12

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1
“Plant and Animal Organ Systems
and their Functions”
(Reproduction and Development)
Writer: Loraine L. Serquiña and Ilonah Jean M. Macato
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you identify the
distinctive characteristics of a specific taxon about the other taxa. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. describe processes in the life cycle of animals and explain the process of human development
(STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)
b. to compare different types of plant life cycles and explain processes in flowering plant reproduction
and development (STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Involves the formation of sex cells, zygote formation, subsequent stages in one’s life span.
Development is terminated by death.
A. Development B. Gastrulation C. Fertilization D. Growth
2. Stage of development that results in a unicellular diploid zygote.
A. Development B. Gastrulation C. Fertilization D. Growth
3. A human blastula made up of a solid ball of cells.
A. Embryo B. Blastocyst C. Morula D. Zygote
4. Process where the blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium; this signals the start of pregnancy.
A. Fertilization B. Development C. Gestation D. Implantation
5. Part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus; corresponds to the latter part of the follicular phase of the
ovaries (days 8-14) when the endometrium heals and begins to thicken because of estrogen secretion.
A. Follicular Phase B. Luteal phase C. Menstrual phase D. Proliferative phase
6. Process that blocks any one of the following stages of reproduction in humans: (1) release and
transport of gametes; (2) fertilization; (3) implantation; (4) actual completion of development of the
embryo/fetus
A. Contraception B. Gestation C. Ovulation D. Implantation
7. Which of following is the first stage in reproduction.
A. Fertilization B. Implantation C. Release and transport of gametes D. Development of embryo
8. Type of contraception that prevents fertilization
A. Barrier method B. Oral contraceptive C. Abstinence D. all of the above
9. Which of the following is not a stage of uterine cycle?
A. Menstrual cycle B. Proliferative cycle C. Secretory cycle D. Luteal phase
10. What are the 2 stages of ovarian cycle.
A. Follicular and luteal phase C. Luteal and secretory phase
B. Menstrual and follicular phase D. Proliferative and secretory phase
11. It is defined as a biological process in w/c an organism gives rise to young ones (offspring) like itself.
A. Breeding B. Fertilization C. Reproduction D. Vegetative
12. In plant, the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) from different individuals of the same
species is called __________________.
A. Asexual reproduction B. Cross-pollination C. Self -fertilization D. Sexual reproduction
13. The male reproductive part of the flower is ________________.
A. Petal B. Pistil C. Sepal D. Stamen
14. The female reproductive part of the flower is ____________________.
A. Petal B. Pistil C. Sepal D. Stamen
15. The following are parts of the pistil except___________________.
A. Anther B. Ovary C. Stigma D. Style
16. Seeds are matured ______________________.
A. Ovary B. Ovules C. Stigma D. Style
17. Seeds are capable of germinating if given the following __________________.
A. Water and soil B. Water and heat C. Temperature and pH D. Temperature and soil
18. Pollen grains are produced in the ________________.
A. Anther B. Filament C. Ovary D. Stigma
19. Stage of the life cycle of a plant that is haploid; stage that produces gametes via mitosis.
A. Angiosperms B. Gametophyte C. Germination D. Sporophyte
20. Also known as flowering plants; group of plants that produce reproductive structures called
flowers in their sporophyte stages.
A. Angiosperms B. Gametophyte C. Germination D. Sporophyte

Lesson 1 Human Reproductive System

The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological
system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living
substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the
reproductive system.

What’s In

Activity 1.1: What am I?

Directions: Define the following terms using the dictionary.
1. Development 2. Fertilization 3. Organogenesis 4. Development 5. Growth

What’s New

Activity 1.2: Who am I?

Directions: Define the stages of animal development.
1. Gametogenesis 2. Fertilization 3. Cleavage 4. Gastrulation 5. Organogenesis

What is It

Reproduction is the creation of new individuals, which is exactly from the same kind. Different
organisms use different modes of reproduction depending on the complexity of their form and structure.
Development starts with formation of sex cells and ends only by death. Until the old age of a person, for
example, some cells still develop or divide.
STRUCTURE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Page 4 of 13

What’s More

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
To initiate the developmental process, these two gametes fuse
together in via fertilization. In animal zygote (fertilized egg)
formation occurs once a sperm cell successfully fused to an
ovum, which in turn allows embryo development to take place.
A sperm cell fertilizing an ovum. Occur in the fallopian tube,
results in a unicellular zygote.

