Dynamic Stability Control 8plus
Dynamic Stability Control 8plus
05/2005
34 01 05 (126)
Update: 10/2006
Introduction
The xDrive all-wheel drive system was introduced on the BMW 5-Series in 03/2005. From this time on, these vehicles
are equipped as standard with Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) 8Plus.
DSC 8Plus is an advanced development of DSC 8.
The DSC unit (comprising DSC control unit and hydraulic unit) is even more powerful.
The newly developed switchover valves allow a more precise regulation, especially at low brake pressure. DSC 8Plus is
supplied by Bosch.
> E60, E61 from 03/2005 up to 09/2005 (all-wheel drive) [system overview ...]
> E60, E61, E63, E64 from 09/2005 (rear and all-wheel drive) [system overview ...]
> E83 from 09/2006 [system overview ...]
> E90, E91 from 09/2005 and E92 from 06/2006 (all-wheel drive) [system overview ...]
> Hydraulic circuit diagram with electrically actuated valves [system overview ...]
The principal new features of DSC 8Plus are:
- Additional functions:
• Brake Standby through precautionary pre-tensioning of the brakes in an emergency
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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• Brake disc drying on wet roads
• Detection of fading and increase in brake pressure during fading
• Start-off assistant
• Soft stop when braking to standstill
Note: New soft stop function not available on BMW 3-Series all-wheel drive or E83.
For technical reasons, the soft stop function has not been incorporated on BMW 3-Series all-wheel drive or on
E83 vehicles.
- 2 additional brake pressure sensors, only in combination with Active Cruise Control (ACC)
The following components are described for the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC):
- DSC unit
The DSC unit consists of the components DSC control unit and hydraulic unit.
The DSC control unit regulates the pressure in the brake system via the hydraulic unit (comprises valve block and
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pump motor).
[more ...]
- Brake light switch
The brake light switch tells the DSC when the brake pedal has been pressed.
- 4 wheel-speed sensors
The active wheel-speed sensors register the speed of an individual wheel at their circumference. Moreover, the
wheel-speed sensors also recognise the direction of rotation (forwards or backwards).
When a wheel is stationary, the wheel-speed sensor emits a pulse every 0.75 seconds.
[more ...]
- DSC sensor
The DSC sensor measures:
• Vehicle rotation around the vertical axis (yaw rate)
• Lateral acceleration of vehicle
• Longitudinal acceleration of vehicle
> E60, E61, E63, E64
The DSC sensor is linked to the DSC control unit by the F-CAN (chassis CAN).
The DSC sensor is secured to the floor assembly under the front-passenger seat.
> E83
The DSC sensor is connected to the DSC control unit via the PT-CAN (powertrain CAN).
The DSC sensor is secured to the retainer plate for the parking brake lever.
> E90, E91, E92
The DSC sensor is linked to the DSC control unit by the F-CAN (chassis CAN).
The DSC sensor is located on the seat cross member under the driver's seat.
- Steering-angle sensor
The steering-angle sensor registers the movements of the steering wheel.
> E60, E61, E63, E64
The steering-angle sensor is part of the steering column switch cluster (SZL).
The steering column switch cluster is connected to the F-CAN (chassis CAN) and to the PT-CAN (powertrain
CAN).
> E90, E91, E92
The steering-angle sensor is part of the steering column switch cluster (SZL).
The steering column switch cluster is connected to the F-CAN (chassis CAN).
> E83
The steering-angle sensor is fitted to the steering spindle. The steering angle sensor is connected to the PT-CAN
(powertrain CAN).
- Internal brake pressure sensor
The DSC unit incorporates a brake-pressure sensor. This brake pressure sensor registers the braking pressure
applied by the brake pedal and the brake booster.
- 2 brake pad wear sensors
The brake pad wear sensors (front left and rear right in the inner brake pads) provide additional information about
the thickness of the brake pads. This additional information (2 reference points) is compared to the value
calculated by the DSC.
A critical brake lining thickness will be indicated in the instrument cluster by the "Next Service" indicator (Condition
Based Service, CBS) and by the general brake warning lamp lighting up red.
- DTC button
The DTC button has the letters "DTC". The DTC button can be used to select 3 switch states:
- DTC button not pressed after terminal change: DSC in operation (default)
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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- DTC button briefly pressed: DTC in operation (DTC indicator light lights up in instrument cluster)
- DTC button pressed and held: DSC and ASC deactivated, ABS and ABD-X on all wheel drive vehicles
remain active (indicator lamp in instrument cluster lights up permanently)
> E60, E61, E63, E64
The DTC button is in the centre console switch cluster (SZM) The signal is transmitted on the K-CAN and via a
separate wire. The signal on the separate wire is decisive.
