Life and Importance of Prophet Muhammad

Sec�on Three: Life and Importance of Prophet Muhammad

Birth and Upbringing:

• The prophet (PBUH) was born on 12th Rabi-ul-Awal, 570 A.D.

• His father had died six months before his birth.

• At his birth, he was given to his foster mother, Halima Saadia, who took him to a village and he
returned at the age of six.

• When he returned, his mother, Aamnah, took him to Yasrib to meet a few rela�ves and visit the
grave of the Prophet’s father.

• However, on their way back Hazrat Aamnah fell ill and died.

• The Prophet was escorted back by a slave girl Umm-e-Aymen.

• \Back in Makkah, the Prophet’s grandfather, Abdul Mutalib took his custody; but he too passed
away two years later.

• So, now, the prophet’s paternal uncle, Abu Talib, took his care and trained him as a shepherd.

• Once, the Prophet was accompanying his uncle on a trade journey to Syria, when on their way
they met a Chris�an Monk, Bahira. Bahira recognized in the prophet, signs of prophethood and
cau�oned them to not con�nue their journey ahead.

• When the prophet was 15 years old, war broke out between two tribes. '

• The Prophet accompanied his uncles in this war – known as the sacrilegious war – but he had no
major role in them apart from collec�ng arrows thrown by the enemy and handing them over to
his uncles.

• A�er this war, a commitee was formed in Makkah to prevent further bloodshed.

• This was called the Half-ul-Fazul, and the Prophet was not only present but ac�vely par�cipated.

• He is reported to have said: “I was present at the house of Abdullah Bin Judan at so excellent a
pact that if toady in Islam I were summoned unto it I would gladly respond”.

Marriage to Khadija:
• During his early years, the Prophet came to be known as Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin.

• In such �mes, a widow trader, Hazrat Khadija, needed a trustworthy person to carry her goods to
Syria.
 • She heard of the good character of the prophet and decided to hire him.

• She sent her slave girl Maisara along on the trade expedi�on, and when they returned not only
had the Prophet made huge profits, but Maisara spoke a lot good about the Prophet. Hazrat
Khadija was so impressed that she sent a marriage proposal to the Prophet, which was accepted
on his behalf by Abu Talib, his uncle.,

• Although Hz. Khadija was 15 years older than the Prophet, they had a successful marriage and
had 6 children, 2 of whom died in infancy.

Fixing of Black Stone:

• Later, once, when the Ka’abah was being rebuilt, the issue of fixing the black stone arose.
Everybody wanted this pres�gious task and none was willing to compromise; so much so that
bloodshed was feared.

• In such a hos�le situa�on, an elderly man suggested that anybody who entered the Ka’abah first
would make the decision.

• Fortunately, it was the Holy Prophet who made a very wise decision.

• He laid the stone on a sheet and told the leaders of the tribes to hold the sheet from each corner
and li� it.

• When the stone reached the desired level, the Prophet picked the stone and placed it in its
posi�on. Thus everyone was happy.

• Gradually, when the Prophet was nearing the age of 40, he used to take dates and water and
meditate in the cave of Hira, pondering over the ill prac�ces of Arabs.

The Main Events of His Ac�vi�es in Makkah and Experience with

Opponents:·
First Revela�on:
• When the Prophet was nearing the age of 40, in 610 A.D, he would take dates and water along
and meditate in the cave of Hira.

• He used to ponder over the god of his forefathers, especially Hazrat Ibrahim and he detested the
ill prac�ces of the Arabs.

• One such day, towards the end of Ramzan an angel appeared before him and asked him to read.

• The Prophet replied that he could not read since he had not received any formal educa�on. The
angel then hugged him �ghtly and asked him again to read.

• The Prophet again replied that he could not read.

 • The angel again squeezed the Prophet �ghtly and repeated his demand for the third �me. The
Prophet finally asked, what should I read?

• In response, the angel recited the first 4 verses of Surah Alaq:

• Read! in the name of your Lord, who created, 2. Created man out of a clot of congealed
blood: 3. Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful, 4. He who taught by the pen, 5. Taught
man what he did not know.

• A�er the Prophet had recited these verses, the angel disappeared.

• In confusion, the Prophet ran out of the cave.

• Outside, he saw the angel filling the horizon and then he heard a voice: “O Muhammad! You are
the messenger of Allah and I am Jibrael”.

• The Prophet ran to his house and asked Hazrat Khadija to cover him up in a blanket.

