BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)

Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.1: Verb tenses

Phần 1.1

Slide Nội dung

Hello everyone. I’m Ho Le Hang. Welcome to Unit 4. In this chapter, we will find
1
out about verbs, verb tenses, imperatives and we also learn about ‘be, have, do’.
After this lesson, you can identify the form and use of the simple present and
2 present progressive tense; the simple past and past progressive tense; the simple
present perfect and present perfect progressive tense and apply them in various
contexts.
In this lesson, we’re going to discover:
The simple present and present progressive tenses
3 The simple past tense
The simple past and past progressive tenses
The simple present perfect and present perfect progressive
4 And now, let’s start with the simple present and present progressive tenses.
First, we will discover the pronunciation and spelling of the 3rd person in simple
present. Regarding the pronunciation, we pronounce:
-s as /s/ after sounds like /f/; /p/ /k/; /t/
Ex: safes /seifs/; cups /kʌps/; books /bʊks/; units /`ju:nits/
5 -s as /iz/ after sounds like /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/.
Ex: bus /bʌs/🡪 buses ˈ/bʌsɪz/; brush /brʌʃ/ 🡪 brushes /brә:∫iz/
relax /rɪˈlæks/ 🡪 relaxes /rɪˈlæksɪz/
-s as /z/ after all other sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ, /l/, /r/ and vowel +
w or r.
 Ex: birds /bɜːrdz/; buildings /ˈbɪldɪŋz/; rooms /ruːmz/; cars /kɑːrz/windows
/ˈwɪndoʊz/; sees
How about the spelling of the 3rd person, simple present?
We add -s to most verbs: work/works, drive/drives, play/plays, run/runs.
• Ex: She likes apples. / He plays tennis.
6
We add -es to verbs ending in -o: do/does; -s: misses; -x: mixes; -ch/-sh:
catches/pushes.
• Ex: She goes to school. / It catches on quick.
Next, let’s move to uses of the simple present tense. We use the simple present tense
for:
1. 'The present period' (= 'this is the situation at present'):
Ex: My sister works in a bank. / Your mother cooks in the kitchen.
2.Habitual actions:
Ex: I brush my teeth every day. / - He usually gets up at 6 o'clock.
3. Permanent truths
Ex: The sun sets in the west. / - The earth moves around the Sun.
7
4.Future reference (for timetables,)
Ex: The train leaves at 2.30 pm. / - The flight starts at 7 am tomorrow.
5. Instruction:
Ex: First you weigh the ingredients
6. Commentaries:
Ex: Backer servers to Lendl.
7. Observation & declarations
Ex: I hope so/ It says here that….
Alright, let’s continue with stative and dynamic verbs.
1. STATIVE VERBS: Refer to 'states'. A state has no beginning and no end. We
8
don't 'control' it, so we don't normally use stative verbs in progressive tenses:
Ex: She loves her baby more than anything. (Not 'is loving')
 Ex: He seems to be a visionary leader. ✔
He is seeming to be a visionary employee. 🗶
2. DYNAMIC VERBS: We can use them in two ways:
- in the simple present tense to describe habits.
Ex: I often make cakes.
- in the present progressive to describe deliberate actions in progress.
Ex: I'm making a cake.
3. We can describe three classes of verbs:
a) Dynamic verbs which have simple or progressive forms (most verbs in
English):
I often listen to records. (simple present tense)
I'm listening to a record. (present progressive tense)
b) Verbs which are always stative:
This coat belongs to you. (Simple present tense) (Not 'is belonging')
c) Verbs that have stative or dynamic uses:
9
I'm weighing myself. (a deliberate action: present progressive tense)
I weigh 65 kilos. (a state) (Not I'm weighing 65 kilos.)
4. There are five groups of stative verbs referring to:
feelings: like, love, care, like, …
thinking/believing: think, understand, …
wants: want, prefer, wish…
perception: hear, see, sound, taste….
being/having/owning: appear, seem, belong, involve …
10 Alright, let’s move to the present progressive tenses.
Regarding spelling, now we will find out how to add "-ing" to a verb to form
11 progressive tenses:
• Add "-ing" to most verbs, without changing the base form: wait/waiting
 Ex: Wait for me =》I am waiting for you.
• If a verbs ends in "-e", omit the "-e" and add "-ing": use/using
Ex: Use a broom =》I am using a broom.
• A single vowel followed by a single consonant double the final consonant:
sit/sitting
Ex: Sit down =》I am sitting down.
• Double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is
stressed: be'gin/be’ginning.
Ex: Begin work =》I am beginning work.
• ic changes to "-ick": picnic/picnicking, "-ie" changes to "-y".
Ex: Lie down =》I am lying down.
Let’s move to uses of the present progressive tense. We use the present progressive
tense to describe:
• Actions in progress at the moment of speaking:
Ex: He's working at the moment.
• Temporary situations/actions, not necessarily in progress at the moment of
12 speaking:
Ex: My daughter is studying English at Durham University.
• Planned actions (+future adverbial reference):
Ex: We're spending next winter in Australia.
• Repeated actions with adverbs like always, forever:
Ex: She's always helping people.
13 Let’s continue the lesson with the simple past tense.
First, I would like to introduce to you the past form and pronunciation of regular
verbs
14
We usually add -ed to the base of verb
Ex: play-> played
 marry -> married
We pronounce /id/: end in /t/, /d /
• Ex: wanted, needed, posted,...
We pronounce /t/: end in /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/.
• Ex: hoped, coughed, fixed, washed, catched, asked, ...
We pronounce /d/ with remaining cases
• Ex: opened, played, arrived,...
*NOTE: A few verbs are pronounced and spelt /d/ or /t/: burned/ burnt,
dreamed/dreamt, learned/learnt,...
Now, let’s move to irregular past forms. Some verbs:
• have the same form in all parts
Ex: hit-hit-hit, cut-cut-cut,...
15 • change one part only
Ex: keep-kept-kept, think- thought- thought,...
• change 2 parts
Ex: go- went-gone, ring- rang- rung,...
How about the uses of the simple past tense?
We use the simple past to talk about events, actions, situations happened in the past
and are now finished. We often use time references like yesterday, ago, last...
We also use the past
16
+ to describe actions which happened in the recent or distant past:
• Ex: I went to school yesterday.
+ to describe past habit
• Ex: Last summer, I ate 2 snack packs a day.
Now, we learn about the irregular verbs past forms.
17 A small number of irregular verbs have the same form in the present as in the past:
e.g. burst/ burst, cost/cost, cut/cut, hit/hit, put/put.
 We have to remember, especially with such verbs, that the third person singular
does not change in the past:
Ex: He put on a clean shirt yesterday. (past)
He puts on a clean shirt every day. (present)
After I, you, we, and they, the context or the adverbial tells us the tense:
I put on a clean shirt yesterday. (past)
I put on a clean shirt every day. (present)
That is the end of the first part of the lesson today. Thank you and see you in the
18
lesson.
 BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)
Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.1: Verb tenses

