PMT

Mark Scheme (Result)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel GCE Further Mathematics

Advanced Level in
Core Pure Mathematics Paper 2
9FM0/02
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November 2021
Publications Code 9FM0_02_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
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EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

• M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to apply
it’, unless otherwise indicated.
• A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks have
been earned.
• B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
• Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark
schemes.

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question to
obtain this mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC: special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp decimal places
• sf significant figures
•  The answer is printed on the paper
• The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft to
indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread
however, the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd
answers should never be awarded A marks.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

1(a) (i) z1 z2 = 3 2 B1 1.1b

(ii)     
arg ( z1 z2 ) = +  −  = o.e. B1 1.1b
3  12  4
(2)

(b) (i) n=8 B1ft 2.2a

wn = ( 'their z1 z2 ')
(ii) their n
M1 1.1b
wn = 104 976 A1 1.1b

(3)

(5 marks)

Notes:
(a)
(i)
B1: Deduces z1 z2 = 3 2
(ii)

B1: Deduces arg ( z1 z2 ) = o.e
4
These marks may be awarded for z1 z2 3 2 cos i sin
4 4
(b)
(i)
B1ft: 2 divided by their arg ( z1 z2 ) found in part (a) (ii) to give an integer
Alternatively smallest positive integer multiple required to make their argument a multiple of 2
(ii)
M1: Their answer to (a) (i) to the power of their n.
A1: 104 976
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Question Scheme Marks AOs

2  4 −2  x   X 
  =  leading to an equation in x, m, c and X M1 3.1a
 5 3  mx + c   mX + c 
4 x − 2(mx + c) = X and 5x + 3(mx + c) = mX + c A1 1.1b

5x + 3(mx + c) = m ( 4 x − 2(mx + c) ) + c
leading to M1 2.1
5 + 3m = 4m − 2m2 ( 3c = −2mc + c )
2m2 − m + 5 = 0  b 2 − 4ac =
Solves 3c = −2mc + c  m = ... dM1 1.1b
( −1) − 4 ( 2 )( 5) = ...
2

Correct expression for the m = −1 and shows a

discriminant = −39 < 0 contradiction in
A1 2.4
therefore there are no invariant 5 + 3m = 4m − 2m2 therefore
lines. there are no invariant lines.
Alternative
 4 −2  x   X  M1 3.1a
   =   leading to an equation in x, m and X
 5 3  mx   mX 
4 x − 2(mx) = X and 5x + 3(mx) = mX A1 1.1b

5x + 3(mx) = m ( 4 x − 2(mx) )
M1 2.1
leading to 5 + 3m = 4m − 2m2
2m2 − m + 5 = 0  b 2 − 4ac = ( −1) − 4 ( 2 )( 5 ) = ...
2
dM1 1.1b

Correct expression for the discriminant = −39 < 0 therefore there

A1 2.4
are no invariant lines that pass through the origin no invariant lines.
(5)

(5 marks)
Notes:
M1: Sets up a matrix equation in an attempt to find a fixed line and extract at least one equation.
A1: Correct equations.
M1: Eliminates X from the simultaneous equations and equates the coefficients of x leading to a
quadratic equation in terms of m.
dM1: Dependent on the previous method, finds the value of the discriminant, this can be seen in an
attempt to solve the quadratic using the formula.
Alternatively solves 3c = −2mc + c and finds a value for m
Note: If the quadratic equation in m is solved on a calculator and complex roots given this is M0 as
they are not showing why there are no real roots.
A1: Correct expression for the discriminant, states < 0 and draws the required conclusion.
Alternatively, correct value for m, shows a contradiction in 5 + 3m = 4m − 2m2 and draws the
required conclusion.
Alternative
M1: Sets up a matrix equation in an attempt to find a fixed line and extract at least one equation.
A1: Correct equations.
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M1: Eliminates X from the simultaneous equations and equates the coefficients of x leading to a
quadratic equation in terms of m.
dM1: Dependent on the previous method, finds the value of the discriminant.
A1: Correct expression for the discriminant, states < 0 and draws the required conclusion.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

