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Magnetostatics - Study Notes

Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields with constant current sources. It describes Biot-Savart's law and how to calculate magnetic fields from different current distributions like line currents, surface currents, and volume currents. It also discusses magnetic flux density, Gauss's law of magnetism, magnetic forces and torques, and Maxwell's equations for static fields.

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52 views

Magnetostatics - Study Notes

Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields with constant current sources. It describes Biot-Savart's law and how to calculate magnetic fields from different current distributions like line currents, surface currents, and volume currents. It also discusses magnetic flux density, Gauss's law of magnetism, magnetic forces and torques, and Maxwell's equations for static fields.

Uploaded by

ch mounika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Magnetostatics

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
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Magnetostatics
It is the study of magnetic fields in systems with constant current sources.

Biot - Savart’s law


 It states that “the magnetic field intensity dH produced at a point P due to
differential current element ‘Idl’ is-

 Proportional to product of current I & differential length ‘dl’

 The sine of the angle between the element and the line joining point P to the
element.

 Inversely proportional to the square of the distance R between point P & the
element.

Magnetic field intensity for current sources-

 For line current-

 For Surface current-

 For volume current-

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 2


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Due to Infinite line current

Where,

Here,

= unit vector along line current

= unit vector along the perpendicular line from the line current to point.

Due to Finite line current

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 3


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Due to circular ring

Due to circular Arc

Ampere’s circuital law


It states that the line integral of around a closed path is exactly the same as the
current Ienc enclosed by the path.

Integral form

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 4


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Differential form

Due to Infinite current sheet

Where,

= current density (A/m)

= unit normal vector directed from current sheet to point

Due to co-axial transmission line

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 5


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Magnetic flux density


It is the number of magnetic field line per unit area.

Flux through a closed surface is zero.

This can also be represented as-

This is Differential form of Gauss’s law of magnetostatics.

Also states that No magnetic monopole exists.

Relation between B & H

μ = Permeability of the medium

Force

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 6


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 Moving charge experience a magnetic as well as electrostatics force.

 Stationary charge experience an electrostatics force.

 Force due to Electrostatic force

 Force due to Magnetostatic force

 Lorentz force

 Force on a current element

 Force between two current element

 Force per unit length between two curry carrying conductors

 Attractive force

 Repulsive force

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 7


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Magnetic scalar & vector potential


H = -∇ Vm

Vm = magnetic scalar potential

Where,

= magnetic flux density

= magnetic vector potential

Magnetic torque

Where,

M = magnetic dipole moment = IA

 Net force is zero on current carrying loop kept in a uniform magnetic field.

Magnetic moment

: unit vector normal to the area

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 8


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Magnetic Boundary conditions


 Normal component of is continuous at the boundary

(continuous)

(Discontinuous)

 Tangential component of is continuous at the boundary for zero surface cur-


rent density

If

Here,

= Unit vector normal to the boundary interface & is directed from medium 1 to
medium 2.

 Relation between θ1 & θ2 (current free boundary)

Energy Density

This is energy stored in magnetic field per unit volume.

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 9


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Self Inductance
Henry

Solenoid

Toroidal
r1 : inner radius

r2 : outer radius

R = mean radius =

Maxwell’s Equations

For static field

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 10


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Differential form Integral form

For Time varying field


Differential form Integral form

Here,

Jc = Conduction current density

= Displacement current density

Points to Remember
 When a filamentary loop carrying current I is bent to assume the shape of a regular
polygon of ‘n’ sides then H at the center of polygon is given by

Here, r = radius of circle circumscribed by polygon.

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 11


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Points to Remember
 For a field to be qualified as an EM field, it must satisfy all four Maxwell’s
equations.

 = loss tangent.

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY | Magnetostatics PAGE 12

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