Phần 1.2

1 Next, let’s move to uses of the past progressive tense.

There are five basic uses of the past progressive tense. We use it for:
1. Temporary actions in progress in the past: I was living abroad in 1987.
We often use all to emphasize continuity (all day, all summer): It was raining all
night.
2. Actions which were in progress when something else happened:
Just as/when I was leaving, the phone rang.
These are often introduced by conjunctions like when, as, just as and while, but
2
the shorter action can be introduced by when: We were having supper when the
phone rang.
3. Actions in progress at the same time: While I was reading, Joan was playing the
piano.
4. Repeated actions with e.g., always: When I worked here, I was always making
mistakes.
5. Polite inquiries: I was wondering if you could give me a lift.
You know, it is very interesting that we often use past tenses (simple past, past
progressive and past perfect) for storytelling.
3
We use the past progressive to set the scene at the beginning of the story.
Alright, let’s do this exercise to practice this kind of feature.
Circle the simple past and the past progressive verbs in this story.
4
THE SECRET AGENT
 It was just before the Second World War. Tom was only 20 at the time and was
living with his mother. He was working in a bank and travelling to London every
day. One morning, he received a mysterious letter. It was addressed to 'Mr Thomas
Parker'. The letter, which was signed, 'A Friend', asked Tom to go to The Crown
Inn during his lunch hour. All morning, as he was dealing with customers, Tom was
wondering whether he should do this. At lunch time he decided to go to the inn. It
was full of people and Tom couldn't recognize anyone. He was just wondering if he
should leave, when a stranger introduced himself and said he had known Tom's
father, who had died when Tom was a baby. The stranger explained that Tom's
father, Bill, was a secret agent in the First World War. Through this meeting, Tom
was recruited to be a secret agent, too, and was already working in France when the
war began.