https://www.biologyonline.com/tutorials/
humanreproduction-and-fertilization

The development process occurs in a highly

organized and regulated manner called
embryogenesis in which embryo forms and
develops and eventually give rise to a
mature organism. However, the process
refers primarily to pre-natal development in
mammals preceding fetal development.
Fertilization initiates embryonic

development allowing cleavage to take place. Overview of fertilization and the early embryonic development in
Cleavage is the rapid series of mitotic cell humans
divisions of the developing embryo leading to http://what-when-how.com/nursing/normal-pregnancy-
multicellular ball mass. In mammals, this maternal-and-newborn-nursing-part-2/
continuously happens as the embryo
traverses the oviduct toward the uterus.
Once more than 100 cells are present, the embryo is now a blastocyst, characterized by having a distinct
inner mass cell, which eventually forms the fetus. After this, the cells formed are now ready to migrate in
an organized manner called gastrulation to which they localize to establish basic body plan-the germ
layers. In mammals and other higher vertebrates, three germ layers namely, the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
the endoderm commonly referred to as triploblastic. In diploblastic animals, only ectoderm and the
endoderm forms in which organs and different parts of the body originates.

MENSTRUAL CYLE
The average length of the menstrual cycle is 28–29 days, but
this can vary between women and from one cycle to the next.
The length of your menstrual cycle is calculated from the first
day of your period to the day before your next period starts.
Girls get their first period (menarche), on average, between the
ages of 11 and 14 years. By this stage, other sexual
characteristics have developed, such as pubic hair and budding
breasts.

*All images on menstrual cycle are lifted from

https://menstrupedia.com/articles/physiology/cycle-phases
 Page 5 of 13

PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1. Menstrual phase (day 1-5)

Menstrual phase begins on the first day of menstruation and
lasts till the 5th day of the menstrual cycle. The following events
occur during this phase:
• The uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels
which exits the body from the vagina in the form of menstrual
fluid.
• Blood loss of 10 ml to 80 ml is considered normal.
• You may experience abdominal cramps. These cramps are
caused by the contraction of the uterine and the abdominal
muscles to expel the menstrual fluid.
2. Follicular phase (day 1-13)
This phase also begins on the first day of menstruation, but it lasts
till the 13th day of the menstrual cycle. The following events occur
during this phase:
• The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg
cells in the ovaries to grow.
• One of these egg cells begins to mature in a sac-like-structure
called follicle. It takes 13 days for the egg cell to reach maturity.
• While the egg cell matures, its follicle secretes a hormone that
stimulates the uterus to develop a lining of blood vessels and soft
tissue called endometrium.
3. Ovulation phase (day 14)
On the 14th day of the cycle, the pituitary gland secretes a
hormone that causes the ovary to release the matured egg cell. The
released egg cell is swept into the fallopian tube by the cilia of the
fimbriae. Fimbriae are finger like projections located at the end of
the fallopian tube close to the ovaries and cilia are slender hair like
projections on each Fimbria.

4. Luteal phase (day 15-28)

This phase begins on the 15th day and lasts till the end of the
cycle. The following events occur during this phase:
• The egg cell released during the ovulation phase stays in the
fallopian tube for 24 hours.
• If a sperm cell does not impregnate the egg cell within that time, the
egg cell disintegrates.
• The hormone that causes the uterus to retain its endometrium gets
used up by the end of the menstrual cycle. This causes the
menstrual phase of the next cycle to begin.

CONTRACEPTION AND ITS TYPES:

I. Ovulation-suppressing methods
A. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) are hormone-containing medications
that are taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy. They prevent pregnancy by
inhibiting ovulation and by preventing sperm from penetrating through the
cervix.

II. Barrier methods- contraceptives prevent sperm cells entering the female
reproductive tract during sexual intercourse, e.g., Physical (Condom, Diaphragm,
Cervical cap)
A. Condom-consists of a thin latex or natural membrane sheath placed over the
erect penis to prevent semen from entering the vagina upon ejaculation.
 Page 6 of 13