> E83
The DTC button is in the centre console switch cluster (SZM) The signal is transmitted via a separate wire.
The DSC control unit also communicates with the following control units:
- DME or DDE: Digital engine electronics or digital diesel electronics
The DME or DDE, as applicable, controls engine adaptation (for example, reduction in engine output to prevent
spin at the driven wheels). The DME or DDE also receives the converted wheel speed signal from the rear right
wheel. This signal is used to check the plausibility of engine misfires (DME). The signal on the PT-CAN is
redundant.
- RLS: Rain-light sensor
The signal from the rain-light sensor is used to brake the brake discs dry on a wet road surface. In addition, it is
important for a wiper stage to be switched on.
> E60, E61, E63, E64
The rain-light sensor supplies the signal on the CAN bus.
> E83
The rain-light sensor supplies the signal on the K-bus.
> E90, E91, E92
The rain-light sensor is connected to the roof control panel (FZD) via the LIN bus.
- CAS and M-ASK/CCC: Car Access System and multi-audio system controller/Car Communication
Computer
The CAS control unit and M-ASK/CCC receive the converted wheel speed signal from the rear left wheel.
Both these control units use this signal to ascertain whether the car is moving or at a standstill.
- SGM: Safety and gateway module
> E60, E61, E63, E64 up to 09/2005
The SGM is the data interface (= gateway) between:
• PT-CAN
• K-CAN
• Byteflight
• Diagnosis wire to diagnosis socket
- KGM: Body gateway module
> E60, E61, E63, E64 from 09/2005
The vehicle electrical system was changed from 09/2005. As a result of the change, several control units were
discontinued and some control unit functions were integrated into new control units.
The new body gateway module supersedes the safety and gateway module (SGM) previously fitted.
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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The KGM is the data interface (= gateway) between:
• PT-CAN
• K-CAN
• Diagnosis wire to diagnosis socket
- JBE: Junction box electronics
> E90, E91 from 09/2005 and
> E92 from 06/2006
The JBE is the data interface (= gateway) between:
• PT-CAN
• K-CAN
• Diagnosis wire to diagnosis socket
Signals from the chassis CAN (F-CAN) are simply looped through.
- ACC: Active Cruise Control
DSC receives requests from Active Cruise Control (ACC) via the PT-CAN. In response, DSC reduces speed by
applying the brakes at all four wheels.
> E60, E61, E63, E64
[for further information, please refer to SI Technology (SBT) 66 01 04 067]
> E90, E91 from 09/2005 and
E92 from 06/2006
The request for brake application is given by the LDM control unit (LDM: longitudinal dynamics
management).
[for further information, please refer to SI Technology (SBT) 66 03 04 086]
- LM: Light module
> E60, E61, E63, E64
As required by law, the brake lights are activated in the event of automatic braking when the Electronically
Controlled Deceleration function (ECD) is triggered by the ACC.
To do this, a signal must be sent from the DSC to the light module (LM) via the K-CAN.
- FRM: Footwell module
> E90, E91, E92
As required by law, the brake lights are activated in the event of automatic braking when the Electronically
Controlled Deceleration function (ECD) is triggered by the ACC.
To do this, a signal must be sent from the DSC to the footwell module via the PT-CAN.
- KOMBI: Instrument cluster
The DSC control unit actuates the indicator and warning lights for the individual DSC functions via the instrument
cluster (signal via CAN bus).
> E83
The instrument cluster is the data interface (= gateway) between:
• PT-CAN
• K-bus
- EGS: Electronic gearbox control (vehicles with automatic transmission)
The transmission control (EGS) receives the wheel-speed signals via the PT-CAN.
The gearbox controller responds by adapting the gearshift characteristics for cornering and ascents. In addition,
the gearshift characteristics are adapted to winter conditions (high wheel slip).
Moreover, gearshifts are suppressed during DSC control.
- CID and CON: Central Information Display and controller
The detailed texts for the Check-Control messages are shown in the Central Information Display (CID).
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CID and controller are also used to initialise the Run Flat Indicator (RPA).
With xDrive an additional function can be activated to reduce speed when driving downhill: Hill descent control
(HDC)
- TCU or ULF: Telephone control unit with GPS antenna
If the car is not fitted with a navigation system, the telephone control unit receives the converted wheel speed
signals from the front left and right wheels.
The telephone control unit uses these signals to pinpoint the car's position by dead reckoning.
- GM: General module
> E83
The general module supplies input signals with respect to terminal control.
System functions
The dynamic stability control system (DSC) controls longitudinal and transverse dynamics by means of engine and
brake system intervention.
DSC 8Plus includes the following new functions.
- Brake Standby through pre-tensioning of the brakes in an emergency
- Brake disc drying on wet roads
- Fading compensation
- Soft stop when braking to standstill (not on BMW 3-Series all-wheel drive or E83)
- Start-off assistant
DSC 8Plus includes the following familiar functions.