THE SECRET AGENT

It was just before the Second World War. Tom was only 20 at the time and was
living with his mother. He was working in a bank and travelling to London every
day. One morning, he received a mysterious letter. It was addressed to 'Mr Thomas
Parker'. The letter, which was signed, 'A Friend', asked Tom to go to The Crown
Inn during his lunch hour. All morning, as he was dealing with customers, Tom
5 was wondering whether he should do this. At lunch time he decided to go to the
inn. It was full of people and Tom couldn't recognize anyone. He was just
wondering if he should leave, when a stranger introduced himself and said he had
known Tom's father, who had died when Tom was a baby. The stranger explained
that Tom's father, Bill, was a secret agent in the First World War. Through this
meeting, Tom was recruited to be a secret agent, too, and was already working
in France when the war began.
Now, we continue with the simple present perfect and the present perfect
6
progressive.
 There are two ways to use the simple present perfect:
+ Describe actions beginning in the PAST and continuing up to the PRESENT
moment:
• Time references such as: before (now), ever, never… before, up till now, so far
Ex: I have received 20 cards so far.
I have never tasted mango (before).
• Since/for:
7 Ex: I have lived here since 1990.
I have lived here for 20 years.
+ Describe actions without an unspecified time in the PAST:
• No time reference at all: Have you passed your driving test?
This could mean “very recently” or “at any time up to now”
• Recent time such as: just, recently, already, still, yet
Ex: I have just eaten.
• Repeated or habitual actions: I have watched him on TV several times.
How about the present perfect progressive tense?
We use the present perfect progressive tense when we want to emphasize
something has been in progress throughout a period:
❖ Instead of saying: I have worked all day, we can say, for emphasis, I have
been working all day.
8 • Some continuity verbs: learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait,
work and we often use them with since and for.
• They can be used in the present perfect tense: I have waited here for two
hours.
Nevertheless, we most often use them in the progressive: I have been waiting here
for two hours.
And now we compare the use of the present perfect progressive and the simple
9
present perfect.
 • With the present perfect progressive:
I have been painting this room. (means the action is unfinished)
• With the simple present perfect:
I have painted this room. (means the action is definitely finished)
How about the difference between the simple past and the simple present perfect?
• With the simple past: we have to say or imply “when” something occurred:
I finished the job yesterday/ an hour ago.
• With the present perfect: we do not say “exactly when”:
I have finished the job. / I have just finished the job. (still not having “exactly
when”)
This is the end of the lesson today. In this lesson you discovered the form and use
of the simple present and present progressive tense; the simple past and past
10 progressive tense; the simple present perfect and present perfect progressive tense
I hope that you all had a great time. Goodbye and look forward to seeing you next
lesson.
 BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)
Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.1: Verb tenses

Phần 2:

Slide Nội dung

Hello everyone. Welcome back! Today we continue with tenses in English. Let’s
1
start with simple past perfect tense.

After this lesson you can identify the form and use of simple past perfect and past
perfect progressive tenses, the simple future tense, the simple future, the future
2
progressive, the future perfect, ‘going to’ and other ways of expressing the future
and the imperative and know how to apply them in various contexts.

Some main features we will focus on in this lesson are the simple past perfect and
past perfect progressive tenses, the simple future tense, the simple future, the future
3
progressive, the future perfect, ‘going to’ and other ways of expressing the future
and the imperative.

First, let’s talk about the use of the simple past perfect tense.
When we have two past references, we are not obliged to use the simple past perfect:
After I finished work, I went home.
But we often need the past perfect for the event that happened first to avoid ambiguity:
4
When I arrived, Ann left. (at the moment)
When I arrived, Ann had left. (before I got there)
We often introduce the past perfect with conjunctions like when, after, as soon as, by
the time that.
 We use adverbs like already, ever, never…before.
Form of the simple past perfect tense:

Subject had Rest of

+Verb Sentence
(V3)
(Past
Participle)

5 I / You / had met him before he

We / They became
He / She / It famous

had lived here for three

years by the
time we met

Next, let’s move to the past perfect progressive tense.

