧ Ammonia Phosphine

PERIODIC TABLE TRENDS ·

N
⑤ Es · ⑤
/12 /I
/11 /1- /I nun
run unn nun nun
Atomic Radi Ionisation Enthalpy
hyb-sp3 Geo-Tetra
decreases shabe
trigonayramidal
-

-Increase
->

hedral

Increases decrease
↓
BASIC STRENGTH
Act as Lewis Base due to

Metallic Character Electronegativity the presence of lone pair oe0

A - At
Be Basic decreases down the gp
->
decrease strength

Increase
->Increase A
AL
STABILITY stability towards Heat
decrease
↓

NH2-4 As down the

we move
Electron
Affinity Increase PH- H
- >

↓ AsH-H group bond length inc

decrease and their stability
SbH-4
towards heat decreases.
Acidic (Oxi. State Bitts-n
Strength &
REDUCING CHARACTER Tendency
constate
to release the
Basic strength
NH2-H down the group reducing
⑦ An
State -

3,+5, +3due to inert

DH2-4
character increases, due to
Asta -
H
increase in bond length and
pair effect) Sb+ -
4

ATOMICITY Bitt-n decrease in thermal stability.

N, is a diatomic gas while others
SOLUBILITY NH, is soluble in water because
tetra atomic solids.
-

are
can
it H Bond with water.
form
ATOMIC RADII increase as we move down the group.
HALIDE All the elements G-15 react with
of
IONISATION ENTUALLY minimum energy required halogen and form halide of the

to general formula EXs and EX5 (exceptN)

remove outermoste0.
possible but alsis
~PCsis
I.E x1 I.E & Effective I.Ex stable not became
at Vadi Nuclear configuration doesn't have
Charge I have vacant while N
d-orbil vacant d-orbital
6C =N 8O I.E, of Nitrogen is higher
25224252249 than oxygen due to stable P + 352363 N -252263
252262
Electronic Conf. Chalf filled)
 Anomalous Behaviour is due NaNOs +H2SO-
of Nitrogen UNO, NaHSOx
-
to +

CH+ HS04]
small size High Ionisation Energy
-

-> -

->
High Electronegativity - Absence
of
vacant d-orbital.
Properties of Nitric Acid

DINTROGEN (N2 -N=N) HNOs + H20 ->

NOs +Hy0+
Acid Base Conjugate conjugate
Preparation
-
NHL +NaNOL -
N2+24,0 +NaL Base Acid
(NH)2C207Es N2 +4H20 +Cr2Os
Pure 2NaNy = GNa+JNz (H
Cu+HNO,(dil -> CuNOy +H20 + NO

In +
zide
A
Ba(N3), Ba + 3Nz (4) HNOs(dil-cu(NOx), + H20 +N20
Cu + 4NOs cconc - Cu(NOsIc +
NO2 +H20
Properties -

Cn+ HNDs In
(NO3IntNOn+H2O
Li + N2 * LigN Mg +Nc
->
Mg, Nz cconc ->

Net TH INHs N2+02 -> 2 NO

Is HN0g+
->
HI0, +NO2 +H2O
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧.
Px+ HNOs ->
HyPO+ + NO2 +H2O
AMMONIA (NH3)
38 + HNOs ->
H2SO, NOn+H20
+

Haber Process - N2+ 3Hc - CNAs

C +
UNO,
->
COn+NOw +
H
&H =
-461K5/mol
For maximum yield, condition of le-chatelier
Brown Test (test for N0s)
Principle followed Ring Nitrate Ion

is that felt
High Pressure -
200 atm Principle of this test ion can

Mo-Catalytic Promotor festion and Nitrate

Catalyst-FezOs, be oxidised to ion

temp reduced to Nitric Oxide (NO)

->
optimum temp app. 700k

Alternative methods NO,+ FeCt+4H+ - NO +Fe3++ 2H20

2* a
NHCONH2 +2H20 -
(NHacCOs F2NHy +H20 +CO2 [Fe (H20),] + NO -o
[Fe CH20),NOT + H2P
Brown complex.
GNH,4 +CaCOHz -
INHy+CaUnt CH20
ALLOTROPES
(NH4),SO4+9NaOH 2NHs+N92SOn +2HU
a
-
Two or more differentphysical
Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0
⑧.
Properties -

form in which an elementcan exist.