• He then narrated the en�re incident to her.

• On hearing the en�re account, Hazrat Khadija pacified him by saying: “You have never done any
wrong to anyone. You are kind to the others and help the poor. Allah will not let you down”.

• Hazrat Khadija later took the Prophet to her cousin and Chris�an scholar, Warqah-bin-Naufil.

• Warqah confirmed the prophethood of the prophet and said that he had been visited by the
same angel who had visited other prophets.

• He also forewarned that the Prophet would be expelled from his city by his people.

Opposi�on and Persecu�on by the Quraish:

During his early years, the Prophet had to face severe persecu�on and opposi�on from the Quraish,
some examples are men�oned below:

• When the prophet first called them to Islam at the Mount of safa, he was ridiculed and made fun
of.

• Once, when the Prophet was praying a Quraish threw the intes�nes of a camel on his back while
he was prostra�ng.

• Umm-e-Jabeel, the wife of Abu Lahb, used to throw thorny bushes in the path of the Prophet.

• Abu Lahb told his sons to divorce their wives who were the Prophet’s Daughters, just to add to
his worries.

• During the �e when there was a gap between the revela�ons the makkans used to mock the
Prophet that his God had abandoned him.
• A lady used to throw rubbish on the Prophet.

• The Makkans wrote poems to ridicule the Prophet and called him a magician.

• They also offered him bribes like making him king or marrying him to the pre�est girl so that he
would stop preaching Islam.

• When both of the Prophet’s sons passed away in infancy, the Quraish called him “abtar” – he
who has no male descendants.

• In between such persecu�ons, the Prophet’s wife Hazrat Khadija, and his uncle Hazrat Abu Talib
passed away. This was a huge loss for the Prophet because both of them had been a source of
immense support for the Prophet. It was because of this tragic loss that the Prophet called this
year the year of grief.

• Some�me later, the Prophet visited Taif to preach Islam. He was accompanied by his adopted
son Zaid Bin Haris. When the Prophet called the people of Taif to Islam, he had to face a very
nega�ve response. The young boys of Taif hurled stones at the Prophet and were forced to
retreat in a badly bleeding condi�on.

• The final blow was when the Makkans gathered at Dar-un-Nadwa and made a plan to
assassinate the Holy Prophet, so much so that he and his followers were forced to migrate to
Madinah.

• Not only the Prophet himself, but his followers also had to face maltreatment and the hands of
Quraish. Cited below are some examples:

• Hazrat Bilal – an Abyssinian slave – was tortured by his master Ummaya Bin Khalf. Ummaya
would �e a rope around Hazrat Bilal’s neck and drag him on the streets. He would also make
Hazrat Bilal burn coal and place a stone on his chest so that he could not move. Yet, Hazrat Bilal
never renounced his faith and remained steadfast. He was later freed by Hazrat Abu Bakr.

• Hazrat Abu Bakr himself was �ed with a rope along with Hazrat Talha.

• Hazrat Usman was tortured by his very own uncle.

• Hazrat Zinra was persecuted to the extent that she lost her eyesight.

• Hazrat Talha and Zubair were dragged into the streets and suffocated.

• The parents of Hazrat Ammar Bin Yasir were tortured to death. In fact, his mother Hazrat
Summayah was the first female martyr of Islam.

• Suhaib Rumi eventually lost control of what he said due to extensive persecu�on.

• Khabab bin Arrat was made to lie on burning coal.

• Abu Fukaih, too, was made to loe on hot burning stones un�l his tongue dropped out.

• Abu Zarr Ghaffari was atacked by a crowd of nonbelievers and he fell senseless.
 • For 3 whole years, all the people of Bani Hashim except Abu Jahl were forced to live in a
secluded valley on the outskirts of Makkah. A total boycot, social and economic was done with
them so much so that they had to survive on boiled leather for food.

Migra�on To Abyssinia:
• The hardships and suffering of the Muslims increased.

• The Prophet permited a group of Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia.

• Accordingly, in the fi�h year of prophethood, a group of eleven men and four women secretly
le� for Abyssinia, these included Hazrat Usman and his wife Ruqqaya, daughter of the Prophet.

• They followed another group of 70 men including Hazrat Jafar, son of Abu Talib.

• Although the Quraish tried to follow the emigrants and bring them back, they failed.

• In fact, Najashi the king of Abyssinia treated the Muslims very kindly.

Boycot:
• During the early years of Makkah, the believers had to face severe persecu�on at the hands of
Quraish.

