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Learning Task # 5-7

This document outlines learning objectives and tasks related to data collection methods in education statistics. It differentiates between primary and secondary data, describing primary data as first-hand information collected directly from original sources, while secondary data has already been previously collected. Several data collection methods like surveys, observations, interviews and focus groups are defined and their advantages/disadvantages discussed. Commonly used data collection tools are enumerated, including surveys/questionnaires, observation, and others, describing their characteristics and providing examples. Learning task #7 involves reading about and discussing the development and validation of a research instrument.

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52 views4 pages

Learning Task # 5-7

This document outlines learning objectives and tasks related to data collection methods in education statistics. It differentiates between primary and secondary data, describing primary data as first-hand information collected directly from original sources, while secondary data has already been previously collected. Several data collection methods like surveys, observations, interviews and focus groups are defined and their advantages/disadvantages discussed. Commonly used data collection tools are enumerated, including surveys/questionnaires, observation, and others, describing their characteristics and providing examples. Learning task #7 involves reading about and discussing the development and validation of a research instrument.

Uploaded by

kyla marie bardillon taraya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LEARNING TASK # 5-7

In Statistics in Education

Intended Learning Outcomes

• Describe the different methods of data collection


• Tell the applicability and the advantages and disadvantages of each method
• Differentiate primary data from secondary data and tell the advantages and disadvantages
of primary and secondary data collection methods
• Enumerate and describe different data collection instruments
• Develop instruments that are valid and reliable

Topics: 1. Methods in Data Collection


2. Data Collection Instruments

Learning Task #5

1. Differentiate primary data from secondary data.


- Primary data is information obtained directly from original sources. This
information is obtained by researchers or individuals for a specific research
objective. Primary data is regarded as first-hand information and is often more
time-consuming and expensive to gather than secondary data.

- Secondary data, on the other hand, is information gathered by someone else for a
reason other than your own. It is previously published or made available.
Secondary data sources include books, papers, government reports, databases, and
websites.
2. Complete the matrices below.
Method
Obtrusive or Primary Data Collection Unobtrusive or Secondary Data
Method Collection Method
General Surveys include direct interaction with When existing survey data is
Description participants or respondents, as well as analyzed for research purposes,
the administration of standardized or surveys can be utilized as a
semi-structured questionnaires to secondary data-gathering method.
collect information.
Sample
situation
(study) in
which the
method is
applicable
Advantages
Disadvantage
s

Method
Observation Interviews
General
Description
Sample
situation
(study) in
which the
method is
applicable
Advantages
Disadvantage
s
Method
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) The Use of Questionnaires and
Other Self-report Instruments
General
Description
Sample
situation
(study) in
which the
method is
applicable
Advantages
Disadvantage
s
Method
Textual or content analysis Experimental
General
Description
Sample
situation
(study) in
which the
method is
applicable
Advantages
Disadvantage
s

Learning Task # 6

Enumerate five tools or instruments commonly used in gathering data for research
purposes. Describe each tool and enumerate the characteristics that make it a good tool. Provide
an example of each tool and cite your source.

1. Surveys/Questionnaires:
Description: Surveys and questionnaires are structured data collection tools
that consist of a set of questions designed to gather specific information from
respondents.

Characteristics:
● Standardization: They provide standardized questions for all participants,
ensuring consistency.
● Large-Scale Data Collection: Can be administered to a large number of
participants.

Quantitative Data: Typically yield quantitative data that can be analyzed


statistically.

Example: A researcher conducting a study on consumer preferences in the food


industry may distribute a survey asking participants to rate different food products
on a scale of 1 to 5.

Source: Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer,
E., & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey methodology. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Observation:
Description: Observation involves systematically watching and recording events,
behaviors, or phenomena as they occur in a natural setting.

Characteristics:
● Non-Intrusive: Data collection occurs in a non-intrusive manner, without direct
participant interaction.

Real-World Context: Provides data in the context where the behavior naturally
occurs.
Subjective Interpretation: Researcher's interpretation may be necessary for
qualitative data.

Example: A psychologist observing children in a school playground to study their


social interaction patterns.

Source: Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2006). Qualitative research for


education: An introduction to theories and methods. Pearson.

3.

Learning Task # 7

Read an article about the development and validation of a research instrument.


Discuss the steps done in the development and validation of the tool/s. Attach a copy of the
instrument.

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