AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

AMO 2019 Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 1

Find the sum of the digits of the sum below.

93517 + 35179 + 51793 + 17935 + 79351

Question 2

How many 4-digit numbers have a digit sum of 5?

Question 3

Four darts are thrown at the dartboard shown. A miss scores 0

points. The four scores are added together. Find the least
whole number score that is impossible to obtain.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 4

The sum of the ages of three brothers is 32. The oldest brother is twice as old as the
youngest brother. The ages of the two older brothers differ by 3 years. How old is
the youngest brother?

Question 5

A locker combination consists of 5 different single digit numbers. The second

number is twice the first; the third number is 50% more than the second; the fourth
number is 1 more than the first; and the fifth number is 2 more than the fourth. Find
the sum of the digits of the combination.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 6

There is a method to square a number that ends with the digit “5”.

25  25 = 625 because “2” times “2 + 1” = 6 and 5  5 = 25.

35  35 = 1225 because “3” times “3 + 1” = 12 and 5  5 = 25.

45  45 = 2025 because “4” times “4 + 1” = 20 and 5  5 = 25.

They always end with a “25”.

If 245 × 245 = 100 × 𝑁 + 25, the value of 𝑁.

Question 7

Jessica has a rectangle made of construction paper. She folds the rectangle in half
to form another rectangle. She folds the resulting rectangle in half to form a 6-cm-
by-6-cm square. What is the area (in cm2) of Jessica’s original rectangle?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 8

The people going to the event were comprised of couples. No couple could be split
between 2 buses and no single bus could hold more than 65 people. What is the
least number of buses needed to get the 600 people to the event with the same
number of couples on each bus?

Question 9

How many 3-digit whole numbers have their digits in decreasing order (reading from
left to right)?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 10

In the multiplication AB × BA = A45B, A and B represent different digits, AB and BA

are 2-digit numbers and A45B is a 4-digit number. If AB is less than BA, what is the
2-digit number BA?

Question 11

The place cards shown are folded along the A B C D E F

dotted line so that only a number or letter is
visible. Chrissy enters the room and sees all 1 2 3 4 5 6
six place cards, some with numbers showing and some with letters showing. The
numbers that she sees add up to 11. How many different sets of numbers are
possible?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 12

Find the ones digit of the sum below.

210 + 39

Question 13

If the area of the triangle CAB is 27 cm2, find the total area (in
cm2) of the two unshaded triangles in the triangle CAB?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 14

The 6 faces of the cube shown at the right are each painted
black. The cube is then cut into 64 smaller identical cubes. How
many of these 64 cubes have black paint on at least 2 faces?

Question 15

The 5-digit number 4A12B is divisible by 99. How many different values for 4A12B
are possible?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 16

A MOEMS-tile is shaped like an M as shown. It is a 5 by 5

square with two 4 by 1 rectangles removed. Jimmy is
playing a game where the object is to place as many
MOEMS-tiles as possible on a 6 by 42 game board without
any overlap. What is the maximum number of tiles Jimmy
can place on this board?

Question 17

How many digits are there in the second least multiple of 41 whose only digits are
1?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 18

In the figure, the octagon is made up of two overlapping squares. The overlapping
region is also a square. The larger square has a side length of 6
cm. The smaller square has one corner at the center of the larger
square, and the smaller square has a side length of 4 cm. Find the
area (in cm2) of the smallest square possible that can surround the
entire octagon.

Question 19

A football league has 10 teams. During the season, each of the 10 teams plays
exactly 3 games with each of the other teams. What is the total number of games
played?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 20

One light flashes every 7 minutes and another light flashes every 2 minutes. If both
lights flash together at 1 PM, how many minutes after 3 PM will both lights flash
together for the first time?

Question 21

A team won first 2 of their 9 games and lost 25% of the remaining games. In total,
2
they won of all their games. How many games did they lose?
3

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 22

In the cryptarithm shown, different letters represent different

digits. If two letters are the same, they represent the same digit.
What is the least value that GOO could be?

Question 23

In the cryptarithm shown, different letters represent different digits. If

two letters are the same they represent the same digit. When A = 5
and O = 4, what is the greatest value that WIN could be?

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest

Question 24

A ladder has 7 rungs. An ant is going to climb the ladder, without B

retracing any part of its path, to get to the top rung of the ladder. Given
that the ant starts at A, the middle of the bottom rung, how many
different ways can the ant get to point B, the middle of the top rung?

Question 25

In a book, 843 digits were used to number all the pages consecutively, starting with
1. How many pages are in the book?