Usage Example

Describe actions in progress She was very tired. She had been
throughout a period. typing all day.
6
Some verbs like learn, lie, live, wait, I’d been waiting for three hours
work, naturally suggest ‘continuity’ before he arrived.

He’d been phoning every night for a

Repeated actions month.
 Her eyes were red. It was clear she’d
Drawing conclusions been crying.

To form the past perfect progressive, use the auxiliary (helping) verb had + been +
verb-ing (present participle):

The past perfect progressive can tell us that an action was uncompleted then:
When I got home, I found that Jill had been painting her room.
8
The simple past perfect can tell us that an action was completed then:
When I got home, I found that Jill had painted her room.
Next, we move to the simple future. Let’s find out about the form of the simple future
first.

Affirmative: S + will/ shall + infinitive without "to"

9

I will go
 Negative: S + will not/ won’t + infinitive without "to"

They will not see

They won't See

Interrogative: Will/ Won't + S + infinitive without "to"

Will/ Won't she ask?

First, let’s talk about some uses of ‘will’ and ‘shall’.

1.’Will’ and ‘shall’ are ‘modal verbs’, they are like can, must, etc.
2.We often use ‘will’ and ‘shall’ to make predictions (the simple future tense):
It will rain tomorrow. I don’t know if I shall see you next week.
3.We use ‘will’ and ‘shall’ in many other ways, apart from predicting the future:
10 -intentions/ promises: I’ll never let you go.
- request/invitations: Will you close the door?
- offers: I’ll wash the dishes.
- suggestions: Shall we go for a swim tomorrow?
-threats: Just wait! You’ll regret this!
-decisions: I’ll stop and ask the way.
1.When we are referring to the future, we use ‘will’ with all persons (I, you, he, etc.)
but in British English, we often use ‘shall’ with I/ we. (Not*he/she/it/you/they shall*)
11
e.g.: I/ We will (I’ll/We'll) get married in December. Or I shall/ We shall get married
in December.
 2. In speech, we weaken ‘shall’ to /ʃəl/.
We often use ‘ll in place of ‘will’ in speech and sometimes in writing, especially after
vowels.
e.g: I’ll meet her at the mall
12 We also use ‘ll after consonants:
● e.g: Henry’ll go to the library tomorrow
3. Negative short form are: I’ll not, won’t (= will not) or shan’t (=shall not)
e.g: I will not be late/ I won’t be late/ I shan’t be late.
She will not get the job /She won't get the job.
Use of the ‘will/shall’ future:
1. Prediction: We describe prediction, or we say what we think will happen:
e.g I think our team will win the baseball game.
She is pretty sure that her cat will hate her new puppy.
2. In formal style we say what will happen for events that have been arranged:
13 e.g The wedding will take place at St Andrew’s on June 27th.
The meeting will begin at 10.00 am. Coffee will be available from 9.30
onwards.
3. We use ‘shall’ and ‘will’ to express hopes and expectations:
e.g I hope she’ll get the job she’s applied for. She’ll get a surprise – I expect she
will.
That is the end of section 4.2, part 2.1. Thank you for your attention and see you in
14
the next part.
 BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)
Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.1: Verb tenses

Phần 2.2

Hello everyone. Welcome back! Now we continue with section 4.1, part 2.2.
1
Alright, now we move to the future progressive.

Let’s talk about the use of the future progressive first.

Usage Example

To emphasize actions that will be in

progress in the near or distant future,
especially when we imagine ourselves By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying
doing something. on the beach. (Not ‘I will lie’)
2
When will you finish these letters?
(e.g., boss to assistant)
The progressive ‘soften’ the effect of When will you be seeing Mr. White?
will + verb and sounds more polite. (e.g., assistant to boss)

We’ll be spending the winter in

We use the future progressive like Australia is the same as:
the present progressive for planned We’re spending the winter in
actions. Australia.

3 How about the form of the future progressive?

 I will be
staying at the
Present
Will hotel in Nha
Affirmative S participle(-
+ be Trang at 1
ing)
p.m
tomorrow.