- ABS: Anti-lock braking system
- EBV: Electronic brake force distribution
- CBC: Cornering brake control
- DTC: Dynamic traction control
- ASC: Automatic stability control
- MSR: Engine drag torque control
- DBC: Dynamic brake control
- Trailer stabilisation control
- HDC: Hill descent control
- ECD: Electronically controlled deceleration (only in conjunction with ACC)
- All-wheel control
- RPA: Run Flat Indicator
- CBS: Condition Based Service
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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The brake pads are lightly applied. This function also shortens the brakes' response time.
Depending on the signal from the rain sensor and the position of the wiper switch, DSC cyclically generates a low
brake pressure. This creates no measurable deceleration on the vehicle. The brake pads are cyclically applied.
This means that the brake disc are regularly wiped down. How often and how long the brake pads are applied
depends on:
• The intensity of the rain, e.g. the speed of the windscreen wiper
• Road speed greater than 70 km/h
Fading compensation
Fading means: braking effect deteriorates as a result of high brake-disc temperatures.
If fading is detected, DSC reacts by increasing the brake pressure above that specified by the driver.
At very high brake-disc temperatures, fading compensation is indicated by the following:
• General brake warning lamp lighting up yellow
• Check-Control symbol in LCD display in instrument cluster lighting up yellow
(not E83)
DSC detects fading as follows: DSC compares the current vehicle deceleration with a nominal value based on the
current brake pressure.
DSC increases brake pressure until the nominal deceleration is achieved or until all wheels are subject to ABS
control. The process is ended when the brake pedal is no longer depressed or when the speed drops below a
certain threshold.
Soft stop when braking to standstill (not on BMW 3-Series all-wheel drive or E83)
Soft stop prevents the vehicle from jolting to a stop (e.g. with an inexperienced driver).
When the vehicle is braked to a standstill, there is no uncomfortable jerk (causing the occupants to "lurch"
forward). DSC calculates the moment that standstill can be expected from the current road speed and
deceleration.
Just before standstill is achieved, the brake pressure on the rear axle is reduced so that the vehicle stops with
practically no jerking.
Soft stop is only active for light braking, so that the shortest possible stopping distance can still be achieved in
emergency braking situations.
Start-off assistant
When pulling away on a slope, it is necessary to move your foot from the brake pedal to the accelerator pedal.
The start-off assistant prevents the vehicle from rolling downhill in the following situations:
• uphill in forward gear
• uphill in reverse gear
It does this by maintaining the brake pressure needed to hold the vehicle. The gradient is recorded by the
longitudinal-acceleration sensor in the DSC control unit.
The braking torque and engine torque needed is calculated from the gradient. When pulling away is detected,
brake pressure is reduced as soon as the available engine torque is sufficient to move the vehicle in the direction
required. The start-off assistant is deactivated when the parking brake is applied. If no move is made to pull away
within 2 seconds of the brake pedal being released, the start-off assistant will be deactivated.
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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braking individual wheels.
DSC actions are superimposed on the ABS and ASC functions.
The DSC function can be deactivated by means of the DTC button.
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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If the wheels on the driven axle have a different level of grip, the wheel that tends to spin is braked. If necessary,
the engine's power output is also reduced.
All-wheel control
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) specifies the nominal value for xDrive all-wheel control. The DSC control unit
calculates the locking moment for the multi-plate clutch in the transfer box.
The nominal value depends on the vehicle's tendency to oversteer or understeer and wheelslip. The nominal
value is sent via the PT-CAN to the VTG control unit.
The VTG control unit reports the actual set locking moment back to the DSC control unit.
The DSC control unit calculates the locking torque for the multi-plate clutch as follows:
• Pre-activation = driver's command
• Driving dynamic control
• Detection of different tyre rolling circumferences
[for further information, please refer to SI Technology (SBT) 27 01 05 128]
RPA: Run Flat Indicator
The Run Flat Indicator (RPA) is not a dynamic driving control function.
RPA is integrated into the DSC control unit as 4 wheel-speed signals are needed for this function.
By comparing the speed signals for all four wheels, the system detects differences in rolling circumference at the
individual wheels. This enables a gradual drop in pressure to be detected.
[for further information, please refer to SI Technology (SBT) 36 01 04 078]
Operation
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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short DTC function activated. DTC indicator light on.
< 3 seconds DSC indicator and warning light on.
long DSC is completely deactivated DSC indicator and warning light on.
> 3 seconds This mode is intended for service work
(e.g. brake dynamometer).
SBT Dynamic Stability Control 8Plus E60, E61, E63, E64, E83, E90, E91, E92 BMW AG - TIS 07.02.2008 16:20
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