• The Quraish tried their best to harass the Muslims and make them denounce their faith.

• Yet the Muslims remained steadfast, proving that they could even risk their lives for Islam.

• It was because of this steadfastness that they were able to live through the three years in the
secluded valley –Shib Abi Talib.

• The situa�on got so worse that the people had to survive on leather and boiled leaves.

• Echoes of crying children were heard from the valley.

• Eventually, a�er 3 years of immense hardships, the hearts of Quraish melted and they li�ed the
ban.

Year of Grief:
• The 3 tough years had just ended when another blow came to the Prophet in the form of his
uncle, Abu Talib’s death.

• He was the same uncle who had bought up the Prophet and showered on him his love and
affec�on.
 • His death worried the Prophet a lot as his influen�al status was a source of protec�on for the
Prophet.

• The very same year, the wife of the Prophet also passed away.

• Hazrat Khadija had provided the Prophet with financial and moral support and her death was a
very saddening event for the Prophet.

• A�er these two great losses the Prophet called this year the year of grief and did not feel secure
in Makkah for now he had litle protec�on le�.

Visit to Taif:
• While the Prophet was just recovering from this loss, he decided to focus on the expansion of
Islam.

• Therefore, he traveled to the valley of Taif along with his adopted son, Zaid Bin Haris, to preach
Islam.

• His message was not at all welcomed there in fact young boys hurled stones at him un�l he
bled.

• Eventually, the Prophet took refuge in a nearby orchard and when an angel asked about
punishing the people, the Prophet refused to recognize their influence and prayed for them.

• A�er this event he realized that he needed another place to preach Islam as it was certainly not
acceptable to the people of Taif or Makkah.

Mairaj:
• In the 10th year of prophethood, the prophet was taken for Isra and Mairaj.

• While the Holy Prophet was asleep in his house, Jibrael (A.S) came and took him to Ka’abah,
where the Prophet rode a mule-like animal called Burraq.

• It took him to Jerusalem where the Holy Prophet offered two Rakat.

• He again rode the Burraq and they reached the heavens.

• The prophet was taken to all seven heavens where he met various prophets.

• Angel Jibrael then led them to the lote tree beyond which the angel couldn’t go but the Prophet
was permited to go.

• Allah spoke to him directly over there and the last verses of Surah Baqarah were revealed. 5
prayers a day were also made compulsory here.
Pledges of Aqabah:
• On his return from Taif, the Prophet resumed his preaching, concentra�ng more on outsiders
who came to Makkah for pilgrimage.

• In the eleventh year of Prophet Hood, six pilgrims from the tribe of Khazraj in Madinah came to
Makkah.

• The Prophet called them to Islam and they embraced faith.

• Next year, 12 people from Yasrib met the Prophet at Aqabah, accepted faith, agreed to abstain
from idol worship, cruelty, and falsehood, lead a righteous life, and believe in one God.

• This was called the First Pledge of Aqabah.

• These new converts promised to spread Islam in Yasrib and the Prophet sent 2 people with them
to preach Islam to the residents of Yasrib.

• In the 13th year of prophethood, a delega�on consis�ng of 75 people came from Yasrib to take
the same pledge which was now called the 2nd pledge of Aqabah.

• They also invited the Prophet to Yasrib and pledged full support for him and his followers. This
made the Prophet realize that the people of Yasrib were keen to accept Islam and that their
hospitality could be beneficial to Islam.

• The main events of his ac�vi�es in Medina, his leadership of the community there, and his
conflicts with the Makkans and others

Main events of Migra�on:

• The Prophet allowed his followers to migrate to Yasrib.

• When the Quraish got to know of it, they gathered at Dar-un-Nadwa and unanimously decided
to assassinate the Prophet.

• Allah informed the prophet about this plot through a revela�on and permited him to leave.
Prophet asked Hazrat Ali to sleep in his bed to fool the Quraish and also to return the valuable
people had kept with the Prophet.

• The Prophet then le� for Madinah with Hazrat Abu Bakar.

• They were aware that they were being pursued by the Quraish; therefore they decided to hide in
a cave, named Saur, for some �me.

• They stayed for 3 days. When the Quraish came looking for the Prophet, they did not bother
looking inside the cave as a pigeon had laid eggs at the threshold of the cave, a spider had
 formed a web, and branches of a tree were covering the entrance – these were all miracles of
Allah.