B. Diaphragm -The diaphragm is an attractive birth control alternative for women who
are looking to avoid the hormonal impact of injections or oral contraceptives. When
properly fitted and used appropriately, they are approximately 90% effective in
preventing pregnancy. However, they do not provide protection against sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs). They do not require a prescription but must be
customized for each woman and checked by a healthcare provider every year.
C. Cervical cap-similar but smaller than the diaphragm. It adheres to the cervix by
suction. The cervical cap is a birth control (contraceptive) is a small plastic dome
that fits tightly over the cervix and stays in place by suction, that prevents sperm
from entering the uterus. The cervical cap is a reusable, deep silicone cup that is
inserted into the vagina and fits tightly. The cervical cap is held in place by suction
and has a strap to help with removal.
III. Chemical barriers- contraceptives include creams, foam, and jellies with
spermicidal properties. These chemicals create an unfavorable environment in the
vagina for sperm cells.
IV. Surgical methods-sterilize the male or female.
A. Vasectomy-A vasectomy is a simple procedure that makes a man unable
to father children. It is nearly 100% effective (99.85% to be exact). It takes
about 15 minutes to perform in a urologist’s office, and it is usually
covered by health insurance. https://www.urologysanantonio.com/vasectomy
B. Tubal Ligation- Is surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. It has
commonly been called "getting your tubes tied." It is also called a female
sterilization. Tubal refers to the fallopian tubes. Each month, an egg is
released from an ovary and travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549873/figure/article-30648.image.f3/
V. Implantation
A contraceptive implant is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The
implant releases a low, steady dose of a pre-gestational hormone to thicken
cervical mucus and thin the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
VI. Others
Abstinence refers to voluntary prevention of oneself from indulging in bodily
activities that provide pleasure.

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.4: Directions: Check your recall:

1. Describe two methods of contraception that use mechanical barrier.
2. How does IUD prevent pregnancy?
3. What are the major events in reproductive cycle?

What I Can Do

Activity 1.3: Directions: Compare and contrast the different types of contraception.
Birth Methods Advantages Disadvantages % of Conception Procedures Example/s
1. Ovulation
2. Barrier methods
3. Chemical
4. Surgical Methods
5. Implantation
6. Abstinence
 Page 7 of 13

Lesson 2 Reproduction and Development in Plants

Like all other living entity, plants also must reproduce for the continuity of the existence of another
generation. Like animals, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, thus maximizing their potential
to flourish on the surface of the earth.

What’s In

Activity 2.1: Plantifier!!!

Directions: Identify the name of each plant and write if it is sexual or asexual reproduction.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What’s New

Activity 2.2: Word Search

Directions: Encircle the words given below.
It can be horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
Angiosperm Anther
Epicotyl Filament
Monocot Monoecious
Plumule Stamen
Embryo Sac Endosperm
Flower Gametophyte
Ovule Pollination
Sporophyte Zygote

What is It

PLANT REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Asexual Reproduction in Plants
There are different types of asexual reproduction in plants that give
rise to offspring genetically similar with their parent, hence, are
clones of parents. Vegetative reproduction requires a fragment of
the plant produced from budding or tillering. In this type of
reproduction, structural modifications of the stem or roots and a few
species leaves are involved (Figure 1). This very common among
herbaceous and woody perennial plants. On the other hand,
apomixis reproduction involves dispersal of seeds that did not
Figure 1. Bryophyllum pinnatum, known as Katakataka plant, undergoing
asexual reproduction by emerging new shoots from leaves
 Page 8 of 13

originate from a fertilized embryo. Parthenocarpy is the progression of fruit development without
fertilization. This is the “virgin births” in plants.

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Sexual reproduction in plants requires two fundamental processes: meiosis and fertilization. Meiosis
reduces the number of chromosomes and provides genetic variation by rearranging the genes while
fertilization restores the diploid set of the chromosome by the fusion of two gametes. Most plants
undergo an alternation of generation having two multicellular phases, the gametophyte, and the
sporophyte. Gametophytes contain a haploid number of chromosomes giving rise to the male or female
gametes or both. Most vascular plants produce male (microgametophyte, produces sperm cells) and
female gametes (megagametophyte, produces egg cells) separately. Sporophytes, on the other hand,
consists of roots, shoots, leaves, having the diploid state of reproductive structure that eventually
produces the gametophyte. In flowering plants called angiosperm, female gametophyte arises from a
small structure within the ovary of the flower called ovule that attaches to ovary tissue by a stalk called
funicle. The ovary is a larger structure found in the flower that holds and protects the ovules. The ovary,
along with the stigma and style is part of a larger structure referred to as the carpel (pistil). Different
Types of Life Cycle
1. Haplontic Life Cycle
Chara is a multicellular green alga related to higher
plants because it has both chlorophyll a and b and
produce plant starch. Its dominant stage is a
multicellular haploid stage which produces gametes
that eventually fuse to form unicellular zygotes. Each
zygote then undergoes meiosis to become haploid,
after which it undergoes mitosis to become the
multicellular organism.
2. Haplodiplontic Life Cycle A moss has a
multicellular haploid (gametophyte) stage that
produces gametes. These gametes fuse to produce a
zygote that undergoes mitosis to produce a
multicellular sporophyte. Within a part of the
sporophyte called the capsule, cells undergo meiosis
to produce meiospores. These spores are eventually
released and germinate by dividing mitotically to
become a multicellular gametophyte.
3. Diplontic Life Cycle
Figure 2. Generalized Plant Cycle Type of life cycle found in flowering plants (and in most
animals). The organism is in the diploid stage (all cells are
diploid in chromosome number) except for mature, haploid sex cells which are called gametes.

