Shri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's 9 SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING SEL adrav (Ichalkaranji) - 416 121. Tal - Shi, Dist Kolhapur (M.S.) Inca + Anproved by AICTE New Doli + Recognized by Government of Maharashtra + Affilted to Shivaji Universi, Klhepur *» Lecture No.: ‘* Theory Content is to be taught : 5 Synchonous Generctime 6. * Specific Objectives : 1 To Knew ‘the diterent types of Synchrreus Sen, 2, Te. kenaco the Gon Stuckian. oF dittrrent Parts 3. _0f __Sun- 9m. state, Ste oF sum 2. PSone te Ova he Same __findamental _ Principles oF elechen maonetsy __ duction as te also Gnsist Armehire Zinding jis one Whereas Ctemature rebates Stakonay , the _ cirrremeemest ust the. Werse, of it. Tn their case, Standard __Cmshaekon —_Onstste ok armature,a « =r coinding tmounded SN) & called sinter * Fed clement —_ Aled eater, Stakonary, ehtmaat findings en _% Whiting. Classi feakeon Jeneraters: Clashfeakor based on Speed. *) | Speed = medium — Speed hin Go - Seo RPM) = (600 -looo RPM) Speed - (500 - 3000 RPM) 2 classifi cake on Capacity A Seneated Voltage. 4) Small Capacity alt Z5oV, &2ov, Moov B3kv, 6 ky, \ky _O 6 kY , Wiev, B3ky, DY Medium pacity Alt eh Nave @rpucity alt 3) Classifica based on Construction _ a) Revolving arinature ‘type - the WS put on the tee hich Red coinding "1 Put onthe cwmatare wdg tates while Stationery stator. b Revol ving fied type the armature 1S Sta Hore: while the Geld winding 5 on the Wier.Constrckon oF an alternator. Red \ placed op the Gere tre The fidd. day dc. Source __ Called Atiping s. The Place) In Stator is exciten. ciomature _ Ce’ Anduced Voltage Jn this Abwough 4 _pajr__o dings is a S34 wd q the dg is applied tothe feud che avtor has alternate, N44 Poles tived on Ht: Outer Wm, | These are Magnebic Poles Cxcited From a dt When the excited tee aotates Wits mammene Feld (ats the Stati onetry Stator Conducts , altage Shs inclueed _into__-the. whose Freaneney clepends Ks poles Toving — Pusha Second & the diveckon GVOrn by Fleming’ Mont aad we armahire ceinding on the Dumber, oF N Gnduchy “mn one of tnduced em€ ts hand rule.Wpes of Rotor Wo Salient Pole type azote _( Prbectirg ’) 2) Non Salient | (linda) ctype soto) Adwatases of _ StuBonary ormature,_ The Fed —_cvirding oof tin _alltermater_ 13 placed On the wher 4s Connected te re Supply theo ash too Slip tings The 3h tv mature ending is _placed on the shihe “This Arransemect has the lowing advantages - »s TE OB casey f Inailate stationary 049 Fer Kish Voltases, Fer eich the. atternertess are usually destoned « Te % ‘because they Are pet subjected fo Certieuaal Trees also entre Space. is arailae clue te the Stationary ciyreingement oF the onmature- Whe ttaienay SF Serrerhare: can be dlivecHy connected to lead corthout = seing though lane . Unreliable Sip wives «A brushes. i) only e900 slip ngs Arc rewired Foe. cc. Supply te the Feld ending on The. wher. smee ‘the exciting Crest _ is Sma) the Aig nes k_sbrusheg Sear weauTred ares of Wen On stuctesPue te simple 4 robust: Construenon —_15____ Possible This increases ‘the output Obeinable Frm a__maching OF _9iVenShri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's 9, SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Yadrav (Ichalkaranji) - 416 121. Tal. - Shirol, Dist. Kolhapur (M.S.) India “+ Approved by AICTE New Delhi + Recognized by Government of Maharashtra + Affliated to Shivaji Univer * Lecture No: 22 3 Theory Content Is to