• During this stay, Hazrat Abu Bakr was worried so the Prophet consoled him by saying: “have no
fear for Allah is with us”.

• During their stay, Hazrat Abu Bakr was biten by a snake but he did not even shout as the
Prophet was sleeping in his lap and he did not want to disturb him.

• This shows how much he cared for the Prophet. During their stay in the cave, Hazrat Abu Bakr’s
son, Abdullah used to bring them news about the Quraish, and his daughter, Asma, would bring
them food supplies.

• A�er three days when the Prophet and Hazrat Abu Bakar were sure that the Quraish were no
longer following them, they con�nued their journey.

• They again stopped at Quba for 14 days where Hazrat Ali joined them and the 1st mosque of
Islam was built.

• When the people of Madinah heard of their arrival, they were anxiously wai�ng.

• Upon their arrival, they publicly welcomed them wholeheartedly and young girls even sang
songs for the Prophet.

• Everybody wanted the Prophet to stay with them but the Prophet said that his camel was under
divine instruc�ons so he would stay where the camel stopped.

• The camel stopped at an open ground that belonged to two orphans, and the Prophet decided
to build a mosque in that place a�er paying the orphans its price.

• Meanwhile, the Prophet stayed at Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari’s residence.

Mosque of the Prophet:

• Upon his arrival, they publicly welcomed the Prophet wholeheartedly and young girls even sang
songs for him.

• Everybody wanted the Prophet to stay with them but the Prophet said that his camel was under
divine instruc�ons so he would stay where the camel stopped.

• The camel stopped at an open ground that belonged to two orphans, and the Prophet decided
to build a mosque in that place a�er paying the orphans its price.

• Meanwhile, the Prophet stayed at Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari’s residence.

• This mosque was known as the Mosque of the Prophet – Masjid-e-Nabawi.

 • The materials used for the construc�on included unbaked bricks which were used to make the
walls.

• The roof was made of mud and date palm leaves.

• Trunks of date palm were used as pillars.

• A large pla�orm with a thatched roof was built in one of the corners. It was known as Suffah. The
Prophet himself took part in building the mosque and was assisted by many of his companions.

• It served as a residen�al place for the Prophet and his family.

• It also became the poli�cal and military headquarter of the state and served as an ins�tute of
learning.

Brotherhood:

• The Makkans had le� their families and belongings in Makka and now they needed financial
support.

• Therefore, each emigrant was paired with an Ansar –the people of Medina – and they were
declared as brothers.

• The Ansars shared all their wealth and property with the emigrants and they were even allowed
to inherit from them.

• In some cases, they even shared wives.

• The Ansar offered endless support to the emigrants and tried their best to facilitate them.

• The emigrants, on the other hand, did not become a burden on the Ansar and soon started living
independently.

Covenant of Medina:

• In his atempt to achieve good rela�ons with all the inhabitants of Medina, the Prophet devised
the Covenant of Medina.

• He drew a covenant with the people of the town, whether Muslims or non-Muslims (including
Jews) which clearly defined the du�es and privileges of all the people. It said:

1. All people of Medina would defend the city collec�vely

2. There would be complete religious freedom for all

3. If a conflict arises within the Medinites, the Prophet will be consulted for decision.
Batle of Badr:

• The trade caravans of the Quraish used to pass through Madinah,

• The Prophet decided to threaten the caravans which would hurt the Quraish economically. He
started sending par�es to watch the caravans.

• In 624 A.D., Abu Sufyan, the leader of Quraish was coming from Syria with a huge trading
caravan. He was afraid that the Muslims might intercept his caravan and therefore he
summoned troops from Makkah.

• Hence an army of 1000 men came to escort the caravan.

• Although the caravan safely reached Makkah, Abu Jahl insisted on figh�ng the Muslims. So,
Quraish, with an army of 1000 men marched towards Medina.

• When the Prophet heard of this, he consulted his companions and decided to fight them outside
Medina.

• The Muslims raised an army of 313 men.

• Both the armies met at Badr. The Quraish had arrived first so they occupied all the important
posi�ons.

• The area that Muslims got was sandy land.

• That night, Allah sent down rain and not only were the Muslims able to collect ample water but
their land also got smooth.

• The Quraish heavily outnumbered the Muslims and so the Prophet spent the en�re night praying
to Allah.

• Allah responded to his prayers by sending heavenly assistance.

• Regarding this, the Quran says: “Remember ye implored the assistance of thy Lord and he
answered I will assist you with a thousand angels, ranks on ranks”.