The
children won’t
be
will Present
playing with
Negative S not/ participle (-
their friends
won’t ing)
when you
+ be
come this
weekend.

Will you be
Be + waiting for the
Will/ Present train at 9 a.m
Interrogative S
Won’t participle (- next Monday?
ing)

Ok, next, I would like to introduce to you the future perfect.

1) When do you use the future perfect tense?

4
a) The Future Perfect tense expresses an action in the future before another action
in the future:
 For example: The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station
at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.

b) The Future Perfect tense expresses an action in the future that will be completed
before a certain time in the future:

For example: I will have completed my military service next year.

How about the future perfect form? Let’s look at the table:

I will have finished my

S + will + have +
Affirmative assignment by the end
V(P-II) (Past Participle)
of this week.

5
My mother will not have
S + will not/ won’t + have
Negative come home by 9 p.m. this
+ V (P-II) (Past Participle)
evening.

Will we have
Will/ Won’t + S + have +
Interrogative played some small games
V (P-II) (Past Participle)?
by then.
 ● We often use the future perfect progressive with verbs like learn, lie, live,
rain, sit, wait and work which naturally suggest continuity to say that what
6 is in progress now will be in progress in the future.

● By this time next week, I will have been working on this book for a year.

The next part of the lesson is about 'going to' and other ways of expressing the
future

There are three basic uses of the 'going to'-future:

● Predictions: We often use ‘going to’ to predict the future, especially when
we can see something that is about to happen:

Ex: Look out! She's going to faint. (Not ‘will’)

7
Or we can describe something which we know will take place in the future:

Ex: Angus and Margaret are going to be married in May.

● Intentions: We often use going to rather than will in informal style:

Ex: I'm going to practice the piano for two hours this evening.

I'm going to be successful one day.

Let’s move to 'going to' and other ways of expressing the future.

● Planned actions: We use ‘going to’ like the present progressive or future
progressive:
8
Ex: We're going to spend the winter in Australia. Or: We're spending the winter in
Australia.

Or: We'll be spending the winter in Australia.

 * We use ‘will’ when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking

Ex: We're lost. I’ll stop and ask the way.

(= I've just decided to do this.)

Next, let’s move to 'am/is/are to', 'be about to', 'be due to’.

We use ‘to be to’ for:

● formal arrangements/ duties:

Ex. OPEC representatives are to meet in Geneva in May.

● formal appointments/ instructions:

Ex. Three tablets are to be taken twice a day.

9
● prohibitions:

Ex. You're not to tell him anything about our plans.

● ‘to be about to’ refers to the immediate future:

Ex: Look! The race is just about to start.

We often use ‘to be due to’ to refer to timetables:

Ex: The plane is due to land at 2.15.

● Sometimes we want to refer to events which were 'destined' or planned to

take place in the past ('the future-in-the-past'). We use was going to, was
about to, was to and was due to. We use these forms for:
10
● Events we couldn't foresee:

Ex. They didn't know they were to be reunited ten years later.
 ● Events which were interrupted:

Ex. We were just going to leave, when Jean had an accident.

● We also use ‘would’ for ‘destiny’ in story-telling:

Ex: They had already reached 9,000 feet. Soon they would reach the top.

And now, we continue with the last part of the lesson today: The imperative

First, let’s discover some use of imperative to express different functions:

1. We don’t use imperative just for “giving orders”. We can use it e.g. for:

● offering: Have another sandwich.

● prohibiting: do not walk the grass.

11 ● directing: take the next turning left.

● warning: Look out! A bus is coming!

An imperative can be made more polite or more urgent with “Do”. Compare:

● ordinary imperative: help yourself!

● polite imperative: Do help yourself!

● negative imperative: Don’t help yourself!

We can use the imperative to address particular people:

When we say e.g., “Wait here!” we might be addressing one person or several. What
12
we are saying: “You(singular or plural) wait here!”

If we want to speak to someone in particular, we can:

 ● add you (unstressed) for instruction, e.g. “You wait here for a moment.”

● add you (stressed) to express annoyance, e.g. “You keep quiet.”

● use you with (or without) a name: “You wait here, Henry.” or “Henry, you
wait here.”

● add yourself to a verb like help, enjoy or behave. E.g., “Help yourself!”