be taught : 1._Roter_Construeern of Synchronous _9ene rater. _ Types of wtes: ‘Wy _allernater. + Specific Objectives : _Te_kknao the _clifferent- tures of antes in aller Te Know how to Consinith ‘the avtear. advantages 4 geptiaiken of dite Retox Baas Ate = Cs T ante, a afield _@inding _tolnty « Surppiiied Aret Cument Through mAnas <7 & Separate, ake. Source « wT de. Source called —-exciter 15 _Stnerally _& __ Smatl__ ke: _ Shunt or Compound) 9enecater mounted’ on the Shaft of the Atennetos +Thee are feo tfes OF ety based on its CON Struchon + Salient pole type | priecting type <— Sdlient Pole ae ON ie ie Z <~ Projecting Poles Zip DNgs Dc Supply Fg Shoos the aliewt pole. Wt “End Anis type, Slient oF Pecting prles are. mounted en a _laree crular steal Frame eohich “in fixed do the shaft 0 the Aer nerter aS Shown \n_ fig. the individual fed Pole was are Connected th Seves in such away thet when “the, Feld _ewirdirg 15 eneesised hy the abe: \xcitor adjacent __ poles have _ opposite Pladkes: — : As ‘the, poles ave. __prriecting the air Sap j4 non Uniform. The poles are ———Made___up of thick Steel laminations a they Ae, belted out do the ature as Shown, in Aig.Fer sch co Constr ih 15 Possible py haye \arge, Number OF Poles 22 eke) as tne: Sander kes sada &__Smay__axial__lenstng- The mechanical Sthromahn. of Salient Pole svtow ts less. henee | Ik fo prefemed fir low _ Theory Content is to be taught : 1.___Parmciple OF Opreation 2 Prequenny Of induced me. 3. 4 Specific Objectives = To__Krow he operukng prrciple | + Theory Content : Basic principle. _ . Ac S€neraters ox A\tematoss —_ opercite, Same, fipdarsental On Are, PAnei ples ofOPe rating prance, Th ama __ winding \o__ enerais.ed Born__the __dl On cite & N 4 poles cre] Ceyolweed on the te. When the oto \s aotated in Cini cloc kaise direction bY PAme moves, the Starter or cts mative. Cond Uctoss oe tat by the masneke Flor of ster Poles. consequenty , me 19 Induced. \n the demature, @odutters due, An Cleche magnetic. edheton, the. Ind ueed _eme \ Alter nating __Stnee, ONS Poles Of tte alternately Pass the. Cir mature. Gnductors-__ “The. dircchen oF induced — €mE_ aN be found bY Fleming’ 4 hand & Weaueny 1s ven by.Fig Theos Star — Connected mate _einding 4 ade Fed esind ing » When the aot is aeteted 4 _2$ Velise IS induced Wy the _ Wong tre airding, The ramibicle OF inclucod eme clepercs upon the Seed OF eH Ken A__the che eaciting — Cermrenits The Meoritude. cf eme oF the crrmahnre winding Ie the Same. Nwdever . they differ phase by 0” elechical AS Shown iy Phaser ofag rar Freauency The Freauency of eluced —-€me th the arneiture, Conductors chepends — Upen speed A_the Dumber of foles. Ne tote speed in TPm = Dumber OF Totes Poa = Peaueny oF tmeé in Ne A Shite Conduttey Prbh is Swept by tre N44 Poles ofthe zor. iF a teikve Veltse 15 ‘induced When &__n pole Sweeps _acwess the Conducts , a imilar nesahve Yelinge 15 ‘induced when a So prle Sweeps by + This wreans rat one. complete. Cycle oF eme 15 Serevated In che conduct as ch Pair of Piles Passes it fe one N- pole A the adiiacont Following So pole. No of cyctes | revelukern = No ef Pairs of Poles No 0€ ACVolukens | Setond = N “60 No 0 cucres | Stond = (KIC) = NP T 126 But Number of Cycles OF emt per Setond is ts Reaueney. _ Th my be meted teh ON fs the Sunchwneus Sfeedl. fer % SiVern _aHermater, the number of rte, poles % fired 4, therefre | the Altemator must be AM ett Syunclyre nous Apeed to Sive an ouput oF he sired Frequeny fer this reason, 4s es AledShri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Yadrav (Ichalkaranji) - 416 121. Tal. - Shirol, Dist.