END OF PAPER

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

AMO 2019 Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 1

The ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and ten thousands place digits each consist of
1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, in some order. So, using 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 in each place
value, the problem becomes 25 + 250 + 2500 + 25000 + 250000, which equals
277,775 and sum of its digits is 7 × 5 = 𝟑𝟓.

Answer: 035

Question 2

Using the digit 1 and 2: 1112, 1121, 1211, 2111 - 4 numbers.

Using the digits 3, 0 and 1: 1130, 1103, 1310, 1013, 1031, 1301, 3110, 3101, 3011 -
9 numbers
Using the digits 2, 0 and 1: 1220, 1202, 1022, 2210, 2201, 2120, 2102, 2021, 2012 -
9 numbers.
Using the digits 3 and 2: 2003, 2030, 2300, 3002, 3020, 3200 - 6 numbers.
Using the digits 1 and 4: 1004, 1040, 1400, 4001, 4010, 4100 - 6 numbers.
Using the digit 5: 5000, 1 number.
4+9+9+6+6+1=35.
Answer: 035

Question 3

The numbers 1 through 38 are possible to obtain. The examples of how to obtain
first 23 numbers are shown below. The numbers 24 through 38 can be obtained
similarly.

1, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 + 1, 4, 4 + 1, 4 + 1 + 1, 4 + 1 + 1 + 1, 4 + 4, 9, 9 + 1, 9 + 1 + 1,

9 + 1 + 1 + 1, 9 + 4, 9 + 4 + 1, 9 + 4 + 1 + 1, 16, 16 + 1, 16 + 1 + 1, 16 + 1 + 1 + 1,

16 + 4, 16 + 4 + 1, 16 + 4 + 1 + 1,

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Thus, the least whole number score that is impossible to obtain is 39.

Answer: 039

Question 4

Let the age of the youngest brother be 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡, then the ages of the two older
brothers are (2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 − 3) and 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Hence

1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 + (2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 − 3) + 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 32

5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 − 3 = 32

5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 32 + 3 = 35

1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 35 ÷ 5 = 𝟕

Answer: 007

Question 5

Since the second number is twice the first, the first digit can only be 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Create a table of values for each case.

1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
From the third number is 50% more than the second, we get the following
possibilities which leads to an impossible case where the 1st digit is 4.

1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9
4 8 12
From the fourth number is 1 more than the first, we get the following possibilities
which leads to an impossible case where the 1st digit is 1.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit
1 2 3 2
2 4 6 3
3 6 9 4
From the fifth number is 2 more than the fourth, we get the following possibilities
which leads to an impossible case where the 1st digit is 3.

1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit
2 4 6 3 5
3 6 9 4 6
Therefore, the locker combination 24635 and the sum of its digits is 20.

Answer: 020

Question 6

Let n be the first digit(s) in the number being squared. For example, when 45 is
squared, n is 4 and when 135 is squared n is 13. The squared value is n  (n + 1)
followed by the number 25. Therefore, when n = 24, the result is 24  25 = 600
followed by the number 25. Hence 245 × 245 = 60025 = 100 × 𝑁 + 25 and 𝑁 =
𝟔𝟎𝟎.

Answer: 600

Question 7

METHOD 1 Strategy: Work backwards from the final figure.

The final resulting rectangle is a 6-cm-by-6-cm square; therefore it has an area of 36

cm2. Since the original rectangle was folded in half, twice, the final rectangle can be
“un-folded” twice, to get back to the original. If it is unfolded once, the area will
double, meaning 2 × 36 = 72 cm2. If it is unfolded once more, the area will double
again, that is 2 × 72 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 cm2.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

METHOD 2 Strategy: Draw pictures.

The last square is 6  6, which means the original rectangle was either a square or a
rectangle. The dimensions of the original rectangle were either 12  12 or 6  24. In
either case, the area is 144 cm2.

Answer: 144

Question 8

Since no couple could be split between 2 buses and no single bus could hold more
than 65 people, then the greatest number of people on the bus can be 64, 62 or 60.
However, only 60 divides 600 evenly and the least number of buses needed is 600 ÷
60 = 𝟏𝟎.

Answer: 010

Question 9

If the hundreds digit is 2, then there is only 1 number 210.

If the hundreds digit is 3, then there are only 3 numbers: 321, 320 and 310.

If the hundreds digit is 4, then there are only 6 numbers:

432, 431, 430, 421, 420 and 410.