NHy +H0 ->
Nxt + one
Phosphorous
(NHA),SOx InCONz
e n

InSOp +2NHpOn - +
white Por Yellowp Red P
FeCy + NaOH -a Fe0j. CCH20 +NHAL
yellow 5 Red P
white but turn white
·
-

+
CaSt+ 4NHs F [Cu(NHs) 4] on exposure intartil
deep blue for several days.

Ag+ GNHs F [Ay (NH3),] colorless

+
·

Maxy
solid can be Park Red color
cut with knife
·
Brittle Powder
Uses It is used in refrigerators, manufacturing. Garlic odour
·
odourless
ofrayon, HN3, NacOS, Nitrogeneous 2.1
fertilizers.
·
1.84 g/m4
·
g/mL
it is much less
I chemically
NITRIC ACID (HNOs) reactive than white 0]
↳Ostwald Process Tetrahedral Pa Polymeric consistof
ANH, +502 E 4N0+6H0
500K, molecule
9 bar molecule
2 NO,

oraoral
[N0+02

o
->

P
3NO2 +H,0 C4NO, +NO
-

->
 Phosphine (PH3) Oxoacids of Phosphorous
is
It prepared by treating phosphorous
white

with Noon in inert atmosphere Phosphoric Acid -

HyPO/ I
PA 3NaOH 3H0 -PHy+ NaHzPOL Corthophosphoric Acid)
on
+ +
not
[sodium Hypophosphite]

R Bharat Panchal-Chemistry Guruji2.0

⑧. i [Tribasic Acid]
P Acid
CayP2 + H20 -
PH3 +CaCOnc 43PO, Phosphorous
n 'Onon * (orthophosphorous Acid)
CayPa +HL ->PHy +CaCl IDibasic Acid]
C. Phosphine has impurities due which
to Hypophosphorous i
-
P smonobasic
it becomes inflammable. It is purified from Acid Acids
n
n
impurities by passing HI
------------
PH15+KON -- KI +H Hypophosphoric Pyrobhosphoris
Our Phosphine Acid Acid

Ron
>
PHy+HBr-PHyBr (Phy HAP206 H1P207

CUSOATPHy -
CryPa+H2SO4 00
P

- used as
HgCa +PHy
smoke screen
->

in
4g,P2+ YU
warfare
no on
-b
bon -oron
->
used as HOLME'S SIGNAL.. Tetrabasic Tetrabasic
- . . . . . .

PHOSPHOROUS HALIDES Metaphosphoric Cyclometa phosphoric

Acid Acid
↳
* (pentanalide)
(Tribalide)
PC5 UPO (POSIs
PC3 C O
II
P
10-

b
N

0-on
⑯ a =

no! = o
nor
↳ !
P-
dar
-

Two axial bond and -on

three equatorial bond. Polymetaphosphoric Acid.
(400sn
Px+ 6C2-PUy PA+ 1042 -
PH5
&
Pls + H20 PUs+H20 -HyPO
-HsPI on O Or
11

o/P -O -----or
Hu +
I

R-OH +PLy + R-C R-ON + P45-R-C+ POL

+
HyPOs -

R-COOK + PC -
R-COC + HyPOs R-COOn +P45 ->
+
H4
R-4 Ind On !
+

POU,+HU

GPUs is covalentin gaseous state but

getchanged in ionic compound in solid

state because of complex cation and complex

anion
2045 ->
TPU+]
+
[PU]O
Square Bibyramidal Tetrahedral octahedral