Figure 3. Life cycle of the green alga

chara, depicting a haplontic life cycle
where the dominant stage is a Figure 4. Life cycle of a moss, depicting
multicellular haploid organism a haplodiplontic life cycle where both
(gametophyte) and the only diploid stage the diploid (sporophyte) and haploid
is the zygote which undergoes meiosis. (gametophyte) stages are multicellular.
 Page 9 of 13

Parts of a Complete Flower

1. Sepals —an accessory part that protects the inner parts of the flower in the bud, collectively known as
calyx.
2. Petals —usually bright colored structure found lying inside the sepals, collectively called corolla. Their
color and aroma attract pollinators such as insects and birds.
3. Stamen —commonly known as the male reproductive organ found surrounded by the petals. It
consists of a filament or stalk where the anther that holds the pollen attaches to its highest point.
4. Pistil —commonly known as the female reproductive organs where the ovary is located. A stalk called
style protrudes from the ovary and at its apex is a slight enlargement, known as the stigma, that
receives the pollen.
5. Receptacle —structure that holds all organs of a flower. Figure 5. The life cycle of a flowering plant.

The Pollen and Pollination

The male gametophyte is the pollen
grain responsible for fertilizing the
female gamete in the flower by
gaining access to an ovule's
reception area or stigma. The act
by which the pollens transfer from
the anther to the stigma is
pollination. A pollen grain
transfers to a stigma in the same
flower. This is self-pollination or
self-fertilization. If the pollen
involved in fertilization is from the
stigma of another flower, the
process is cross-pollination.

Double Fertilization
In some angiosperms, double
fertilization is commonly resulting
in the fertilization of two cells. How
can this be achieved and will be
there be any consequences?
During fertilization, one sperm
nucleus in the pollen tube fertilizes
the egg cell in the embryo sac while
another sperm nucleus joins with
the diploid endosperm nucleus.
Technically the fertilized egg is a zygote that develops into an embryo of the sporophyte in a diploid state.
While the latter, fertilized endosperm nucleus progresses into a triploid endosperm, having three sets of
a chromosome instead of the normal two sets (diploid). Triploid of an endosperm provides nutritive tissue
that sustains the embryo and seedling. Figure 5 shows pollination and fertilization in a flowering plant.

The Seed
Immediately after fertilization, the fertilized ovule matures to become the seed. In the process, the diploid
cells of the ovule develop into the outer covering of the seed known as (seed coat) while haploid cells
disintegrate. The zygote then undergoes development, becoming now the embryo, while the triploid
endosperm, produced in double fertilization, undergoes cell division to sustain nourishment of the
embryo. Upon maturation, the seed coat leaves a mark known as hilum, which is the remnant of the
attachment of ovule to the funicle, and a micropyle that allows entry of water for seed germination.

The Fruit
The mature ovary of an angiosperm that surrounds a seed is the fruit. As maturation of the seed
continues, the wall of the ovary becomes a protective covering having multiple layers called a pericarp.
The innermost layer is the endocarp that encases the seed, a mesocarp that is often thick, succulent,
and have a distinguishing taste, and the exocarp that is the outermost layer, characteristically tough
and skin like.
 Page 10 of 13