If the hundreds digit is 5, then there are only 10 numbers:

543, 542, 541, 540, 532, 531, 530, 521, 520 and 510

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

The numbers 1, 3, 6 and 10 form the following pattern:

1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36
+2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8

So, if the hundreds digit is 6, then there are only 15 numbers and so on for the rest
of the hundreds digits.

Thus, there are 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + 21 + 28 + 36 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 such 3-digit numbers.

Answer: 120

Question 10

The product of the ones digits in AB and BA results in the ones digit of A45B or
B×A=B. Hence A must be 1. The product 1B×B1=145B is greater than 1450, so B
must be 8 or 9. Only B=8 satisfies the multiplication 18×81=1458 and BA=81.

Answer: 081

Question 11

Since 6 is the greatest number and can be used only once, find other numbers that
add up to 5 so that together they will equal 11. The sets (6, 5), (6, 4, 1) and (6, 3,
2) add up to 11.

Then we use 5 as the greatest number and get (5, 4, 2) as one possible set and (5,
3, 2, 1) as another set.

There are 5 sets of different numbers possible.

Answer: 005

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 12
The pattern of the last digits of the powers of 2 is 2, 4, 8 and 6. Hence the last digit
of 210 is 4.

The pattern of the last digits of the powers of 3 is 3, 9, 7 and 1. Hence the last digit
of 39 is 3.

The ones digit of the sum is 4 + 3 = 𝟕.

Answer: 007

Question 13

Find the area of each shaded triangle using A = (1/2)  base 

height. The base and height of a right triangle are the legs of
the triangle.

Let 𝑥 be the length of a small square in the diagram.

6𝑥×3𝑥 27
The area of CAB = 27cm2= = 9𝑥 2 . Hence 𝑥 2 = = 3.
2 9

The total area of the three shaded triangles is

2𝑥 × 𝑥 2𝑥 × 2𝑥 2𝑥 × 3𝑥
+ + = 6𝑥 2 = 6 × 3 = 18.
2 2 2
Thus, the total area of the two unshaded triangles is 27 − 18 = 𝟗.
Answer: 009

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 14

The middle 2 small cubes on each edge of the big cube have
2 faces painted each.

A small cube on each vertex of the big cube has 3 faces

painted.

Since there are 12 edges and 8 vertices, the desired number

is

12 × 2 + 8 = 𝟑𝟐.

Answer: 032

Question 15

A number is divisible by 99 if it is divisible by 11 and 9.

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. The number will be
divisible by 9 if 4+A+1+2+B = 7+A+B is divisible by 9. So, A+B=11. Then A-B must
be an odd number since A+B and A-B have the same parity.

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of the odd-place digits
and the sum of the even-place digits is divisible by 11 or equal to zero. The number
4A12B will be divisible by 11 if 4-A+1-2+B = 3-A+B=0 is 0 or divisible by 11. So,
A–B=3.

The only single-digit numbers that satisfy this are A = 7 and B = 4. Thus, there is
only 1 possible value 47124.

Answer: 001

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 16

METHOD 1 Strategy: Combine 2 tiles to make 1 new tile that is 6 by 6.

Flip one MOEMS-tile upside down and then fit the tile together
with a second MOEMS-tile to form a 6 by 6 square tile with two
of the corners missing. Since the game board is 6 by 42, we can
arrange 7 of these square tiles on the board. Therefore, there
will be 14 of the MOEMS-tiles on the board.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Determine the area of a tile and compare it to the area of the
board.

The game board has an area of 252 square units. The area of a MOEMS-tile is 17
square units. The maximum number of tiles that can be accommodated is 14 (252 ÷
17 = 14 with a remainder of 14). A duplicated tile rotated 180°, can interlock with
the original tile resulting in a 2 square unit loss of coverage for the pair. Therefore,
the maximum number of tiles possible is 14.

Answer: 014

Question 17

The least possible number whose only digit is the number 1, and is greater than 41,
is 111. However, 111 is not divisible by 41 and neither is 1111. When 11,111 is
divided by 41 the result is 271, which means 11,111 is the least multiple of 41
whose only digit is the number 1.

The next number is 111,111 which can be written as 11,111 × 10 + 1. Since

11,111 × 10 is divisible by 41 and 1 is not divisible by 41, then 111,111 is not
divisible by 41.

The following number is 1,111,111 which can be written as 11,111 × 100 + 11. Since
11,111 × 100 is divisible by 41 and 11 is not divisible by 41, then 1,111,111 is not
divisible by 41.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Similarly, 11,111,111 and 111,111,111 are not divisible by 41 which means

1,111,111,111= 11,111 × 100,000 + 11,111 is the second least multiple of 41 whose
only digit is the number 1. There are 10 digits in 1,111,111,111.