- Kolhapur (M.S.) India t + Approved by AICTE New Delhi # Recognized by Goverment of Maharashtra + Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur * Theory Content Is to be taught 1. leakase weactamee 2. Amature._ReacKon % Specific Objecti 1. To. Knows the Parameters OF yrmature 2,.___swinding Te. . Te Kho te. armatune __atacnery 4 ith € ttect- 4. 6. “> Theory Content : Parameters 0 F firma tue. There, Ore. S_"Iimorturrt _perrcim eters amahye, @inding of cin attewnatey »th Armatene. Resistance Ra - The _e¢techve, _7ESistunce OF an etrmature emding Per phase 15 enoted as Rapn 21PH oo Ra~Alph armdure winding has ity Own Brsistance. The_ Armmatue 2sistane, Gn be Known hy apping te dic: Voltage Aa measumny Me AC Cement Flowing dhugh ot The Sa tio oe Applied cle vitae to the measured che Cument- win sven us Value s& etm Hoe, sesistance zy Armatne leakage — Reuctance Xt Tt. 15 _expectated That an the Flox Produced by the field winding Should Cross tre air 9qP aac arm te, conductors. Aut in practice is cloes not _eippen Apart of te Flax Completes its path Ayrudh Surmending TM, Parts, since fen path has tess reluctanee clue to ishey _Pormeubi ity. As tre Flue does not link vin re, crate Conducts » it Is Unliable te _olevelop Omg eme tn them This | Flax ts Calved as lecifeerge FugeThe, ‘inductance oF TB Olt sts cated «tg Jeavage. Thductance &_ Nits axactance, CXL) The. Na lve. o€ atuctyneg as leakese leakage, Atuctynce , \s AAC High ex fran the armature. wesistancee . The Neltage, rp across Mis leakage atactance 13 TFaXL, Curent is. leading the. Veltage. by 90° due to Pure, thdluctanee, -@Ftect, Synchronous Reactunce C%XsD 2 Sumchronous jm pedlanece _C 2s) Boty the. cnmatipe _ aracken _ Cttect A__ leakage, Flux Otte re, 2 Presented! by agineyry Cols ert tre, Cem sicloveds to be. in Seves etn the armature | Then dips ene FaXaq Ata hence. is possible to Combine These _recutmee WW Series the nee tte ts cated Synchronous atachance Xs ohms. The the Sireckens oF Fyn A Tp, Gre tre Same + of main Flown Ge & the crrmature Flee fa site Gm See, red the! oa Plone OpPcse ath Ctr on tre left hale of exch Pole @ they help __@ach etre en tre Wort al _©F Fach pole TNs mates __ fhe verse FI Sap remain emstant-, But the is flyx _9etg clistorted Je, cormeyture Bisterts the pole Flee failed — Armature _ weecken ~ __ Meltage evaluable oH — Sea AmountEtec of Zero Leading Power factor. Consider & Purely fomnected ty the 200 Capacinve load is Attemater athich hus Leading power Fete - This__indiicates that: the camature Curent Tap is leading the Trdluced | emé Eph This induced ome lags he main Flax by 90° The direction of 4. 4 Jn is the same. aan FOR ae cis Bay me” FF ZEN EZ ple 7 armature — lax — _ zd de Fa thoos the phaser diagram, awe Gene The _asma hire, Flax, ————main___ Aux Area ow coil help the 5___Causes The total Fluye __ to neveuse em _—_ load. Auth din eect o€ is Called OS Magnekising eet of the Armature Itackon: ____TTNs _@uses she _deminal_Voltnae ie narease than the. Joad ___-ereé ormatye reachen noFactor 1+ between R_ Ber leading PE Is partly cress demagneH sing Pc & Partly magnetising For leading PR loads-Shri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's > SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Yadrav (Ichalkaranjl) - 416 121. Tal. - Shirol, Dist.