Cartesian

Cylindrical Coordinates Spherical Coordinates

Coordinates
Conversion
to Cartesian x,y,z ρ cos , ρ sin , z r sinθ cos ,r sinθsin ,r cosθ
Coordinates
Vector ⃗
A ^ A y ^j+ A z k^
A x i+ A ρ ^ρ+ A ϕ ϕ^ + A z ^z ^ A ϕ ϕ^
Ar r^ + A θ θ+
∂φ ^ ∂φ ^ ∂φ ^ ∂φ 1 ∂φ ^ ∂φ ^ ∂φ 1 ∂φ ^ 1 ∂φ ^
Gradient ⃗
∇φ i+ j+ k ρ^ + ϕ+ k r^ + θ+ ϕ
∂x ∂ y ∂z ∂ρ ρ ∂ϕ ∂z ∂r r ∂θ r sinθ ∂ ϕ
Divergence ∂φ ∂φ ∂φ
+ + 1 ∂( ρ A ρ) 1 ∂ A ϕ ∂ A z 1 ∂ (r ¿ ¿ 2 A r ) + 1 ∂ (sinθ A¿¿ θ) + 1 ∂
⃗ + +
∇· ⃗
A ∂ x ∂ y ∂z ρ ∂ρ ρ ∂ ϕ ∂ z r2 ∂r r sinθ ∂θ r sinθ

[ ] [ ] [ ]
i^ ^j k^ ^ρ ρ ^ϕ k^ r^ r θ^ (r sinθ) ϕ^
∂ ∂ ∂ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂
Curl r ⃗
∇× ⃗
A
∂x ∂y ∂z ρ ∂ρ ∂ϕ ∂z 2
r sinθ ∂ r ∂θ ∂z
φx φy φz Aρ ρ Aϕ φz Ar r A θ ( r sinθ ) A ϕ
2 2 2 2 2
Laplacian ∂ φ ∂φ ∂ φ 1 ∂ ∂ φ 1 ∂ φ ∂ φ1 ∂ 2 ∂ φ 1 ∂
2 + 2+ 2 (ρ )+ 2 2 + 2 2 (r )+ 2 (sinθ ∂ φ ¿¿ ¿ ∂θ)+ 2
∇ φ 2
∂x ∂ y ∂z ρ ∂ ρ ∂ ρ ρ ∂ϕ ∂zr ∂r ∂ r r sinθ ∂ θ r
Element Length
^ dy ^j , dz k^
dx i, dρ ^ρ , ρdϕ ϕ^ , dz ^k dr r^ , rdθ θ^ ,r sinθdϕ ϕ^
d ⃗L
dz dy i^ ρ dϕ dz ρ^ 2
r sinθ dθ dϕ r^
Element Area
d ⃗S dz dx ^j dz dρ ϕ^ r sinθ dr dϕ θ^
dx dy k^ ρ dρ dϕ k^ r dr dθ ϕ^
Element Volume 2
d⃗
V dx dy dz ρ dρ dϕ dz r sinθ dr dθ dϕ

Gauss’s ∫ ⃗∇ · ⃗A d ⃗V =∫ ⃗A .d ⃗S
Theorem V S

Stokes ∫ ⃗∇ × ⃗A . d ⃗S =∮ ⃗A . d ⃗L
Theorem S C

Solenoid (divergence less) if ∇· ⃗

A=0

Conservative (irrotational) if ⃗
∇× ⃗
A=0
Vector Field ⃗× ⃗
⃗ Rotational ( non-conservative) if ∇ A≠0
A 2⃗
Harmonic Field if ∇ A=0
Uniform Field if ⃗
A is independent on Position.
Constant Field if ⃗
A is independent on Time.
 Cartesian
Cylindrical Coordinates Spherical Coordinates
Coordinates
Conversion
to Cartesian 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 𝝆 𝒄𝒐𝒔, 𝝆 𝒔𝒊𝒏, 𝒛 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔, 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏, 𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Coordinates
ሬሬԦ
Vector 𝑨 𝑨𝒙𝑖Ƹ+ 𝑨𝒚 𝑗Ƹ+ 𝑨𝒛 𝑘෠ 𝐀𝝆 𝜌ො ෡ + 𝐀𝐳 zො
+ 𝐀𝛟 ϕ 𝑨𝒓 𝑟Ƹ+ 𝑨𝜽 𝜃෠+ 𝑨𝝓 𝜙෠

Gradient 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝟏 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝟏 𝝏𝝋 𝟏 𝝏𝝋
iƸ+ jƸ+ k෠ 𝝆+
ෝ ෡+
𝛟 k෠ 𝒓ො
+ ෡+
𝜽 ෡
𝛟
ሬሬԦ𝝋
𝜵 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝝆 𝝆 𝝏𝛟 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝒓 𝝏𝜽 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝝏𝛟

Divergence 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝝋 𝟏 𝛛(𝛒𝐀𝛒 ) 𝟏 𝛛𝐀 𝛟 𝛛𝐀𝐳 𝟏 𝛛(𝐫𝟐 𝐀 𝐫 ) 𝟏 𝛛 (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐀 𝛉) 𝟏 𝛛𝐀𝛟

+ + + + + +
ሬԦ· ሬ
ሬ
𝜵 ሬԦ
𝑨 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝛒 𝛛𝛒 𝛒 𝛛𝛟 𝛛𝐳 𝐫𝟐 𝛛𝐫 𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝛛𝛉 𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝛛𝛟

iƸ jƸ k෠ ρො 𝝆 𝛟෡ k෠ rො 𝒓 𝜽෡ ෡
(𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉)𝛟
‫ۍ‬ ‫ې‬ ‫ۍ‬ ‫ې‬ ‫ۍ‬ ‫ې‬
∂‫∂ ێ‬ ∂ 𝟏 ∂‫∂ ێ‬ ∂ ‫ۑ‬ 𝟏 ∂‫∂ ێ‬ ∂
ሬሬԦ× 𝑨
Curl r 𝜵 ሬሬԦ ‫ۑ‬
‫ێ‬ ‫ۑ‬
‫ۑ‬
∂x ‫∂ ێ‬y ∂z ‫∂ 𝛒 ۑ‬ρ‫∂ ێ‬ϕ ∂z 𝐫 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 ∂r ‫∂ ێ‬θ ∂z ‫ۑ‬
‫ۑ‬
φ‫ۏ‬x φy φz ‫ ے‬A‫ۏ‬ρ 𝝆 𝐀𝛟 φz ‫ے‬ A‫ۏ‬r 𝒓 𝐀𝜽 ሺ𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉ሻ𝐀𝛟 ‫ے‬

Laplacian 𝝏𝟐 𝝋 𝝏𝟐 𝝋 𝝏𝟐 𝝋 𝟏 𝝏 𝜕𝜑 𝟏 ∂2 φ ∂2 φ 𝟏 𝝏 𝟐 𝜕𝜑 𝟏 𝛛 ∂ φ) 𝟏 ∂2 φ
+ + (𝝆 )+ 𝟐 2 + 2 (𝒓 )+ 𝟐 (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 )+ 𝟐
𝜵𝟐 𝝋 𝝏𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝒛𝟐 𝝆 𝝏𝝆 𝜕𝜌 𝝆 ∂ϕ ∂z 𝒓𝟐 𝝏𝒓 𝜕𝑟 𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝛛𝛉 ∂θ 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 ∂ϕ2
Element Length
ሬԦ 𝒅𝒙iƸ , 𝒅𝒛 k෠
, 𝒅𝒚jƸ 𝒅𝝆𝜌ො
, ෡,
𝝆𝒅𝝓 𝝓 𝒅𝒛 k෠ 𝒅𝒓 𝒓ො
, ෡,
𝒓𝒅𝜽 𝜽 ෡
𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅𝝓 𝝓
𝒅𝑳
𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒚 iƸ 𝝆 𝒅𝝓 𝒅𝒛 𝝆
ෝ 𝟐
𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝝓 𝒓ො
Element Area
𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒙 jƸ ෡
𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝝆 𝝓 ෡
𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝝓 𝜽
ሬԦ
𝒅𝑺 ෡
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 k෠ 𝝆 𝒅𝝆 𝒅𝝓 k෠ 𝒓 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝝓
Element Volume
ሬԦ
𝒅𝑽
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒛 𝝆 𝒅𝝆 𝒅𝝓 𝒅𝒛 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝝓

Gauss’s ሬԦ· 𝑨
න𝜵 ሬԦ= න 𝑨
ሬԦ𝑑𝑉 ሬԦ. 𝒅𝑺
ሬԦ
Theorem
𝑉 𝑆

Stokes ሬԦ× 𝑨
න𝜵 ሬԦ. 𝒅𝑺
ሬԦ= ර 𝑨
ሬԦ. 𝒅𝑳
ሬԦ
Theorem 𝑺 𝑪

Solenoid (divergence less) if ሬԦ= 𝟎

𝛁· 𝐀

Conservative (irrotational) if 𝛁Ԧ× 𝐀

ሬ ሬԦ= 𝟎
Vector Field ሬԦ× 𝐀
ሬԦ≠ 𝟎
Rotational ( non-conservative) if 𝛁
ሬԦ
𝐀
Harmonic Field if ሬԦ= 𝟎
𝛁𝟐 𝐀
ሬԦis independent on Position.
Uniform Field if 𝐀
ሬԦis independent on Time.
Constant Field if 𝐀