1 3

( ) ( )
3(a) − −
f ( x) = A 1 − x 2 2 f ( x) = Bx 1 − x 2 2 and
3 1
3 5
(
C 1 − x2 ) 2
(
+ Dx 2 1 − x 2 ) 2 M1 2.1
( ) ( )
− −
f ( x) = C 1 − x 2 2 2
+ Dx 1 − x 2 2 or
(1 − x )
3
2

1 3
1
( ) ( )
− − x
f ( x) = 1 − x 2 2 or f ( x) = x 1 − x 2 2 or 3
and
1 − x2
(1 − x ) 2 2

3 5
1 3x 2
( ) ( )
− −
f ( x) = 1 − x 2 2 + 3x 2 1 − x 2 2 or 3
+ 5
A1 1.1b
(1 − x ) (1 − x )
2 2 2 2

3 1

from quotient rule

(1 − x2 ) 2 + 3x 2 1 − x 2 ( ) 2

(1 − x )
3
2

Finds f (0), f (0) , f (0) and f (0) and applies the formula
x2 x3
f ( x) = f (0) + f  (0) x + f  (0) + f  (0) M1 1.1b
2 6
f (0) = 0, f (0) = 1, f (0) = 0, f (0) = 1

x3
f ( x) = x + cso A1 1.1b
6
(4)

 1  1 ( 2)
3
(b) 1
 M1 1.1b
arcsin   = + =   = ...
2 2 6 6
25
= o.e. A1ft 2.2b
8
(2)

(6 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: Finds the correct form of the first three derivatives, may be unsimplified – the third may come
later.
A1: Correct first three derivatives, may be unsimplified – the third may come later.
M1: Finds f (0), f (0) , f (0) and f (0) and applies to the correct formula, needs to go up to x3.
x3
A1: x + cso ignore any higher terms whether correct or not
6
Special case: If they think that their f (0)  0 then maximum score M1 A0 M1 A0
M1 for correct form of the first two derivatives
M1 Correctly uses their f (0), f (0) , f (0) and applies to the correct formula
 PMT

Note: If candidates do not find the first three derivatives but use
f (0) = 0, f (0) = 1, f (0) = 0, f (0) = 1 and use these correctly in the formula this can score M0
A0 M1 A0
(b)
M1: Substitutes x = 1 into both sides and rearranges to find  = ...
2
A1ft: Infers that  = 25 o.e. Follow through their 6f  1 
8 2
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

4(a) A complete attempt to find the sum of the cubes of the first n odd
numbers using three of the standard summation formulae.
M1 3.1a
 ( 2r + 1)  ( 2r − 1)
3 3
Attempts to find or by expanding and using
summation formulae

( )
n n n n n n

 ( 2r −1) = 8r 3 −12r 2 + 6r −1 = 8 r 3 −12 r 2 + 6 r −1

3

r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1

or M1 1.1b
n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1

 ( 2r + 1) =  (8r )
+ 12r 2 + 6r + 1 = 8  r 3 + 12  r 2 + 6  r +  1
3 3

r =0 r =0 r =0 r =0 r =0 r =0

n2 n n
= 8 ( n + 1) − 12 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) + 6 ( n + 1) − n
2

4 6 2
M1 1.1b
or
A1 1.1b
( n − 1) ( n − 1) ( n − 1)
2

( n) ( n )( 2n − 1) + 6 (n) + n
2
=8 + 12
4 6 2
Multiplies out to achieve a correct intermediate line for example
n n 1 2n 2 2n 1 n 2n 4 2n 3 n2 2n 3 2n 2 n n