- Kolhapur (M.S.) India ‘+ Approved by AICTE New Delhi + Recognized by Government of Maharashira + Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur * Lecture No: 30 Theory Content Is to be taught : EM quation of Altemator - Eé€eet- 6€ _harmenic. on pith 4 Ashi bute + Specific Objectives : Know be €mé Cdudkon a € an —O\tenmet bee = _ “To Kno tre fects _arttechyg be Nailiye o¢ Ovteamatee: “+ Theory Content : Emé _ —Suutien 26 AtematanEme quation, of Altema tor let 2p = Num bea OF Conductors in Series es Pro. ___phas-2. =_2T_=[ene turn ox coll hus hoo eS Number OF poles _ g = Useful Flux per pole in Web N= Rotaukonal Apeed "SPM. Fs Peavey 'm Hz = NP TZo __Ke ow Kp = pith oe Coil spam factor = Cos Ale _ _ Ke = from factor s ee ~ assumed _ Aknu soi dal, Ne ater Ym (speed) Fn one atveluron of he, BOE jee in 6YN Seed Ise ath taker conduetry is Cat by a Flux of Op we bersNe (206 ? Substituting “Ps Value of ON aheve we get BPYerage -Cm€ per Conductor = Pp IF 6e—_p- ZED Volt. TE tyne wre Condlutins in Senses | pease _____‘ther Average -em€ phase = 2¢92 Yt = 4E¢T VineRMs_ Value of _eme /phase I x4EST. been Te Attaal value Induesd —_Valtage 16 all the Gils ina i ENE: Full pite had Concenheited i __ban none Slot _ But tis Tet being $0, the Actually Axailable. Vol teag, is acduced WW the ratio of ese ton factory —. Atually _oneilable Voltage / phase. = 444 Ke Kd COT = 4 kekeka CPT Welt pe _altematr Star Connected _ Voltage, \s JS times the phase,Me A __degaces Celechi ca) fer__‘the —— Flax __cwoave them. its Value Fer _ Att net heormmnies Ave. Fer 379 harmee = 39% + Fx SI harmonte = SA _ = 9 6B On: Pith Fach KeS COSAlp — fee Fandammifl = (es 3/2 ~ Fer 37d armani = Cos SA/2 - Ge 5 hawmenfc Cte bS _ siveylarly the _clishibubien _-Rictene __ als _ ditto harmenics its “Value. becomes ___ an! BA TS PIT ryan Pe whee 1 is the order °€ the —_herrnanic.‘Shri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's ep SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Yadrav (Ichalkaranji) - 416 121. Tal. - Shirol, Dist- Kolhapur (M.S.) India “+ Approved by AIGTE New Delhi + Recognized by Government of Maharashtra + ATfilated to Shivali University, Kolhapur “ Lecture No.: 3) * + Theory Content is to be taught : 1.__Caltulakon of Voltage _-segulation. —__ a 2._Metnods tein __ the. _Yoltuge >t 9Wlat er, _____ Bs = sca tai at 4. z “ 7 pees 5. . 5 = « Specific Objectives : + Theory Content : Determinahen oF voltage Regulation - n eF Smal! Muchnes , the | — Reulanon my be und, by direct leading . The Procedure 5_ as fotluos- a = Th is Clee that ety, King tn load _thag is 4 Chanse th terminal Velteuge of an altematp The magnitude ef this __ Change _olependss « et only on tre _Jeacl_ but also on the loud powerThe Yiltave renlltthen 2 On aAllemaber a cleQmed as “he ise. _Vittetge hon Ru loud ts remavad —_clivide! by ‘the, rated Vai Fuge. dermis! sith Reoalaken ‘up! = Go= V 7 RTO Rewlaren male Ae pends on the Power _ fctex cf he load» _Nowmatly Fer lagging 4. tinity _powrey Facts the, _*/_Resularien is 1 N@. eee fix leding power facter __ loads __“the acylation \a__neaa hve Me __2clawen snip __ be bween ® load Ctrment- a _tewmmal voltage 15 alled load Chars OF an al otuigy, \eadtrg 6 nit PA. Tassing pt 5 Ju metnecls to finch Xequlatsen . S Sunehroncus imeeccance or eme metned. 