Type of Fruits
1. Simple fruit— develops from one flower with a single ripened ovary (e.g., apple, orange).
2. Aggregates — one flower that produces a cluster of ripened ovaries (e.g., blackberry, raspberry).
3. Multiple flower or Inflorescence — a cluster of ripened ovaries from different flowers that develops in
one inflorescence (e.g., pineapple, mulberry).
Plant Embryogenesis
Upon fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell, the zygote divides and develops into a plant embryo in the
process called embryogenesis. In the process, dividing cells organize to form a terminal cell, which later
becomes the embryo and a basal cell that gives rise to suspensor cells that also provide nutrients to the
developing embryo. As the process continues, cells differentiate to become the first root, while the other
end forms the tip of the shoot. In seed plants, the embryo will develop embryonic leaves known as
cotyledons.
Monocot plants such as rice produce only one cotyledon while dicots, as exemplified by mung bean
plant, produces two cotyledons that give the embryo a heart-shaped appearance. At this point of
development, shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem are being established which eventually
becomes adult structures upon germination.
Plant Development Continuum
Plant growth starts at germination. Depending on the type of plant, a seed can germinate while being
remained below the soil surface (Figure 6). This mode of germination by monocots is the hypogeal
germination whereas epigeal germination is the emergence of seed/cotyledon out of the soil surface. To
reach plant maturity, leaves, stems, and roots forms in the process called organogenesis. Root
meristems differentiate to form a specialized structure called roots, which anchors the plant to the soil
and serves as a structure that aids a plant to absorb water. New stems and leaves form from shoot
meristems found at the tip of the shoot. Primary growth occurs when cell differentiates and divides in
the shoot and root meristems. While further widening
of a root or shoot from divisions of cells in a cambium
is the secondary growth. Subsequently, some
stimulus causes further growth of the cells in a plant
via cell elongation. For example, a root grows and
elongates downward because of the presence of gravity,
known as gravitropism, or as a response towards a
water source, called hydrotropism, respectively. When
a plant grows and elongates in the direction of a light
source, the plant's response is phototropism.
Figure 6. The germination of seed.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.3 Answer the following questions. The rubric presented will be used in scoring your work.
1. What are the two main ways by which plants reproduce?
2. What is double fertilization?
3. How does fertilization take place in angiosperms?
Excellent Merit Achieved Needs improvement
Criteria Score
(5pts) (4pts) (3pts) (2pts)
A complete response Good, detailed response Explanation is
Explanation Misses key points
with detailed explanation with clear explanation unclear
Shows complete Shows substantial Shows some Shows a complete lack of
Knowledge understanding about the understanding about the understanding understanding about the
topic topic about the topic topic
 Page 11 of 13

What I Can Do

Activity 2.4: Read and understand the instructions before doing the activity. The rubric presented will
be used in scoring your work.
Materials
1. Gumamela flower 2. Scalpel blade or sharp pencil 3. Optional: other available flowers
Procedure
1. Obtain a flower of gumamela (Hibiscus rosasinensis).
2. Locate the outermost floral whorl. You can find it at the base of the flower and resembles a green
crown. These are the sepals, collectively called the calyx. Inner to the sepals but extending beyond
them are the prominent petals, collectively known as the corolla.
3. At the center of the flower is a prominent tube. This is called the staminal tube. Surrounding the tube
are minute stalks with yellow bulbous tips. These are the stamens. The bulbous tips are the anthers
containing the microsporangia while the stalks are the filaments.
4. At the very tip of the staminal tube are five bulbous structures, each borne on a stalk that fuses with
the other stalks as they go down the staminal tube. The structures at the tips are the stigmas of the
carpels while the stalks are the style.
5. Remove the petals carefully so as not to damage the base. Using a scalpel blade or the sharp end of a
pencil, make an incision from the tip of the staminal tube down to the base. Carefully open the
staminal tube to reveal the rest of the fused styles. Follow the styles until they terminate at the base.
This base is the ovary.
6. Draw the flower and label the following parts: petals, sepals, stamens, anther, filament, carpels, stigma,
style, and ovary.
7. Optional investigation: do the same for other flowers available. Draw and label the parts. Using all the
flowers used in this exercise, classify them as to whether they are complete or incomplete.

SCIENCE PROJECT/OUTPUT RUBRICS

Excellent Satisfactory Merit Achieved Needs improvement
Score
(5pts) (4pts) (3pts) (2pts) (1pt)
Output is self- Output is self- Output is self-explanatory Some of the parts of No
explanatory and explanatory and has and has three to five the theme is missing significance to
completely accurate. less than two mistakes. mistakes. or incomplete. the projects’ theme
Artistically and Artistically and
Properly done with some Properly done with Done untidy with few
creatively done with creatively done with
illustrations and pictures few illustrations and illustrations and
full illustrations and some illustrations and
of the theme. pictures the theme. pictures of the theme.
pictures of the theme. pictures of the theme.

Additional Activities

Directions: Trace the events of the female reproductive system.