2n4 4n3 2n2 4n3 6n2 2n 3n2 3n n A1 * 2.1

leading to
= n ( 2n 2 − 1) cso *
2

(5)
n+9 n+9 n −1

 ( 2r − 1) =  ( 2r − 1) −  ( 2r − 1)
(b) 3 3 3

r=n r =1 r =1

(
= ( n + 9 ) 2 ( n + 9 ) − 1 − ( n − 1) 2 ( n − 1) − 1 = 99800
2 2
) 2
( 2
)
or
n + 10 n + 10 n

 ( 2r − 1) =  ( 2r − 1) −  ( 2r − 1)
3 3 3

r = n +1 r =1 r =1
M1 3.1a
(
= ( n + 10 ) 2 ( n + 10 ) − 1 − ( n ) 2n − 1 = 99800
2 2
) 2
( 2
)
or
n n n − 10

 ( 2r − 1) = ( 2r − 1) −  ( 2r − 1)
3 3 3

r = n −9 r =1 r =1

( )
= ( n ) 2 ( n ) − 1 − ( n − 10 ) 2 ( n − 10 ) − 1 = 99800
2 2 2
( 2
)
80n3 + 960n2 + 5820n − 86760 = 0
or
3
80n + 1200n + 7980n − 79900 = 0 2
A1 1.1b
or
80n3 − 1200n2 + 7980n − 119700 = 0

Solves cubic equation dM1 1.1b

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Achieves n = 6 and the smallest number as 11

or
Achieves n = 5 and the smallest number as 11 A1 2.3
or
Achieves n = 15 and the smallest number as 11
(4)

(9 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: A complete attempt to find the sum of the cubes of n odd numbers using three of the standard
summation formulae.
n n −1

 ( 2r − 1) or
3
 ( 2r + 1)
3
M1: Expands and splits into fours appropriate sums.
r =1 r =0

n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1
M1: Applies the result for at least three summations  r 3 ,  r 2 ,  r and
r =0 r =0 r =0
1 or
r =0
n n n n

 r 3 ,  r 2 ,  r and 1 as appropriate to their expansion provided that there is an attempt at

r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1

cubing some values.

A1: Correct unsimplified expression.
A1 *: Multiplies out to achieve a correct intermediate expression which clearly leads to the correct
expression. cso
n2 n n
Special case: If uses  ( 2r + 1) leading to = 8 ( n + 1) + 12 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) + 6 ( n + 1) + n max
n
3 2

r =1 4 6 2
score is M1 M0 M1 A1 A0
(b)
M1: Uses the answer to part (a) to find the sum of the cubes of the first N + 10 odd numbers minus
the sum of the first N odd numbers and sets equal to 99800 or equivalent.
A1: Correct simplified cubic equation.
dM1: Uses their calculator to solve their cubic equation, dependent on previous method mark.
A1: cao
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

dy −
5(a) = where   0 and   0 and   1
dx 1 −  x2
M1 1.1b
dx dy 1
Alternatively 2 cos y = x  =  sin y  =
dy dx  sin y
1
− dy −1
dy 2
= or = o.e.
dx 1 2 dx 1 2
1− x 2 1− x A1 1.1b
4 4
dy 1
or =− or
dx 2sin y

States that dy  0 therefore C has no stationary points.

dx
Tries to solve dy = 0 and ends up with a contradiction e.g. -1 = 0 A1 2.4
dx
therefore C has no stationary points.
As cosec y > 1 therefore C has no stationary points.
(3)

(b) dy −1  1 
= = − 
dx 1 2  3 M1 1.1b
2 1 − 1
4

Normal gradient = − 1 and y −  = mn ( x − 1)

m 3
M1 1.1b
Alternatively  = mn (1) + c  c = ...   − 3  and then y = mn x + c
3 3 

    3 
y =0 0− = 3 ( x A − 1)  x A = ... 1 − or 1 − 
3  3 3 9 
and M1 3.1a
  
x = 0  yB − = 3 ( 0 − 1)  yB = ...  − 3 
3 3 
1 1   
Area =  xA  − yB = 1 −   3−  M1 1.1b
2 2  3 3  3

