'B!j wor~tYlf) fti-tthFut~ etf)Vtt Vtours ti- dti-!

j,
!jou WLti-!j f)et to foe ti- fooss ti-Yld work twetve Vtours ti- dtA.!j.'
ROBERT FROST (AMERICAN POET, 1874-1963)

··we LL. You CAN

.see WHY \TS
DRIPPING,
C.AN!.r You?

\'"f"l-tE INNOCENCE: OF MY
CLIC"NT IS ESTA 8 '-ISHED 8y. .."

0 _ _ ____ e _ _ ___ _
e ___________
co
co
UJ
Cl
0:
~
z
«
et.! \' So How DID YOv FE:EL WI-4EN
Q "gUY 500 f'RoSfEC,.A OIL- SHAReS NoW." yov~ Morl-le~ SAID Tl-tA-r?"

~ 0
~ - -- -- -- -- -- -
G _ _ ____

"If' you opr FOR CREIV\AT/ON.

we'v,; GOT A seLEcTIoN
OF eLeGANr \J~NS. "

0 ___ _ _ _ _
"1"tlEYVc pu-r (l.OT"f"EiN "'''I..£S I", TIiE
"WE'LL APPLY -rHIS ReVITALISING
M''>CED flEcYt::I..ABLES B'", AGAIN!"
.N\ASI< NOW."

0 ____ _ _ e - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -

mIlD
o label the pictures with the names of jobs from
the box.
barrister beautician counsellor dustman plumber
priest stockbroker undertaker

• Match the words to make names of jobs.

1 civil a collector <) look at the jobs in Exercises 1-3. Which ones
2 museum b coach would you like to do? Which ones would you not
3 refuse c agent like to do? Tell another student.
4 insurance d servant
5 fitness e worker
6 construction f curator
82
 DEPARTMENTS IN A COMPANY
atch the departments to what they do.
4> Complete the phrases with the words from the
box. Then decide which three factors would be
Accounts most important to you when choosing a job.
~ Marketing Discuss your choices in pairs. Give reasons.
3 Personnel (Human Resources)
benefits flexible job (x2) maternity pay
." Research and Development
promotion sick
:; Customer Service
, Sales What affects your choice of career?
- Public Relations 1 prospects of_
a They design new products. 2 _security
They organise the sale of the products. 3 _pay
c They plan advertising campaigns. 4 _ working hours (flexi-time)
d They keep the books. 5 fringe _ or perks
e They deal with complaints from customers. 6 satisfaction
! They prepare contracts for employees. 7 holiday_
g They are responsible for contacts with the media. S _ or paternity leave

~ Complete the gapped words.

Complete the text with the right words. 1 It's difficult for young graduates to find
e_ _ __ _ _ _ _ t these days.
.E:i'-_ • The first letter is given .
2 I do freelance work. It suits me better than
a n_ _ e-to-_ _ __ job.
In my lifetime, I've had the following sources 3 Joanna's goal is a c_ _ _ _ r in politics.
of 1 i : as a student I worked in 4 I'd like to apply for the p_ _ ____ n of personal
a cafe where the 2 w were poor assistant to the CEO.
but the 3 t were good; my starting 5 Danny's finally found his true v _ _ _ _ _ _ n in life.
~s in my first job was not very high, He works now as a fashion designer.
but soon I got a pay 5 r and an 6 The company moved its production plants to
annual 6 b . My wife's small firm also China to take advantage of cheap 1_ __ _ r.
made a considerable 7 p . Those were
ORD BUII.DING
good times. I hoped that when we retired,
we'd be able to live comfortably. Now I receive • Complete the sentences with words formed from
a ridiculously low 8 p . If my children the word EMPLOY.
didn't help me, I don't know what I'd do ... 1 During the crisis, there were 50,000 in
this town.
2 The presidential candidate is promising full
EMPLOYMENT AND THE JOB MARKET
3 The car factory is the largest in this area.
Here are some questions that are often asked at 4 During his time with our firm, Mr Green has been
job interviews. Complete them with prepositions, a reliable, conscientious _ _ __
then ask and answer in pairs.
5 The government is worried about the rise in
1 Are you good at dealing _ _ _ _ people?
2 Do you work well _ _ _ _ pressure?
3 Can you work deadlines? ~ Complete the sentences with words formed from
4 Do you prefer working _ _ _ _ a team or the words in brackets.
_ _ _ _ your own? 1 Laura's training to be a _ _ _ _ (BEAUTY).
5 Why are you interested in a career _ _ _ _ this 2 A crew of fifty (TECHNICAL) worked on
field? the film set.
3 The age of (RETIRE) in this country is
Which two phrases can complete each sentence? sixty-five.
Match. 4 Ann is studying finance because she wants to be
a out of work e her own business an (ACCOUNT).
b odd jobs f for a publishing house 5 My work in the factory was very _ _ __
c self-employed g from home (REPEAT).
d a lot of freelance work h a courier service 6 I'd like to have a more _ _ _ _ (CHALLENGE)
t Patricia runs ... job.
2 Ray is ...
3 Alison works ...
4 Dean does ...