• Ini�ally when the batle started; there was a single combat in which Hazrat Ali Hazrat Hamza and
Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah fought against Utba, Sheeba, and Waleed.

• A�er the Muslim success in single combat, general figh�ng began.

• While the batle was going on, the Prophet prayed to Allah saying: “O Allah! If this small band of
men perishes today there will be no one left to worship you and your faith will be destroyed
forever”.

• This shows that the Prophet was constantly seeking Allah’s help and Allah’s help did arrive for
despite being less in number, Muslims were able to defeat the Quraish.
 • Even Abu Jahl, the leader of Quraish was killed by Abdullah Bin Masood.

• Overall, 70 pagans were killed and 70 were taken as cap�ves, the Prophet treated the prisoners
of war humanely and many were freed.

• On the other hand, only 14 Muslims were martyred. A large amount of booty was also captured
which was distributed among the Muslims.

Batle of Uhad:
• A�er the defeat of the Batle of Badr, the Quraish were wai�ng to take revenge.

• They included those who had lost their family members at Badr and those who had invested
their profits in the war.

• They ins�gated the Quraish leader, Abu Sufyan, to wage war.

• Therefore, the Quraish prepared an army of 3000 men and marched towards Medina in 625 A.D.
under the leadership of Abu Sufyan.

• When the Prophet heard of this, he consulted his companions.

• Although he was in favor of figh�ng inside Medina, upon the sugges�on of most of the
companions it was decided that they would outside Medina.

• Ini�ally, the Muslim army consisted of 1000 men but 300 hypocrites le� the army under the
leadership of Abdullah Bin Ubayy saying that their demand of figh�ng inside Medina was not
fulfilled so they would not fight.

• Therefore, the remaining 700 people marched towards Uhad.

• On the batlefield, the Prophet appointed 50 archers under the command of Abdullah Bin Jubair
to guard a pass.

• The Prophet clearly instructed them to not leave the pass under any circumstances.

• Ini�ally, when the batle started, Muslims had the upper hand and they were successful in
defea�ng the Quraish such that the Quraish began to flee, leaving behind a lot of booty.

• When the archers saw this, they too le� their posts and came to collect the spoils of war,
assuming that the war was over. However, when Khaild Bin Waleed saw the pass unguarded,

• he along with his companions atacked from the rear.

• At this point, the victory of Muslims turned into a near defeat. As the Quraish had atacked from
the back, Muslims did not know what to do, and chaos & panic prevailed.

• In this confusion, the Prophet himself was atacked and badly wounded.

• He even lost two of his teeth and became unconscious for some �me.
• The nearest of the Prophet’s companions formed a defensive ring around him, yet rumors
spread that the Prophet had been martyred.

• However, the Prophet tried to control the situa�on and lessened the panic.

• Overall, the Muslims suffered heavy losses and 70 of them were martyred.

• These martyrs included Hazrat Hamza, an uncle of the Prophet, who had been killed by a slave
Wahshi, upon the instruc�ons of Hinda, the wife of Abu Sufyan.

• Hinda later chewed the dead body and mu�lated it to avenge her father’s death at the hands of
Hazrat Hamza.

Batle of Trench:
• A�er the Batle of Uhad, the Muslims were able to regain their former posi�on.

• The Quraish could not reconcile themselves with the growing power of Muslims and felt
threatened.

• Meanwhile, the Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir who had setled at Khyber kept on plo�ng against
the Muslims. Their chiefs went to Makkah and asked for help against the Muslims, which the
Quraish agreed to give.

• Then they went to the Ghatafan tribe and gained their support too.

• Some other tribes also agreed to give full support against the Muslims, so with an army of
10,000 men under the command of Abu Sufyan they marched to Medina in 5 A.H. When the
Prophet came to know of this, he consulted his companions.

• Hazrat Salman Farsi, who was a Persian, suggested that a trench be built.

• This sugges�on was unanimously accepted by all.

• As Medina was safe from all other sides, a trench was built only in the north. '

• The Prophet himself took part in digging the trench.

• It took 8 days to build a trench 15 feet deep and 3 km wide, 3000 companions took part in
digging the Trench. '

• When the Quraish arrived, they were shocked and did not know what to do as this trench was
far beyond their imagina�on.

• Despite several atempts, the Quraish were unable to cross the trench so they camped behind
it.
 • Minor skirmishes took place for a couple of days in which Muslims had an upper hand.
Whenever a person would atempt to cross the Trench, Muslims would hurl stones and arrows.