Area 1 27 3 − 18 + 3 2
( ) ( p = 27, q = −18, r = 1) A1 2.1
54
(5)

(8 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: Finds the correct form for dy
dx
 PMT

A1: Correct dy
dx
A1: States or shows that dy  0 and draws the required conclusion. This mark can be scored as long
dx
as the M mark has been awarded.
(b)
M1: Substitutes x = 1 into their dy
dx
M1: Finds the normal gradient and finds the equation of the normal using y −  = mn ( x − 1)
3
M1: Finds where their normal cuts the x-axis and the y-axis.
M1: Finds the area of the triangle OAB = 1  x A  − yB .
2
A1: Correct area

Special case: If finds the tangent to the curve, the x and y intercepts and the area of the triangle max
score M1 M0 M1 M0 A0

Note common error

dy −1 dy −2 3
= In part (b) this leads to = leading to normal gradient and
dx 1 2 dx 3 2
1− x
4
3 3 3 2 1 3 2
y x and 0, and 1 ,0 therefore area = 1
2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3
This can score M1 M1 M1 M1 A0
 PMT

Mark
Question Scheme AOs
s

6(a) x = r cos  = a ( p + 2cos  ) cos 

Leading to dx =  sin cos +  sin  ( p + 2 cos  )
d
or dx =  sin cos +  sin 
d M1 3.1a
or
x = a ( p cos  + 2cos  ) = a ( cos 2 + p cos  + 1)
2

leading to dx =  sin2 +  sin 

d
dx
= a  −2sin cos − sin  ( p + 2 cos  ) 
d
or A1 1.1b
dx dx
= −4asin cos − ap sin  or = −2asin2 − ap sin 
d d
a  −2sin cos − sin  ( p + 2 cos  )  = 0

 a ( 4sin  cos  + p sin  ) = 0

M1 3.1a
a sin  ( 4cos  + p ) = 0
Either sin  = 0 or cos  = − p
4
sin  = 0 implies 2 solutions (tangents which are perpendicular to the
initial line) e.g. B1 2.2a
0,

Therefore two solutions to cos  = − p are required

4
A1* 2.4
p
−  −1  p  4 as p is a positive constant 2  p  4 *
4
(5)

(b) Correct shape and position.

Condone cusp

B1 2.2a

(1)

(c) Area =
 
1 2
2
2 0 
 20 ( 3 + 2 cos  )  ( )
 d = 400  9 + 12 cos  + 4 cos  d
2

0 M1 3.4


(
or =  3600 + 4800 cos  + 1600 cos 2  d)
0
 PMT

or
2 2
1 2

2   20 ( 3 + 2 cos  ) ( )
d = 200  9 + 12 cos  + 4 cos 2  d
0 0
2

( )
or =  1800 + 2400 cos  + 800 cos 2  d
0

1 1
cos 2  = + cos 2 
2 2 M1 3.1a
A = ... ( 9 + 12 cos  + 2 + 2 cos 2 ) d =    sin    sin 2

= 400 11 + 12sin  + sin 2  or = 200 11 + 12sin  + sin 2  A1 1.1b

Using limits  = 0 and  =  or  = 0 and  = 2 as appropriate and
subtracts the correct way round provided there is an attempt at
integration
= 400 11 − 0 = 4400 = 13823.0 ( cm2 ) M1 1.1b
or
= 200 11( 2 ) − 0  = 4400 = 13823.0 ( cm 2 )

Volume = area  90 = 396 000 =1 244 070.691 ( cm3 ) M1 3.4

time = 1 244 070.691 = ...