Answer: 010

Question 18

Since the overlap is a square and one of its vertices

is at the center of the 6  6 square, we see that
the length of a side of the overlapping square is 3.
We can now use subtraction to determine the
length of each side of the octagon.

A 7 by 7 square is the smallest square that can

surround the entire octagon and its area is
7×7=49 cm2.

Answer: 049

Question 19

Let us count the number of unique games first. Each team plays with the other 9
teams. Therefore, there are 10 × 9 = 90 games. However, each game between any
two games was counted twice. For example, the games between A and B, AB and
BA were counted in 90 games though it is the same game. Hence there are 90 ÷ 2 =
45 unique games.

Since each unique game is played 3 times, the total number of games is 45 × 3 =
𝟏𝟑𝟓.

Answer: 135

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 20
Both lights flash together after every 7 × 2 = 14 minutes:

1 p.m → 1:14 p.m → 1:28 p.m → 1:42 p.m → 1:56 p.m → 2:10 p.m

2:24 p.m → 2:38 p.m → 2:52 p.m → 3:06 p.m

Thus, 6 minutes after 3 PM both lights will flash together for the first time.

Answer: 006

Question 21

Let the number of the remaining games after 9 games be 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.

The team won first 2 of their 9 games and won 75% of the remaining games or 2 +
75% 𝑜𝑓 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 2 + 9 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.

2 2
In total, they won of all their games or 𝑜𝑓 (9 + 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠) = 6 + 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
3 3

Hence 2 + 9 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 6 + 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 and 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 4.

1
They lost 7 + 25% 𝑜𝑓 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 7 + 4 × 12 × 4 = 𝟏𝟗 games.

Answer: 019

Question 22

Notice that the only possible value for G is 1. The least possible value that GOO
could be is 100. Let us check whether it is possible.

If O=0, then D=5 and U=0 which is impossible since O≠U.

If O=1, then D=5 and U=5 which is impossible since D≠U.

Similarly, O=2, 3, 4 and 5 are not possible.

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Thus, O=6, DUCK=8327 or 8345 GOOSE=16654 or 16690. The least value of GOO is
166.

Answer: 166

Question 23

Make a list of the possible numbers to be used and cross them off once use: 0, 1, 2,
3, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Since the goal is to make WIN as great as possible we want W to be 9. This can only
happen if T = 3.
Consider the tens column. Since “I” is both an addend and the sum, the tens column
must add to a 2-digit number so the regrouping will add 1 to the hundreds column
forcing a 4-digit final sum. Therefore, we reject W = 9.
If W = 8, then T = 2 and we need I to make the sum I + 5 + 4 be at least 20. This
is not possible so reject W = 8.
If W = 7, then T = 2 and I + 5 + 4 must be greater than 9 so that regrouping adds
a 1 to the hundreds column. Since we want WIN to be as great as possible let I = 9.
We now have 29C + 25C + 24E = 79N. We need 9 < C + C + E < 20 and we want
N to be as great as possible. The remaining choices for C, E and N are 0, 1, 3, 6,
and 8.
If N = 8, we need C + C + E = 18 but there are no numbers remaining that satisfy
that condition.
If N = 6, we would need C + C + E = 16. This can occur when C = 8 and E = 0.
Therefore, the greatest value for WIN is 796. This occurs when we add the numbers
298, 258, and 240.
Answer: 796

Question 24

From the middle of any rung, there are exactly 2 ways to arrive at the next higher
rung: move (left and up), or move (right and up). Thus, there are 2 ways to ascend
from A to rung two, 2 ways to ascend from rung two to rung 3, and so on. The
“multiplication/counting” principle, tells us to multiply the number of ways to
perform each step. There are 2  2  2  2  2  2 = 64 ways for the ant to ascend
from A to B.

Answer: 064

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AMO 2019, Primary 6 (Grade 6) Contest Solutions

Question 25

Count the number of digits by place.

Ones place:

1, 2, …, 9 → 9 digits

Tens place:

10, 11, …, 99 → 2×90=180 digits

Hundreds place:

100, 101, …, 199 → 3×100=300 digits

200, 201, …, 299 → 3×100=300 digits

So far from 1 to 299, there are 300+300+180+9 = 789 digits.

The remaining 843 − 789 = 54 digits belong to 3-digit numbers. Therefore, there are
54 ÷ 3 = 18 more pages and 299 + 18 = 𝟑𝟏𝟕 pages in total.
Answer: 317

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