 Page 12 of 13

Grade General Biology 2

12
Quarter 4- Module 1
Module Title: Reproduction and Development
Subject Teacher: JERIC F. GURTIZA
5
Name: _______________________________________________________
12-Erudite STEM
Grade & Section: ________________________Strand: ________________
Barangay: ____________________________________________________

Summative Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Please answer this test independently.

Part 1: MULTIPLE CHOICES. Answer the following items. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. It is the creation of new individuals, which is exactly from the same kind.
A. Fertilization B. Development C. Growth D. Reproduction
2. Which of the following is not a part of male reproductive system?
A. Testes B. Scrotum C. Cervix D. Penis
3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of menstrual cycle.
A. Menstrual-ovulation-follicular-luteal C. Menstruation-luteal-ovulation-follicular
B. Menstruation-follicular-ovulation-luteal D. Menstruation-luteal-follicular-ovulation
4. Which of following is the first stage in reproduction.
A. Fertilization B. Implantation C. Release and transport of gametes D. Development of embryo
5. Type of contraception that prevents fertilization.
A. B arrier method B. Oral contraceptive C. Abstinence D. Luteal phase
6. This phase begins on the 15th day and lasts till the end of the cycle. The following events occur during
this phase:
A. Luteal phase B. Follicular phase C. Ovulation phase D. Menstruation
7. Is surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. It has commonly been called "getting your tubes tied.
A. Intrauterine device B. Implantation C. Vasectomy D. Condom
8. It refers to voluntary prevention of oneself from indulging in bodily activities that provide pleasure.
A. IUD B. Condom C. Abstinence D. Cervical cap
9. It secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg cells in the ovaries to grow.
A. Pituitary gland B. Thyroid gland C. Adrenal gland D. Endocrine gland
10. Part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus; corresponds to the latter part of the follicular phase of the
ovaries (days 8-14) when the endometrium heals and begins to thicken because of estrogen secretion.
A. Follicular Phase B. Luteal phase C. Menstrual phase D. Proliferative phase
11. When a plant grows and elongates in the direction of a light source.
A. Gravitropism B. Hydrotropism C. Elongation D. Phototropism
12. An accessory part that protects the inner parts of the flower in the bud, collectively known as calyx.
A. Petals B. Sepal C. Stamen D. Receptacle
13. A reproduction that involves dispersal of seeds that did not originate from a fertilized embryo.
A. Apomixes B. Meristem C. Microphyll D. Stalk
14. It is the fusion of male and female gametes produced by the same individual.
A. Breeding B. Fertilization C. Reproduction D. Vegetative
15. Commonly known as the male reproductive organ found surrounded by the petals.
A. Petal B. Pistil C. Sepal D. Stamen
16. Seeds are matured ______________________.
A. Ovary B. Ovules C. Stigma D. Style
17. Seeds are capable of germinating if given the following __________________.
A. Water & soil B. Water & heat C. Temperature & pH D. Temperature & soil
18. Pollen grains are produced in the ________________.
A. Anther B. Filament C. Ovary D. Stigma
 Page 13 of 13

19. Stage of the life cycle of a plant that is haploid; stage that produces gametes via mitosis.
A. Angiosperms B. Gametophyte C. Germination D. Sporophyte
20. known as flowering plants; group of plants that produce reproductive structures called flowers in their
sporophyte stages.
A. Angiosperms B. Gametophyte C. Germination D. Sporophyte

For Part 2, use additional long bond paper(s) for your answers.
Part 2: PERFORMANCE TASK. Answer the following items. Be guided by the scoring rubric below
in the assessment of your work.
1. Compare and contrast the male reproductive system and female reproductive system of humans.
Illustrate your answer.
2. Compare and contrast self-pollination and cross-pollination in plants. Illustrate your answer.

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Percentage
All required components Most of the required Some of the required None of the
were presented. components were components were required
Components 25%
presented. presented. components were
presented.
Excellent creativity, very Some creativity; most Little creativity; a few Lacks creativity;
Presentation well thought out. parts appeared to have parts appeared to have not very thought 25%
been thought out. been thought out. out.
Logical progression of Logical progression of Organization is clear. No discernable
ideas with a clear ideas. organization.
Organization 25%
structure that enhances
the topic.
Extremely cohesive; all Cohesive; all parts Somewhat cohesive; Lacks cohesion;
Overall
parts interrelate interrelate well. parts interrelate parts do not 25%
Effectiveness
very well. somewhat. interrelate.