50 000
M1 2.2b
or volume = 1244 litres therefore time = 1244 = ...
50
25 (minutes) A1 3.2a

(7)

(d) For example

Polar equation is not likely to be accurate.
Some comment that the sides will not be smooth and draws an
B1 3.5b
appropriate conclusion.
The hole may not be uniform depth
The pond may leak/ ground may absorb some water
(1)

(14 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: Complete method to find the correct form for dx
d
A1: Correct dx
d
M1: Sets dx = 0 and factorises to find values for either sin  or cos  .
d
B1: Deduces that as sin  = 0 this provides two tangents. This can be implied by 2 values for
A1*: Concludes that as cos  = − p  −1  p  4 and p is a positive constant  0  p  4
4
 PMT

(b)
B1: Correct shape and position.
(c)

1 2
M1: Uses the model to find the area of the cross section 2    20 ( 3 + 2 cos  )  d or
20
2
1 2

2  20 ( 3 + 2 cos  )

0
d

M1: Uses the identity cos 2 = 2cos 2  − 1 to integrate to the required form.
A1: Correct integration.
M1: Uses limits  = 0 and  =  or  = 0 and  = 2 as appropriate and subtracts the correct way
around provided there is an attempt at integration.
Note if first M1 is not awarded for incorrect limits then award this mark for their limits used.
M1: Multiplies their area by 90 (cm).
M1: Divides their volume by 50000
A1: 25 (minutes)
(d)
B1: See scheme for examples. Any reference to the flow of water is B0
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

7(a) Using arsinh = 1 ln 3

1
ln 3
1
− ln 3
2
( )
1
ln  +  2 + 1 = ln 3
2 B1 1.2
e 2
−e 2
=
2

1  +  2 +1 = 3
3−
3   = ...  2 +1 = 3 − M1 1.1b
=
2  2 + 1 = 3 − 2 3 +  2   = ...
3 1
= or A1 2.2a
3 3
(3)
1
ln 3
(b) Volume =   2
sinh 2 y dy B1 2.5
0

2
  e y − e− y    e 2 y − 2 + e −2 y 
  
  dy =   
  dy
 2   4 
M1 3.1a
or
1 1
  
 cosh 2 y − dy
2 2
1  1 2y 1 −2 y 
 e − 2y − e 
42 2  dM1 1.1b
or A1 1.1b
1 1
sinh 2 y − y
4 2
1
Use limits y = 0 and y = ln 3 and subtracts the correct way round M1 1.1b
2
 4 
 − ln 3  or exact equivalent A1 1.1b
43 
(6)

(9 marks)

Notes:
(a)
1
B1: Recalls the definition for sinh ln 3 or forms an equation for arcsinh x
2
M1: Uses logarithms to find a value for  or forms and solves a correct equation without log
A1: Deduces the correct exact value for 
Note using the result
 1 1
2   
ln  + 
 
+ 1  = ln  1 + 4  = ln 3 = 1 ln 3 therefore arsinh 1 1
ln 3
 3    3  2
 3  3  3 2
 
 PMT

1
B1 for substituting in into arcsinhx, M1 for rearranging to show ln 3 , A1 for conclusion
2
(b)
1
ln 3
B1: Correct expression for the volume   2 sinh 2 y dy requires integration signs, dy and correct
0

limits.
M1: Uses the exponential formula for sinh y or the identity cosh 2 y = 1  2 sinh 2 y to
write in a form which can be integrated at least one term
dM1: Dependent of previous method mark, integrates.
A1: Correct integration.
1
M1: Correct use of the limits y = 0 and y = ln 3
2
A1: Correct exact volume.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

8(i) 6
z 62 62 ... 6 2 or 72 and arg z tan 1
...
6 4 M1 3.1a
A1 1.1b
i
Can be implied by r 6 2e 4
2
Adding multiplies of to their argument
5
2 k M1 1.1b
i i 2 k 2 k
z 6 2e 4 e 5
or z 6 2 cos i sin
4 5 4 5
2 4 6 8
i i i i
z re 5
, re 5
, re 5
, re 5
o.e.
or A1ft 1.1b
2 2 6 8
i i i i
z re 5
, re 5
, re 5
, re 5
o.e.
13 21 29 37
i i i i
z 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
o.e.
or A1 1.1b
13 19 11 3
i i i i
z 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
, 6 2e 20
o.e.
(5)
Circle centre (0, 2) and radius 2 or with the point on the origin
(ii)(a) B1 1.1b

