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Sample Physics Project

The document describes a physics investigatory project on transformers submitted by a student. It includes an introduction on how transformers work using the principle of mutual induction, the aim and procedure of the experiment, conclusions on the relationships between input/output voltage and turns of the primary and secondary coils, and sources of acknowledgements.

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101 views13 pages

Sample Physics Project

The document describes a physics investigatory project on transformers submitted by a student. It includes an introduction on how transformers work using the principle of mutual induction, the aim and procedure of the experiment, conclusions on the relationships between input/output voltage and turns of the primary and secondary coils, and sources of acknowledgements.

Uploaded by

ipsalinsahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FBS

Physics Investigatory
Project

TRANSFORMER

SUBMITTED BY
Darshan Kumar Dash
Class XIlA SUBMITTED TO
RollNo 31 Mr. Debashish Sahu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express a deep sense of
thanks and gratitude to my physics
teacher Mr. Debasish Sahu and our lab
incharge Mrs. Meenakshi for guiding
me immensely through the course of
the project. They have always envinced
keen interest in my work. Their
constructive advice and constant
motivation has been responsible for
the successful completion of this
project.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Darshan Kumar
Dash, student of class XIl has successfully
completed the Physics Investigatory
Project on the topic "Transformers" under
the guidance of MR. DEBASHISH SAHU
during the academic year 2022-23 for
partial fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted by CBSE.

STUDENT'S SIGN. SIGN. OF INTERNAL EXAMINER

SIGN.OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER


kokinsCIPAL
CONTENT

SL.NO PG.NO
1. AIM OF PROJECT 1
2. INTRODUCTION 2
3. THEORY 3
4. APPARATUS 4
5. PROCEDURE 5
6. USES 6
7. CONCLUSION 7
8. SOURCES OF ERROR 8
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 9
AIM OF PROJECT

To investigate the relation between the ratio


of:

" Input and output voltage.

" Number of turns in the secondary coil


and primary coil of aself
designed transformers.
INTRODUCTION
The transformer is a device used for connecting a low
alternating voltage to a high alternating voltage or vice
versa.

The transformer based on the principle of mutual induction.


According to this principle the amount of magnetic flux
linked with the coil changing, an EMF is induced in the
neighbouring coil.
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for
changing the A. Cvoltage. Atransformer is actually a most
widely used device in both low and high current circuits
they are built in amazing strength and wires it can be few
tense of gram or maybe 100 of turns as
per the requirement.

In atransformer, the electrical energy transfers from


one
circuit to another circuit without the use of moving parts.
Atransformer which increases the voltage is called a step
up transformer and a transformer which decreases the
voltage is called as step down transformer. Therefore
transformer is an essential part of apparatus, both for high
and low current circuits.
THEORY
The working of a transformer is based on the principle of
induction. mutual
Let an ideal transformer in which the primary and
secondary coil
have negligible resistance and all the flux in the core links both
primary and secondary windings.

The induced emf in the primary


coil,
Ep = -NP do/dt

The induced emf in the secondary coil,


Es = - Ns do/dt
Where the is the magnetic flux linked with each turn of
and secondary coil at a time t. primary
Es/Ep = Ns/Np = k = (Transformation ratio)
For an ideal transformation, there is no loss of
energy, then
Input power = output power
IpEp = IsEs
Ip/ls = Es/Ep = k
"CIRCUIT Diagram -

Types of Transformer
Primary
Coil Core
Secondary Primary Core Secondary
Coil
Coil Co

A Step-Down
Step-Up

Step-Down Transformer Step-Up Transformer

APPARATUS
" Iron Rod

" Copper wires of different gauge


Two A.C Voltmeters

Two A.C Ammeters

4
PROCEDURE
1. Take thick iron rod and cover it
with athick
paper and wind a large number of turns of thin
Cu wire
on thick paper (say 60). This
constitutes primary coilof the transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a
sheet of paper and
wound relatively smaller nunmber of turns (say
20) of thick copper wire on it.
the secondary coil.
This constitutes
It is
step-down transformer.
3. Connect P,P, to a.c.
mains (say 220 V) and
measure the input voltage and current,
a.c. voltmeter and using
ammeter
4. Similarly, measure the respectively.
output voltage and
current through S,S,
5. Now connect the S,S, to a.c. mains and again
measure voltage and current through
and secondary coil of step-up primary
6. Repeat all steps for other self transformer.
by changing number of
made transformer
secondary coils.
primary turns in
USES OF TRANSFORMERS

The tollowing are some of the most


common
uses for transformer:

1. Increasing or decreasing the voltage level


in an ACcircuit to ensure the
correct
operation of the circuit's various
electrical components.
2. It stops DC from flowing from one circuit
to another.
3. It separates twO separate electric
circuits.
4. Before transmission and distribution can
take place, the voltage level at the
electric power plant must be increased.,
6
CONCLUSION

output voltage of the transformer


" The upon the
coil depends
across the secondary voltage.
(Ns/Np) w.r.t. input
turn ratio

between input and


power
"There is loss of transformer.
a
output coil of
SOURCES OF ERROR
" Values of current can be
due to heating effect. changed
"Eddy current can change the
readings.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.NCERT BOOK
2.WIKIPEDIA
3. PHYSICS LAB MANUAL

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