• Muslims had to remain vigilant throughout and could not even assemble for prayer. Meanwhile,
Banu Qurayza, a Jewish tribe residing in Medina violated the covenant of Medina and decided to
atack from inside Medina.

• The Prophet sent a detachment to watch and this threat was successfully eliminated.

• The siege of Quraish lasted for a month a�er which a terrible storm came which blew away their
camps and they were forced to flee.

• Thus Muslims gained victory.

Treaty Of Hudaybia:

• In 628 A.D., the Prophet dreamt that he was entering the holy Ka’abah.

• So, he planned to go to Makkah for the lesser pilgrimage. In the month of Dhul-Qadah, the
Prophet along with 1400 unarmed companions le� for Makkah.

• Although they had no inten�on of waging war and were unarmed their huge number surprised
the Quraish so they weren’t allowed to enter Makkah.

• Instead, to resist their entry they sent a force under Khalid Bin Waleed and Ukrama Bin Jahl.

• The prophet did not want to fight so he diverted his route.

• The Muslims camped at a place called Hudaybia about 3 miles from Makkah.

• From here, the Prophet sent a messenger to the Quraish to tell them that they had not come to
fight.

• But that messenger never returned.

• The prophet sent another messenger, who, too did not return and so eventually the prophet
sent Hazrat Usman due to his high reputa�on among the Quraish.

• When the Quraish had detained Hazrat Usman for a while rumors spread that he had been
killed.

• Therefore the prophet called his companions to take a pledge to fight and avenge the blood of
Hazrat Usman.

• This was known as Bait-e-Rizwan.

 • A�er this, Hazrat Usman returned, and nego�a�ons started with the Quraish, eventually a treaty
known as the Treaty of Hudaybia was devised,. Its terms were as follows:

1. The Muslims would not enter Makkah this year but would return the following year

2. Makkans taking refuge in Medina would be handed back but minutes talking refuge in Makkah
would not be returned

3. There will be no war for 10 years

4. Both markets and Muslims would stay neutral if there was a war with another group

5. Agreements could be made with other tribes.

• the terms did not favor the Muslims and many of the leading companions like Hazrat Umar had
objec�ons, but Allah himself says: “Verily have we granted thee a manifest victory”.

Conquest of Makkah:

• Two years a�er the treaty of Hudaybia, trouble arose. Banu Bakr, which was an ally of the
Quraish, atacked Banu Khuza, an ally of Muslims.

• Quraish provided Banu Bakr with weapons and some Quraish also took part in figh�ng.

• As this was against the terms of the treaty of Hudaybia, the leader of Banu Khuza went to the
Prophet to seek jus�ce.

• On hearing this, the prophet laid down 3 alterna�ves before the Quraish:

1. Pay blood money to Banu Khuza

2. Break alliance with Banu Bakr

3. Dissolve the treaty of Hudaybia

• The Quraish chose the 3rd op�on and thus the treaty was dissolved.

• However, later they realized that they had made the wrong decision so their leader went to
Medina for nego�a�ons.

• He guaranteed peace to the Prophet but the Prophet rejected his offer.

• In 630 A.D., the prophet with an army of 10,000 men marched towards Makkah; he kept his
plans a secret so that news wouldn’t reach Makkah.

• On reaching Makkah, he told his men to light their torches to show the Quraish their strength.

• The Quraish were horrified to see such a large number of Muslims and Abu Sufyan, immediately
came to the Muslim camp and embraced Islam.

• The prophet divided his army into 4 squadrons and told them to conquer different areas.

• He gave them special instruc�ons to not shed innocent blood and not be the first one to fight.

• He also said that anybody who took refuge in his own home or Abu Sufyan’s home or Ka’abah
was safe.

• Thus all the squadrons peacefully captured their areas although there was some trouble in the
south where Khalid Bin Waleed’s squadron was atacked by the people of Banu Bakr. A�er this
the Prophet entered the Kabah and purified it by breaking the idols.

• Hazrat Bilal then said the Azaan and the prophet performed tawaaf.

• The prophet then gathered all the people on the mount of safa and declared a general pardon
for all except the 4 fiercest enemies of Islam, seeing the magnanimity of the prophet many
pagans accepted Islam.

• The prophet stayed in Makkah for 20 days and a�er making administra�ve arrangements he
went back to medina.