Fully correct

B1 1.1b

(2)

(ii)(b) 1 2
1 2
area 3
4sin d or area 3
sin d M1 3.1a
2 4
2 4

1 1
Uses sin 2 cos 2 and integrates to the form A B sin 2
2 2
2
M1 3.1a
area 8 3
sin d 4 3
1 cos 2 d 4 2sin 2
4 4

Uses the limits of and and subtracts the correct way around
4 3
M1 1.1b
2 2
4 2sin 4 2sin
3 3 4 4
 PMT

Area =  − 3 + 2 A1 1.1b
3
(4)
Alternative

Finds either the areas 1 or 2

1  2 
2
Area 1 =  2  sin 
2  3 
 = 3   M1 1.1b
1 2   2 
Area 2 =  2  = 
2 3 3 
A complete method to find area 3
Area 3 = 1   22 − 1  22 =  − 2 M1 3.1a
4 2
A complete method to find the required area

Shaded area = Area of semi circle − area 1 − area 2 − area 3

1  1  2    1 2    1 1 2
=    22  −   22  sin   −   2   −    2 −  2 
2

2  2  3   2 3  4 2 
2
= 2 − 3 − − ( − 2 )
3 M1 3.1a
Or
Shaded area = Area of sector − area 1 − area 3
1  2    1 2  2    1 1 2
 −    2 −  2 
2
=   4   −   2  sin 
2  3   2  3   4 2 
4
= − 3 − ( − 2 )
3

Area =  − 3 + 2 A1 1.1b
3
(4)

(11 marks)

Notes:
(i)
M1: Finds the modulus and argument of z
A1: Correct modulus and argument of z
 PMT

M1: Uses a correct method to find to all the other 4 vertices of the pentagon. Must be doing the
2
equivalent of adding/ subtracting multiplies of to the argument.
5
A1ft: All 4 vertices following through on their modulus and argument. Does not need to be
simplified for this mark.
A1: All 4 vertices correct in the required form
(ii)(a)
B1: Circle centre (0, 2) and radius 2 or with the vertex on the origin.
B1: Fully correct region shaded.
(ii) (b)
M1: Writes the required area using polar coordinates
1 1
M1: Uses sin 2 cos 2 and integrates to the form A B sin 2
2 2
M1: Uses the limits of and and subtracts the correct way around. Must be some attempt at
4 3
1 2
area sin d and integration.
2
A1: Correct exact area =  − 3 + 2
3
Alternative
M1: Finds either area 1 or area 2
M1: A complete method to find the area 3
M1: A complete method to find the required area = Area of semi circle − area 1 − area 2 − area 3 or
= Area of sector − area 1 − area 3
A1: Correct exact area =  − 3+2
3
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks AOs

1
9(a) B1 2.2a
1− z
(1)

(b)(i) 1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ...
2 3
1  1  1 
= 1 +  ( cos  + i sin  )  +  ( cos  + i sin  )  +  ( cos  + i sin  )  + ...
2  2  2  M1 3.1a
1 1 1
= 1 + ( cos  + i sin  ) + ( cos 2 + i sin 2 ) + ( cos 3 + i sin 3 ) + ...
2 4 8
1 1
1 − cos  + i sin 
1 1 2 2
= 
1 1
1 − z 1 − cos  + i sin  1 − cos  + i sin  1
( )
2 2 2 M1 3.1a
or
1 2 2 − ( cos  − i sin  )
= 
1 − z 2 − ( cos  + i sin  ) 2 − ( cos  − i sin  )
1
sin 
1 1 1  2
 ( sin  ) + ( sin 2 ) + ( sin 3 ) + ... = 2 2
2 4 8   1  1 
 1 − cos   + sin  
 2  2 
or M1 2.1