2) The _Ampere- tury or _mmeé _metned. > Stro Power Fictr_ or Potier method.A\l_ these methods reaufre — D Arahire _arsistimee Re 2b Open circuit (Ne load charactewishc, 3) Short — Cfreuit char db Value of Ra Armature xsistunce Ra Per Phase Gin be measured —_ctivechly by Voltmeter 4 Ammetes” meted ey by Using Wheatstne _biidoe. Chara easy - Tn _an_ che. machines ~ his 5 pbticd hy Bunning tre _Machne dn onload 3 by noting ‘the Values __of induced Voltrxe & Bed exditaken Groen: Fh ty just like tre Bre 20% > Bre Chereactenisyres ~ Fk is optamed by Shart- CReaihng Te Omnafure —_ &Indithg — threugh loon xesiStance ammeter: The Xcite 1s 0 __adlitusted as to give \\S4t0 2 tHmes the Yalue cf Fall load Cument Purng this test the Speed __evich _15_not Nece ssarjly Sunchomoug . is Kept Emstermt—Synchronous "impedance. _ynetrod Allowing _Procedlum| _ steps ce involved ‘in ‘hts __metnad. SS) Ore c. 15 phtted rem te Siven date - ad stilarty Sec. & drawn Fem te data oiven hy the shert= cirurt test TE Is a sholart line Passing Troush the cain. But ‘these Curves are Prawn om &Commen __ field - Current _base, Crsider a Fed Canent Fe The Ore¢ Voltage Cowrespting tes field Cument_is. Fis Wen wodS 12 Short _chreuited » Pe _darmnal Voltage is Zero Hence, tk may be cissumed tetk the whle o¢ this Mitee FE. is being Used to Ctylate De Cnredare Short Gecatt ment Fy sats The Sychems, ‘impedance, Zs AF age |S ee ; vis aoe aa oe T (uve zi 2a =t Bo) T t 1c > : ' L re te Veosg >I an Foath2, -. Zs = Ey Copen circuit) Ty C Short Ctreuit) 3) since Ra can be found as discussed earlier» Xo2 VereShri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING iL Yadrav (Ichalkaranjl) - 416 121. Tal, - Shirol, Dist.- Kolhapur (M.S.) India + Approved by AICTE New Delhi + Recognized by Government of Maharashtra + Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur Lecture No.: 32 + Theory Content is to be taught : 1 Calulaben of Veltuge seolleioan 2. Mmetned s_ Specific Objectives : 1.To_ know tre __clefmaken of Voltage. Feoula ben 2. To Knao be fecter _or€teohry The _Yoltte-€ 3. __2toularen, - ae knw how Vo al + Theory Content : Ampere. - tum anictisadly this _m¢tneds _dilin _tistizes O10, 2 oO. dain hn tg the Converge of the EMR. meined ty fre Senge that orrmature leakage reartance. treated Or an addinoma) atymuture weaken, Fin ds it is Assumed ret the terminal Pls on fol 4 ue. crema hive geass,Neo Rew) AT _2eauired to ___ produce ag Nolinge, of Von Ailll- lead ig Pre Vetta 4uma OF re. A\ewing DY Bed AT rewired te produce Vv on no load - Thi Bu O-Ue ard Ged AT attutived to __pyerteme “tre. dewmag-_ €Heat of Orne bre. areenen a Full_lead, Baan Values found __ferrn Ahech _ Oreaite test ~The ed APE rtaive) to greduee, Gt hed Comet on Short. Crtuitt _ balance Me. crmabtre Wen a re "impe dance Arop- En Otreae cords the Ae meaner Creme Foe AT. aD AM locid are Coal — R opposite, to tre Ged AT recived ty produce) Full loce) Cament= on prt cTetult. p>» 0 4 oO By tg) A) New i¢ he. allemettor 2 instead Of being on rect Gita Ns Sp glyiing Cay ead Cuma at en +n tal fied AT mequived «A me Verter Sum 06]» Tre Red Dermal Voltang.o uy tre Berd armature Cae ery PEpresented by OB: SA & AB, ATs SA necessary te produce, AT _necesay te neakalve Pe AB, + The thi Fed AT OH R___-euunle Pe Vector _durm_ of. ZA he PA Zero Itading, he Amature atuttien fohelly re feld A mayne sing + Henee, In hat se atauped 15 02 Which ts _less han on ye Bed AT. = Abe Peauree! to _ produce, Furtrtoad Cement _eny Be TA PA ah, Pe rmatene Peehery Qoly - Hen Bad Vector um oF 1S. rvs - Magnensing > ie IB Ofek 15 istee imal At and 15 Obp he 6A 4 Abs ahich fy dium Ah Bat angles toon _Gorera) ase. ler Us Geld Az. oR Crsider be General Case ahon Re Pe. hs thy Value, ber? ero F__ Unity Comesprding to Vis leaid 2F hoszmbilly ~ Then AB _aepresenbrg Fil lead se. Geel AT. Aer A eas, ng 5 drawn at-on _ansle_(90tg) Cb. - De pts) Aad AT: ae Gor by 0B, 45 Ag. Ae ity PK AB B dlrawn ab Bekt___anslex _ a Shown ‘jn Ag:‘Ws not _knoum it 14 o6 be Bed Corwen Go Shws the. number of tums on Are. Bed (ois is Mek Known Te fs ___ Shows Pe Cmnprete Haaren, Alre gin _O°6 4 $c Chae.» pA atmesents Gerd fameat Fer norma) Valkge Vs O'S BEM ete nts Bed lumi tured Fare groduemg Pall load (Uremnt on Shert-__ Cortuit Neth Apz oc % olaawn ab em argle 6F (40+P) to of) _- “Tre total Bald turner 4 0p Ei “With dhe Corrertparding Orcs Yolrewe, Fo wth Rega Fon V 4 Th Shad be noted ‘that ‘this __metned Dives ests. fhich cre bess than Tre cee tua) we k 15 at -OPtimis Hie method xtooa Shri Shamrao Patil (Yadravkar) Educational & Charitable Trust's A> SIT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Yadrav (Ichalkaranji) - 416 121. Tal. - Shirol, Dist. Kolhapur (M.S.) India + Approved by AICTE New Deini + Recognized by Government of Maharashira + AMfliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur + Lecture No.: 23 + Theory Content Is to be taught : of Voltage Seoul ben y aren to find. ‘he Viltage_ 7eoutleaken ae * Specific Objectives : To...Kne© how te ind he Yeltege, _ Beulahing 2. by Using ew power Retec metred Steps__O€ poetic me€thad. wy fulll_ lead _ lattes Zem Powe factor Gove abo cated re (HOSS)The _Zevo _P'E- _lagsing Curve Cin _be Obteimed. 2 Fa Similar machine is available ohich Jr as Syn, wr ik 2 fo Sky doa ding he altemator oth pune Becton 4 a on t ii i Ammnetecs A _toathmedors _Grnectee) “Rar meagurtng tument _@ power A by so adiusir, ‘She Geld tommst Ms ¥ — eather __aradine, +e £ 3 z # — Poibt Bas obteined th Tris _ manner “hen eattmetes was 2eading Zero Pest + Print Ais dbtained Ron a So test cette Fa\ bead —_ qamestpe. Unects Hone OA reper Bed Guwrert_artathy5 eal 2 Sppesite te re Hemagnedising Cirmadire, ntetsen QF balancing _leaeago atacteimeg Clee at Fal\_bad + Krouning rece top Pints. Full lead Zexo_ PF. curve, AB can be clraqun 45 Under Fem 8, BH 1s claus Ctual tp and Punaiel fo of - Fn NWO 1s deaun Paneth ta be Oe. Sich 4 teingenka| —_N-L Gave, Hence, We et Pst Day be Jou Curve Comespordtss tp pint Bon fi bead Zero BHO is ken as Qmakne Cument 4 hence go GIVE US offre points like PO, 1 ete. DE __peeperdiculax to Bt - The _\enofn DE dereseats tre. oep tn Voltage due to armature leakage ruttarve X, TC tx. @& dives Reid Cement iA We } Vectrically the Vil bagee dlp due tp romaine __l@ntenge _acactmee __alme. hen we Set Village EDF - Obviously _&e' Scciters Corse: The 4 NA® GRE) represents _‘The Geto __Corworst- heeded to OVE Come__ armature tauren Fear Ey ahsso Value Con be etoc) Bim Nok CaveWh fg. FE_CENAD 5 chew at an angle of (act+g) Fa lagaing P*F > The Viltase Gmespendting tp tris exdituBen ss. o Rea = Procedural Steps Fr __ PoKer metned Suppose we ene Siven V- be termmal velbwe Per Phase we awn be Siven or else We Gm Caltulate Cremature learase reaeteunce 1 4 hence lan caltatate. 2 Adding F¥L_Yeetoraitty > VL We get Voltwe E. 4) we wit nest find fem NL (awe, fed exch Rr Vitae EF. letit be ig, => Furmer. fied Cormmnt i, necessany For balancing Armature, acackon 1S found rm Per tRargle 6. = Gamble: Vey ® Ihe Yertoeany to oet ig Rem NL Curve ¢ He EME Corresponding s_Thts SIVes Us Eo: Hence | reuuleiKon