83
TRUE/FALSE/NO INFORMATION +418

o Have you ever heard adults complaining about

their jobs or their bosses? What were their main
• Do you agree with the idea that 'If anything can go
wrong, it will'? Can you think of any examples?
complaints? Share ideas in groups.

There are three laws, or to be more One possible explanation of the law's every employee tends to rise to his level
precise, two laws and one principle origin comes from 1949. Captain Edward of incompetence: The idea is that in any
that anyone who has ever worked Murphy was an engineer working on organisation employees are promoted as
in a large company or government Project MX981 for the US Air Force. One long as they are able to work efficiently.
department must have experienced: day, he criticised a technician saying, 'If Eventually, they reach their limit, or
Parkinson's law, Murphy's law and there is any way to do it wrong, he'll find their 'level of incompetence': a post in
the Peter Principle. But where do they it: This became known as 'Murphy's law: which they are no longer efficient, and
come from, and what do they mean? The law, in fact, is much older than its in which they will stay, unable to obtain
In 1944, at the height of the Second name. In Britain, it has traditionally been further promotions, for the rest of their
World War, on a British army base some- known as 'Sod's law' and it is likely that careers. Logically, this means that 'in
where in England, Major C. Northcote people have been complaining about time, every post tends to be occupied
Parkinson was feeling overwhelmed by the negative things in life since we first by an employee who is incompetent
the amount of paperwork senior officers developed the power of speech. to carry out his duties' and that the real
insisted on sending him. And then, However, the law, far from being a work in any organisation is actually done
disaster struck! The chief of the base sterile complaint about life's hardships, by employees - often lower down the
went on leave; his deputy fell sick; and a can actually be a useful tool to prevent ladder - who are still to reach their level
third officer departed on urgent business. mistakes at work. The excellent safety of incompetence.
Parkinson was left to soldier on alone, record of Project MX981 was said to be
desperately worrying that he would be due to the fact that thanks to Murphy's So according to Messrs Parkinson,
unable to cope with all the work. law everyone involved was aware of the Murphy and Peter, you may well end up
But then, much to his surprise - and permanent potential for disaster. working for an incompetent boss who
delight - nothing happened at all! Al- makes you do unnecessary work and
though the flood of paperwork stopped, The Peter Principle was conceived by who invariably finds the way to make
the war carried on quite happily without Dr. Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull things go terribly wrong. However, don't
it. As he later concluded, 'There had never and described in their 1968 book The panic. Fortunately, there are plenty of
been anything to do. We'd just been mak- Peter Principle. It states that 'in a hierarchy exceptions to these gentlemen's laws.
ing work for each other: And so in an
article in 1955 he composed Parkinson's 0"'-
law, which states 'work expands to fill the f ,

