Vol-4 Issue-2 2018 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

CNC Based 3D Printer using Arduino

Prof. Sanjay Sonar1, Deepak Tiwari2, Rahul Wagh3, Snehal Utekar4, Ashwini Thete5
1
Prof. Sanjay V. Sonar,Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konkan Gyanpeeth College of
Engg, Maharashtra, India
2
Mr. Deepak Tiwari, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konkan Gyanpeeth College of
Engg, Maharashtra, India
3
Mr. Rahul Wagh Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konkan Gyanpeeth College of
Engg, Maharashtra, India
4
Miss Snehal Utekat, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konkan Gyanpeeth College of
Engg, Maharashtra, India
5
Miss Ashwini Thete, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konkan Gyanpeeth College of
Engg, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
This is a research paper on 3D printing which has become a notable topic in today’s technological discussion. In
this paper, we will look at additive manufacturing or 3D printing. We will firstly define what we mean by this term
and what is so significant about it. We will delve a bit into the history. Then we shall see about the process of 3D
printing and the materials used in the manufacture of 3D printed objects. We shall also see the advantages of 3D
printing as compared to conventional methods of manufacturing. We shall observe the numerous applications it is
being out to use today. Finally the future potential of this technology is outlined.

Keyword : - 3D,CNC ,Printing, FDM, RepRap, Modeling .

1. INTRODUCTION

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is any of various processes for making a three-dimensional object of
almost any shape from a 3D model or other electronic data source primarily through additive processes in which
successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.
Early AM equipment and materials were developed in the 1980s. In 1984, Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp invented
a process known as stereo lithography employing UV lasers to cure photopolymers. Hull also developed the .STL
file format widely accepted by 3D printing software, as well as the digital slicing and infill strategies common to
many processes today. Also during the 1980s, the metal sintering forms of AM were being developed (such as
selective laser sintering and direct metal laser sintering), although they were not yet called 3D printing or AM at the
time. In 1990, the plastic extrusion technology most widely associated with the term “3D printing” was
commercialized by Stratasys under the name fused deposition modeling (FDM). In 1995, Z Corporation
commercialized an MIT-developed additive process under the trademark 3D printing (3DP), referring at that time to
a proprietary process inkjet deposition of liquid binder on powder. AM technologies found applications starting in
the 1980s in product development, data visualization, rapid prototyping, and specialized manufacturing. Their
expansion into production (job production, mass production, and distributed manufacturing) has been under
development in the decades since. Industrial production roles within the metalworking industries achieved
significant scale for the first time in the early 2010s. Since the start of the 21st century there has been a large growth
in the sales of AM machines, and their price has dropped substantially

1.1 Existing System

As the various additive processes matured, it became clear that soon metal removal would no longer be the only
metal working process done through a tool or head moving through a 3D work envelope transforming a mass of raw
material into a desired shape layer by layer. The 2010s were the first decade in which metal end use parts such as

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Vol-4 Issue-2 2018 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

engine bracket and large nuts would be grown (either before or instead of machining) in job production rather than
obligately being machined from bar stock or plate. It is still the case that casting, fabrication, stamping, and
machining are more prevalent than AM in metalworking, but AM is now beginning to make significant inroads, and
with the advantages of design for additive manufacturing, it is clear to engineers that much more is to come.

1.2 Proposed System

A model of the object to be printed must be created in a 3D art program. Information from the model is then sent to
the printer. People can create their own unique object designs or they can download designs from websites. Some
companies print 3D objects for people. Some of these companies also let people create their own online store to sell
objects that they've designed. A pen that creates 3D objects is available for purchase and costs considerably less than
a printer. People are finding creative uses for the pen. It's an interesting device for creating three dimensional art and
sculpture, although the resulting objects don't look like those created by a printer..

2. WORKING

3D printer is basically a CNC based machine, CNC stands computer numerical control it is automation of machine
tools which are control by pre-programmed command in computer. 3D printer works in 3 dimensional movement
i.e. X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. X&Y axis are responsible for the movement of the Heat end/ nozzle and Z axis is
used to move the platform /Heat Bed. Working of 3D printer starts with creating a 3D model,3D printable models
may be created with a computer-aided design (CAD) package or via a 3D scanner .The (Fuse Deposition Modeling )
FDM method is used for printing 3D printers that run on FDM Technology build parts layer-by-layer from the
bottom up by heating and extruding thermoplastic filament.