If we are to talking to group of people, we can use the imperative with:

● everybody, e.g. “Everybody keep quiet.” or “Keep quiet everybody.”

13 ● somebody/nobody, e.g., “Somebody answers the phone!”, “Nobody

answers the phone!”

● Don’t …. anybody, e.g. “Don’t say a word anybody.” or “Don’t anybody

say a word.”

We can make a request by adding a ‘tag’ like will you? to an imperative:

● add will you? /won’t you? /can’t you? to express annoyance: “Stop shouting,
will you?”

14 ● add would you? /could/can you? '' for neutral requests: “Post this for me,
would you?”

● add will you? /won’t you? for friendly offers: “Take a seat, will you?”

We show our feelings not just by adding a tag, but through stress or intonation.

When we have two imperatives together, we join them with ‘and’ (not ‘to’). For

15 example:

Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. (not Go to buy)

 ● Only exception is try. We can say: Try and help or Try to help.

That is the end of the lesson today. In this lesson, you learn the use and form of
simple past perfect and past perfect progressive tenses, the simple future tense, the
16 simple future, the future progressive, the future perfect, ‘going to’ and other ways
of expressing the future and the imperative. Thank you very much for your
attention.
 BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)

Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.2: Be, Have, Do

Phần 1

Slide Nội dung

Hello everyone. Welcome back! Today we move to section 2 of unit 4. We learn

1
about ‘Be, Have, Do’.

After this lesson, you can identify the use of be, have, do and apply them in
2
various contexts.
First, let’s learn about “be” as a full verb.
Be is a ‘helping’ (or auxiliary) verb when it ‘helps’ other verbs, for example to
form the present or past progressive.
3
He is reading. He was sleeping.
Be is a full verb when we use it with nouns or adjectives.
She's a teacher. She’s tall.
We use be with nouns to mean ‘act like’ or to mean ‘become’ or ‘pretend to be’.
Be a dear and answer the phone!
Be a better cook!
4
Be a monster, granddad!
Don’t be is more common:
Don’t be silly!
We use be only with adjectives that describe ‘passing behavior’.
Be + careful, patient, quiet, etc.
5
Don’t be + careless, impatient, silly, etc.
But not with adjectives which describe ‘states’, like hungry, thirsty, pretty, etc.
 And now we move to the use of ‘aren’t’.
The full form AM I NOT is rare. We use Aren’t I…? (Not * Amn’t I*) in:
- negative questions: Am I not late? → Aren’t I late?
- negative wh-questions: Why am I not invited? + Why aren't I invited?
6
- negative question tag: I'm late, am I not? + I'm late, aren't I?
*We use aren't I only in negative questions and negative question tags, never in
negative.
statements: I am not late. + I'm not late. (Not *I aren't late'.)
Let’s move to 'Be' in the simple present and simple past.
In the simple present & simple past we use be as a full verb with nouns & adj. Be
careful of instances when English makes use of be where other languages
7
sometimes don’t.
I am hungry. (Not “I have hungry.”)
It’s cold. (Not “It makes cold.”)
How about ‘be’ in the progressive forms.
We use the progressive forms (he is being/he was being) with adj that describe
8 ‘passing behavior’ like naughty & silly, not states, like ‘hurry’ and ‘thirsty’. We
often imply that this behavior is deliberate: He is being naughty. We can use the
progressive of be with a few nouns as well: He’s being a (silly) fool.
How about ‘be’ in the present and past perfect?
The rules for the present and past perfect apply to ‘have been’ and ‘had been’:
The actions or states begin in the past and continue into the present (have been) or
they refer to an earlier past (had been). We use was/ were when we have a time
9
reference:
- behavior/states/moods: She's been very quiet. I said she had been very quiet.
- the weather: It's been very cold lately. I said it had been very cold lately.
- professions, behavior: Have you ever been a teacher? She has been a real angel.
 Compare: The baby was very quiet while you were out. (the past + exact time
reference).
Now, let’s move to the use of 'Have been' and 'have gone'.
1. Have been and has been have the sense of 'visit a place and come back’:
Where have you been? - I've been home. (= and now I'm back.)
10 2. Have gone and has gone have the sense of 'be at a place or on the way to a
place’:
Where's John?- He's gone home. (= he's either there now or on his
way there.)
3. Have been and have gone combine with to + noun:
Eg: I've been to a party. (= and I'm back.) John's gone to a party. (= he's there on
his way.)
Have been combines with at and in.
11
Eg: I've been at a meeting. I've been in Paris.
4. Have been and have gone combine with adverbs like out and away:
Eg: I've been out/away. (= and I'm back.) John's gone out/away. (= he's not here.)
and with home. (Not *gone/been to home*and not 'to the*to mean 'my own home'.).
'Have been' with 'since' and 'for'
We often use “how long…?” with have been in questions and we use since/for in
answers:
1. How long have you been a nurse? - I’ve been a nurse for nearly a year.
12 - I've been a nurse since January.
2. Have been can have the following meanings
- have lived/have been living: I've been in this flat for five years.
- have worked/have been working: Jane's been in the civil service since she was 23.
- have waited/have been waiting: We’ve been outside the bank since 9.15.
13 Now, we continue with the use of ‘There’ + ‘be’ as a ‘natural choice’.
 We use there is + noun, etc. (Not *it has* or *it is*) when we are talking about or
asking about the existence of people, things, etc. It is more ‘natural’ to say:
There’s a policeman at the door. than to say: A policeman is at the door.
We use there is, there was, there will be, there has been/ had been when we want
to:
• Announce or report events: There’ll be a meeting tomorrow. There’s been
an accident.
• Set a scene for story-telling: There had been no rains for months.
‘There is’, etc. compared with ‘it is’, etc.
First, we show existence with There is, then we use personal pronouns (he, she, it
or they) to give more details:
Ex: There was a concert in our village last night. (‘existence’)
It (= The concert) was in the village hall. (‘more details’)
14
Note how this happens in the following sentence:
There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.
There’s a man at the door. It’s the postman.
There’s a man at the door. He wants to speak to you.
There are some children at the door. They want to see Jimmy.
Now, I would like to introduce the combinations with ‘there’ + ‘be’.
1. There is, there are, there was and there were are the most common combinations:
There’s a phone call for you. There was a phone call for you this morning.
2. We also use there with different tenses, for example:
15 - Perfect tenses: There has (there’s) been an accident.
He said there had (there’d) been an accident.
- Future tenses: There will (there’ll) be a letter for me tomorrow.
3. There also combines with seem to be and appear to be:
There seems to be a mistake in our bill. There appears to be no one in.
Thank you. That is the end of the first part of the lesson today. Thank you and see
you in the next part of the lesson.
 BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)