time available for its completion: -=:::::::=======~~A

What Parkinson had realised was that
in any bureaucratic organisation the
people in charge need to have people
working below them. However, the more ,--
employees they have, the more work the
bosses must find for them to do: and so eEWttJl f-aJZ.. TIfE
unnecessary work is created just to keep Si\J~y Of- uMU~PfJY'
\ \
everyone busy. lAW"
'I never had a slice of bread,
Particularly large and wide, \ \
That did not fall upon the floor
And always on the buttered side:
This simple verse, published in New
York Monthly Magazine in 1835, sums up I J

Murphy's law: 'If anything can go wrong,

it will:
 : I
"L 1ST E NI N G i
" j

ONE OR TWO CORRECT ANSWERS ... 11

o Think of at least two examples of jobs that were!

are common:
ead the article. Are the statements true (T), o in the 19
t h century _ __ _____
fal se (F) or is there no information (N!)?
o in the 20
th century _ ___ ____
1 CN. Parkinson was a British officer during " in the 21 century _ _ ______
st

World War 2.
2. When Parkinson's three superiors were absent, • What jobs do you think will be popular in the
he was unable to cope with all the work. future? Compare your ideas in pairs.
3 Parkinson's interpretation of what he observed
was that if people have more time, they work • Which of the jobs you listed in Exercises 1 and 2 are
more slowly. o white-collar jobs? • part of the
Parkinson wrote several texts presenting o blue-collar jobs? information economy?
his law. o industrial! creative?
0

S Murphy's law was first invented in 1949. manufacturing jobs? caring jobs?
0

6 Captain Murphy was in conflict with

a technician.
examTASK
7 Murphy's law has its constructive uses.
8 According to the Peter Principle, useful work 013."11 You're going to hear a lecture about the
is carried out by people in junior positions. future of the labour market. Circle the answers
9 The writer concludes that the laws described which are correct according to the recording: A, B,
are not without exceptions. or both.
1 The speaker describes the transition
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
A from an agriculture-based economy to an
o Which of the three laws do you find most and least
industrial economy.
convincing? Why? B from an industrial economy to today's
o Have you ever had unnecessary work created for information economy.
you? In what circumstances?
2 Technology has caused people to become
o 'Murphy's law can actually be a useful tool to
redundant
prevent mistakes.' How do you understand this
A in industry.
statement? Think of examples of situations when
B in office jobs.
it has been true.
o Have YOLLever witnessed a situation in which
3 Fashion designers, actors and inventors
a person in a superior position was less competent A have a creative element to their work.
than those lower down the ladder? B can also be replaced by machines.
4 Hairdressers are mentioned as an example of
Complete these phrases with prepositions from A a creative job.
the text. B a job requiring interpersonal skills.
He was overwhelmed the amount 5 In the future, it may be necessary to
paperwork. A adapt to changing circumstances.
2 He went leave. B learn new jobs several times during your life.
3 He went away _ _ business.
4 The people _ _ charge need to have people _ _
them.
o In pairs or small groups discuss the following
questions.
5 He is incompetent to carry _ _ his duties. o Do you know anyone who works or used to work in

agriculture or manufacturing? What do you know

. In pairs tell each other about the following about their work?
situations. Put in the missing prepositions using
o Do you know anyone who retrained for a new job?
the sentences in Exercise 5.
What did they do before? What dothey do now?
o a situation when you felt overwhelmed _ _
Why did they make the change?
the amount _ _ work you had to do
o It is said that most of the top-paying jobs of 2050 do
o a time when one of your parents went _ _
not exist yet. Which of the skills you've learned or
on business
are learning do you think will continue to be useful?
o a situation when you didn't know how to carry
What personal qual ities can help you function in
a task.
a rapidly changing job market?
• Do you think it's true that creative jobs can never
be done by robots or computers? Why? / Why not?
How about caring jobs?

85