Fig -1: FDM

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The process is simple:

1. Pre-processing: Build-preparation software slices and positions a 3D CAD file and calculates a path to
extrude thermoplastic and any necessary support material.
2. Production: The 3D printer heats the thermoplastic to a semi-liquid state and deposits it in ultra-fine beads
along the extrusion path. Where support or buffering is needed, the 3D printer deposits a removable material
that acts as scaffolding.
3. Post-processing: The user breaks away support material or dissolves it in detergent and water, and the part
is ready to use. Printing material used for printing the object are PLA and ABS this material is passed to
nozzle through extruder to print the object. The heating point for material ranges from 175 degree to 275
degree Celsius.
A typical 3D printer is very much like an inkjet printer operated from a computer. It builds up a 3D model one
layer at a time, from the bottom upward, by repeatedly printing over the same area in a method known as
fused depositional modeling (FDM). Working entirely automatically, the printer creates a model over a period
of hours by turning a 3D CAD drawing into lots of two-dimensional, cross-sectional layers—effectively
separate 2D prints that sit one on top of another, but without the paper in between. Instead of using ink,
which would never build up to much volume, the printer deposits layers of molten plastic or powder and
fuses them together.

2.2 Block Diagram

Fig -2: Block Diagram

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3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
3.1 Hardware Requirement

Fig -3: Circuit Diagram

Table -1: Components List

Components Voltage Description

Arduino Mega 2560 5V 54 digital input/output pins, 16 analog inputs, 4
UARTs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator.
RAMPS 1.4 Shield 12V- 3 MOSFETs for heater / fan outputs and 3
24V thermistor circuits., Heated bed control with
additional 11A fuse, Fits 5 stepper driver board

NEMA 17 Stepper 12V- The dimension labeled “length” is 38 mm. The

Motor 24V output D-shaft has a 5 mm diameter with a
section that is flattened by 0.5 mm. This shaft
works with our 5 mm universal mounting hub.
E3D Hot-end
12V In general the E3D –v6 hot-end is highly
tolerant of most printing condition and is
designed to accept the vat majority of filaments
on the marker.

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A4988 Stepper Motor 3.3V-5V Low RDS(ON) outputs Automatic current decay
mode detection, Mixed and Slow current decay
Drivers
modes
5V These End Stop Switches are used to sense the
End stop
endpoints on all the axis in a 3D Printer.

3.2 Software Requirement

Fig -3: Flowchart

We make the 3D model of required object by using CAD software and convert it into .STL file. An STL file is a
triangular representation of a 3D surface geometry.
This .STL file is opened in PRINTRUN software to convert in G-CODE file format. This G-CODE file is moved to
Arduino board .The Arduino the assembled instructions to Ramps 1.4.RAMPS 1.4 controls the motor that operates
the machine. Thus the machine prints the object.

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4. CONCLUSIONS
The world is forever changing with the help of 3d printing. The use of 3D printing for medicinal purpose today is
beyond astonishing but what the future holds is unknown, however it is certain that additive layer manufacturing
will be a large corporate in solving our problems.3D printing really is limitless and only the surface has been
scratched, there is still much more to be uncovered. As shown in throughout the web page. 3D printing bones is still
new and continuously improving and adjusting but it has already enhanced the life of many patient around the world
and more specifically in Australia. It is evident that more funding and research put into 3D printing, the further 3D
printing will take us. 3D is forever unpredictable. “If a picture is worth a thousand words A prototype is worth a
thousand picture.”There are currently world changing application for 3D printers being developed for the future.
Such development include printing edible food as well as fully functional limbs and exoskeletons. These
developments, if achieved could positively affect the lives of millions of people.
This report and project has given me the opportunity to gain valuable knowledge about this exciting, growing
innovation and I look forward to one day using the technology.
In conclusion, the emergence of 3D printers has made a large impact on the world today and inevitably on our
future.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Project would not have been completed without the encouragement and support of many people who gave their
precious time and encouragement throughout this period. First and foremost we would like to express our sincerest
gratitude to our project guide Prof. S.V.Sonar for his invaluable support, guidance, motivation and encouragement
throughout the period this work was carried out.
We are also grateful to Prof. G.V.Dakhave Head of Department, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
who gave us permission to use the project lab and give us all the necessary information for completion of project...

6. REFERENCES

[1]. Workshop Rapid Prototyping, Stefan Junk, Rebecca Matt, IEEE Conference.
[2]. Research on Control method of 3D printer based on the FDM Technology. Yin He, Wen Quangang.
[3]. From CAD model to toy brick sculptures: A 3D block printer. Shoji Maruo, Ojiro Nakano.
[4]. Adaptive 3D Virtual Learning Environment, Alvaro Soria, IEEE.

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