Môn học: Grammar

Chương 4: Verb tenses & Be, Have, Do

Chủ đề 4.2: Be, Have, Do

Phần 1.2

1 We continue the lesson with verbs related in meaning to “Be”.

First, let’s discover certainty and uncertainty with “be” and “seem”.

• These verbs have nearly the same meaning as “be”: appear, feel, look,
seem, smell, sound, taste, chance/ happen/ prove to be.

• When we are certain about something, we use Be or an ordinary verb: “He

2 is ill. He knows the answer.”

• When we uncertain about something, we can use ‘modal verbs’:

“He may/might/could be ill.

He may/might/could know the answer.”. Or we can use verbs related to “be”.

We can leave out ‘to be’ after ‘appear’ and ‘seem’ in the simple present and
simple past.
3
We include ‘to be’ before adjectives like ‘afraid’, ‘asleep’ and ‘awake’.

We cannot use to be after ‘feel, look, smell, sound or taste’.

Now, let’s move to ‘process verbs’ related to ‘be’ and ‘become’.

- Process verbs describe a change in state. Typical process verbs are

4
become, come, fall, go, get, grow, run, turn, wear.

Ex: When I asked him about it, he grew angry.

 Leaves go brown in autumn.

Suddenly everything went black and I lost consciousness.

- The most common process verbs are get, become and grow.

Ex: I’m getting tired.

You’re becoming lazy.

It’s growing dark.

We often use other verbs in fixed phrases: Come true, fall ill, go bad, run dry,
turn sour. Ex: I’ll make all your dreams come true.

- We often use get + adjectives: get annoyed, get bored, get depressed,
get ill, get wet…

Ex: The students wouldn’t stop working and I was beginning to get annoyed with
5 them.