1 1 1  2sin 
 ( sin  ) + ( sin 2 ) + ( sin 3 ) + ... =
 ( 2 − cos  ) + ( sin  )
2 2
2 4 8

2 2
 1  1  1 2 1 2
1 − cos   +  sin   = 1 − cos  + cos  + sin 
 2  2  4 4
5
= − cos 
4 M1 1.1b
or
( 2 − cos  ) + ( sin  )
2 2
= 4 − 4cos  + cos 2  + sin 2 
= 5 − 4cos 
1
sin 
1 1 1 2 2sin 
sin  + sin 2 + sin 3 + ... = = * A1* 1.1b
5
2 4 8 − cos  5 − 4 cos 
4
Alternative
1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ...
2 3
1  1  1 
= 1 +  ( cos  + i sin  )  +  ( cos  + i sin  )  +  ( cos  + i sin  )  + ... M1 3.1a
2  2  2 
1 1 1
= 1 + ( cos  + i sin  ) + ( cos 2 + i sin 2 ) + ( cos 3 + i sin 3 ) + ...
2 4 8
 PMT

1
1 − e − i
1 1 2
=  M1 3.1a
1 − z 1 − 1 e i 1 − 1 e − i
2 2
1
1 − e − i 4 − 2 ( cos  − i sin  )
2 4 − 2e − i
= = M1 2.1
1 1
1 − e i − e − i + (
1 5 − 2 e i + e − i ) 5 − 2 ( 2 cos  )
4 4 4
2sin 
Select the imaginary part M1 1.1b
5 − 4 cos 
1 1 1 2sin 
sin  + sin 2 + sin 3 + ... = * A1* 1.1b
2 4 8 5 − 4 cos 
(5)
1
(b)(ii) 1 − cos 
2 = 0  cos  = 2 M1 3.1a
5
− cos 
4
As (−1 ) cos   1 therefore there is no solution to cos  = 2 so there
A1 2.4
will also be a real part, hence the sum cannot be purely imaginary.
Alternative 1
4 − 2 cos  1 3 M1 3.1a
Imaginary part is = +
5 − 4 cos  2 2 ( 5 − 4 cos  )
1 3 3
−1  cos   1 therefore   so sum must contain
6 2 ( 5 − 4cos  ) 2 A1 2.4
real part
Alternative 2
1 i M1 3.1a
ki z 1
1 z k
mod z 1 contradiction hence cannot be purely imaginary A1 2.4

(2)

(8 marks)

Notes:
(a)
B1: See scheme
(b)(i)
M1: Substitutes z = 1 ( cos  + i sin  ) into at least 3 terms of the series and applies de Moivre’s
2
theorem.
M1: Substitutes z = 1 ( cos  + i sin  ) into their answer to part (a) and rationalises the denominator.
2
M1: Equates the imaginary terms.
M1: Multiplies out the denominator and simplifies by using the identity cos2  + sin 2  = 1
 PMT

A1*: cso. Achieves the printed answer having substituted z = 1 ( cos  + i sin  ) into 4 terms of the
2
series.
Alternative
M1: Substitutes z = 1 ( cos  + i sin  ) into at least 3 terms of the series and applies de Moivre’s
2
theorem.
M1: Substitutes z = 1 ei into their answer to part (a) and rationalises the denominator.
2
M1: Uses e = cos − i sin  and ei + e−i = 2cos  to express in terms of sin  and cos 
−i

M1: Select the imaginary terms.

A1*: cso Achieves the printed answer having substituted z = 1 ( cos  + i sin  ) into 4 terms of the
2
series.
(b)(ii)
M1: Setting the real part of the series = 0 and rearranges to find cos  = ...
A1: See scheme
Alternative 1
M1: Rearranges imaginary part so that cos only appears once
A1: Uses −1  cos   1 to show that the sum must always be positive so must contain a real part
Alternative 2
M1: Sets sum as purely imaginary and rearranges to make z the subject
A1: Shows a contradiction and draws an appropriate conclusion