- Nouns aren’t so common after process verbs, but note ‘become’ and
‘make’.

Ex: The ugly frog becomes a handsome prince.

Sarah will make a good nurse one day.

We continue with the use of “have” as a full verb meaning “possess” and “have
got” means “possess”.
6
“Have got” = “own” and “have got” = “obtain”

• In British English, ‘have’ or ‘have got’ means 'possess'.

 • In British English, we also use ‘have (just) got’ (‘have gotten’ with
American English) as the normal form of present perfect form of the verb
get to mean ‘have obtained’ or ‘have received’.

1. We often use have got in place of have in present:

Eg: I’ve got a good job. Have you got a good job? I haven’t got a good job.

2. Do you have? and I don’t have are also common especially in AE:

Eg: Do you have a good job? I don’t have a good job.

7 3. We use the correct form of have, not have not, in other tenses to mean
“possess”:

Eg: By June, I will have had this car for three years.

4. In other tenses, “have got” means “obtained”

Eg: When I saw him, he had just got a new car.

We can use ‘have’ and ‘have got’ to say we own or possess something. But note
how we extend this idea of “possession”.
8
I have/ have got a good dentist.

I have/have got an apartment.

Alright, and now we continue with “have” means eat or enjoy, compared with
“have” means possess).

9 1. Have can mean “eat, enjoy, experience, drink, take, etc”. We use “have” like
any other verb, in all tenses, including the progressive like:

have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper

 have a meal

have tea/ coffee/ a drink

have a bath/ a wash/ a shower

have a dream
have a good time

have a look
have a baby

Example:

- I’m having a drink. (= I’m drinking something at the moment).

By comparison, “have” meaning “possess” does not have progressive forms:

10
Example: - The man has a car. The man has got a car.

- I have a drink. I have got a drink.

- I have a car. I have got a car. (Not “I’m having a car”).

2. In the simple present and simple past of “have” (=eat, etc.), we use “do,
does, did” to form questions and negatives:

Example: Did you have a good holiday?

11 I don’t have a clue.

3. Note how “have” can be both an auxiliary and a full verb in:

Example: I have had my lunch. (= I have eaten.)

He said he had had his lunch (= He said he had eaten.)

 Next, let’s move to common “have” and noun combinations.

1. Have combines with many nouns:

Example:

- Let’s have lunch !

12
- Let's have a drink !

- I’ve had a good trip. etc.

We can use it in the imperative: - Have a sandwich!

- Have a good time !

In place of common verbs like to sleep, to swim, we often prefer to use have +
noun:
13
Instead of: I danced twice with Molly.

we can say: I had two dances with Molly.

Next, we move to forms and uses of 'do' as an auxiliary and as a full verb.

1. We use do as an auxiliary verb to form questions and negatives in the simple

present and simple past tenses:

Ex: Do you like Italian opera?

14
2. Do is also a full verb meaning 'perform an activity or task'. We use it like any
other verb in all tenses. This means do can be auxiliary verb and full verb at the
same time:

Ex: What did (auxiliary) you do (full verb) this morning?

 - I wrote a lot of letters.

3. We often use do to avoid repeating a previous verb:

The washing machine often stops suddenly.

Ex: I don't know why it does that.

15 4. Do can also mean 'be in the wrong place' in:

Ex: What are these clothes doing on the floor?

5. We often use do + -ing for ‘named tasks’:

Ex: I’ve just done the ironing.

We’re often confused by 'do' and 'make', aren’t we? So now, let’s distinguish
between ‘do’ and ‘make’.

Do often means 'be engaged in an activity'; make has the sense of 'create’:
16
Ex: What are you doing? - I'm making a cake. What are you making? - A cake.
Sometimes both make and do are possible:

Ex: I’ll make/ I'll do the beds this morning if you like.

. We often use do and make in 'fixed phrases'. Do and make go with nouns:

do + : (me) a favour, damage, good, no good, harm, the housework, a lesson,

17 justice, one's teeth (= clean).

make + : an accusation, an agreement, a demand, a loss, a mess, a mistake, a

promise, a proposal.
 That is the end of the lesson today and the end of Unit 4. In this lesson, we’ve
18 learnt how to use be, have, do in various contexts. Thank you very much for your
attention. Goodbye and see you in Unit 5.